Medical botany containing systematic and general descriptions, with plates, of all the medicinal plants, indigenous and exotic, comprehended in the catalogues of the materia medica, as published by the Royal Colleges of Physicians of London and Edinburgh : accompanied with a circumstantial detail of their medicinal effects, and of the diseases in which they have been most successfully employed /

v.2

Medical botany containing systematic and general descriptions, with plates, of all the medicinal plants, indigenous and exotic, comprehended in the catalogues of the materia medica, as published by the Royal Colleges of Physicians of London and Edinburgh : accompanied with a circumstantial detail of their medicinal effects, and of the diseases in which they have been most successfully employed /

v.3

Medical botany containing systematic and general descriptions, with plates, of all the medicinal plants, indigenous and exotic, comprehended in the catalogues of the materia medica, as published by the Royal Colleges of Physicians of London and Edinburgh : accompanied with a circumstantial detail of their medicinal effects, and of the diseases in which they have been most successfully employed /

v.4

Disposición final de residuos sólidos en el ejido municipal de la ciudad de Córdoba: una oportunidad para el desarrollo de herramientas de gestión ambiental municipal participativa.

Identificación y caracterización del problema objeto del estudio. La gestión ambiental es un proceso continuo y dinámico cuyo fin es la implementación de políticas ambientales. Es clave en un municipio la gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) ya que requiere que se consideren aspectos tales como su recolección, tratamiento, disposición final y la participación social. La insuficiencia de datos vinculados a su disposición final dificulta el diseño y establecimiento de planes y su seguimiento. Tampoco se considera prioritaria la incorporación de los vecinos en la construcción de estrategias de gestión lo que genera resistencia hacia las mismas. Hipótesis. La problemática de los RSU es una manifestación particular de la interacción entre el medio físico y los actores sociales que en él se asientan y desarrollan sus actividades. El estudio de conocimientos, percepciones y valoraciones sobre el ambiente es vital para conocer la implicación social en los temas ambientales. Objetivos. Desarrollar herramientas técnico-científicas que orienten la gestión ambiental participativa escala municipal. Como objetivos específicos: analizar la situación ambiental en el área afectada por la disposición final de residuos de la ciudad de Córdoba; valorar la perspectiva ambiental de los habitantes del sector en relación a los RSU; analizar y valorar las estrategias de gestión ambiental municipal asociadas a su disposición final; relacionar las estrategias ambientales aplicadas con las condiciones socio-ambientales identificadas. Materiales y Métodos. El área de estudio se localiza en el sector sur de la ciudad de Córdoba, donde se halla el actual enterramiento sanitario transitorio. Su caracterización socio-ambiental comprenderá: Análisis y Diagnóstico Ambiental. Se utilizará el esquema Presión-Estado-Respuesta para estructurar la aplicación de indicadores ambientales. Para la interpretación de la información ambiental y su expresión espacial se utilizará ArcGIS. Ésta se incorporará a un video documental que servirá como disparador de los grupos focales. Análisis de la Perspectiva Ambiental. Las fuentes secundarias permitirán contextualizar los procesos estudiados. Se consultarán censos nacionales y provinciales, y otros documentos e informes técnicos. La recolección de información primaria se realizará mediante grupos focales y entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Éstas se harán mediante la estratificación de los actores sociales según composición del ingreso, e identificando otros referentes que aporten a la comprensión del proceso. El número de entrevistas se determinará mediante la obtención del punto de saturación teórica. El instrumento para llevar adelante estas entrevistas será una Guía de Pautas. Resultados esperados. Se obtendrá un documento organizado en tres secciones. La primera presentará el diagnóstico, los indicadores y los instrumentos para la valoración ambiental de los vecinos. La segunda plasmará los resultados obtenidos a través de cartografía elaborada con los datos de campo relevados, el registro, sistematización y síntesis de los datos analizados. En la última sección se formularán propuestas desde el punto de vista de la gestión ambiental municipal participativa. Importancia del proyecto. La gestión de los RSU es de incumbencia municipal. Los avances en política ambiental generan la necesidad de identificar sitios para la localización de infraestructuras para su tratamiento y disposición final. Esta situación, sin un adecuado proceso de participación pública, puede desencadenar conflictos evitables, como el traslado del enterramiento sanitario de Bower a uno transitorio en el ejido de la ciudad de Córdoba. Allí se generó un proceso que evidenció los inconvenientes de la toma de decisiones sin participación ciudadana. En abril de 2011 éste se trasladará a una nueva localización, situación que se presenta como un caso de análisis válido de abordar detalladamente y ahondar en los procesos de gestión ambiental urbana.

Avaliação da adesão de médicos ao protocolo de hipertensão arterial da secretaria municipal de saúde de Curitiba

FUNDAMENTO: Em Curitiba, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é a segunda causa de internamento hospitalar e a primeira causa de morte por doenças cardiovasculares. Os protocolos de atendimento aos hipertensos sistematizam a atenção ao paciente com o intuito de aprimorar a resolutividade e a qualidade dos serviços de saúde. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adesão dos profissionais médicos ao protocolo do programa de hipertensos da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS) de Curitiba. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo transversal e observacional. A coleta de dados referentes ao trabalho foi realizada em quatro unidades de saúde de Curitiba. A amostra foi constituída de 200 pacientes hipertensos cadastrados no programa de HAS. Os dados coletados eram referentes às duas primeiras consultas. A fonte de dados foi o prontuário eletrônico das unidades de saúde. O protocolo utilizado para análise comparativa foi o da SMS de Curitiba. RESULTADOS: A não conformidade entre a prática clínica e o protocolo na primeira consulta foi de 56,8% quanto à classificação de grau, 63,8% quanto ao risco cardiovascular e de 54% quanto ao tratamento. Na segunda consulta, em 67% não houve concordância com o protocolo quanto ao risco e em 51,3% quanto ao tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A não conformidade entre a prática clínica e a adesão ao protocolo da SMS de Curitiba mostrou-se evidente na classificação de grau, risco cardiovascular e tratamento do paciente hipertenso. O não seguimento do protocolo pode representar uma baixa resolutividade do serviço de saúde, o qual perde a oportunidade de reduzir a morbidade e mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares na população.

The appraisal of mesophilic anaerobic digestion and thermophilic aerobic digestion in the treatment of municipal sludge in Ireland

It has been well documented that the optimum feedstock for anaerobic digesters consists of readily biodegradable compounds, as found in primary sludge or even a mixed substrate of primary and excess activated sludge. Due to the requirements of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant Directive of 1991, the quantities of secondary sludge generated is set to increase substantially. A pilot scale study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of both Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion and Thermophilic Aerobic digestion in the treatment of secondary sludge. The results indicated that the anaerobic pilot scale digester achieved a greater solids destruction than the aerobic pilot plant averaging at 28% T.S. removal verses 20% for the aerobic digester, despite the fact that secondary sludge is the optimum feedstock for aerobic digestion. This can, however, be attributed to the greater biomass yield experienced with aerobic systems, and to the absence of Autothermal conditions. At present, the traditional technique of Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion is in widespread application throughout Ireland, for the stabilisation of sewage sludge. There is only one Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digester at present situated in Killarney, Co. Kerry. A further objectives of the study was to compare full-scale applications of Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion to ATAD. Two Sludge Treatment plants, situated in Co. Kerry, were used for this purpose, and were assessed mainly under the following headings; process stability, solids reduction on average, the ATAD plant in Killarney has the advantage of producing a “Class A” Biosolid in terms of pathogen reduction, and can effectively treat double the quantity of sludge. In addition, economically the ATAD plant is cheaper to run, costing €190 / t.d.s verses €211 / t.d.s. for the anaerobic digester in Tralee. An overview of additional operational Anaerobic Digestion Plants throughout Ireland is also presented.

A textbook of botany for colleges and universities, by ... John Merle Coulter ... Charles Reid Barnes ... Henry Chandler Cowles ...

2

Ireland's biodegradable municipal waste

This project focuses on the EU Landfill Directive targets for Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW) specifically focusing on how the targets will affect Ireland and its waste management infrastructure. Research will consist of reviewing relevant literature, legislation and policies that will provide a comparable between Ireland and other nations. Planning processes which govern both the building structure and running capacities of treatment facilities is also necessary in order to predict amounts of waste diverted from landfill. The efficiency of these treatment plants also requires investigation. Another objective is to research further information on Irelands organic ‘brown’ bin service, this will involve discovering the roll out of bins in the future over a defined time scale as well as the potential amounts of waste that will be collected. Figures received from waste management and waste treatment companies will be combined with figures from the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) annual reports. This will give an indication to past trends and shed light on possible future trends. With this information annul waste volumes consigned to landfill can be calculated and used to determine whether or not Ireland can achieve the EU Landfill Directive targets. Without significant investment in Irelands waste management infrastructure it is unlikely that the targets will be met. Existing waste treatment facilities need to be managed as efficiently as possible. Waste streams must also be managed so waste is shared appropriately between companies and not create a monopolising waste treatment facility. The driving forces behind an efficient waste management infrastructure are government policy and legislation. An overall and efficient waste management strategy must be in place, along with disincentives for landfilling of waste such as the landfill levy. Encouragement and education of the population is the fundamental and first step to achieving the landfill directive targets.

Zoology for high schools and colleges, by A.S. Packard ...

1880

Natural history : a manual of zoology for schools, colleges, and the general reader / by Sanborn Tenney.

1865