Motor de histerese multifásico com polos variáveis de rotor cilíndrico supercondutor

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores, especialidade em Máquinas Eléctricas pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Contributo para a modelização de magnetos supercondutores de fluxo residual: aplicação a um motor linear todo supercondutor

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Is mental practice an effective adjunct therapeutic strategy for upper limb motor restoration after stroke? A systematic review and meta- analysis

Stroke is one of the most common conditions requiring rehabilitation, and its motor impairments are a major cause of permanent disability. Hemiparesis is observed by 80% of the patients after acute stroke. Neuroimaging studies showed that real and imagined movements have similarities regarding brain activation, supplying evidence that those similarities are based on the same process. Within this context, the combination of mental practice (MP) with physical and occupational therapy appears to be a natural complement based on neurorehabilitation concepts. Our study seeks to investigate if MP for stroke rehabilitation of upper limbs is an effective adjunct therapy. PubMed (Medline), ISI knowledge (Institute for Scientific Information) and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library) were terminated on 20 February 2015. Data were collected on variables as follows: sample size, type of supervision, configuration of mental practice, setting the physical practice (intensity, number of sets and repetitions, duration of contractions, rest interval between sets, weekly and total duration), measures of sensorimotor deficits used in the main studies and significant results. Random effects models were used that take into account the variance within and between studies. Seven articles were selected. As there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (MP vs control), showed a - 0.6 (95% CI: -1.27 to 0.04), for upper limb motor restoration after stroke. The present meta-analysis concluded that MP is not effective as adjunct therapeutic strategy for upper limb motor restoration after stroke.

Feasibility and acceptability of an exergame intervention for schizophrenia

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an exergame intervention as a tool to promote physical activity in outpatients with schizophrenia. Design Feasibility/Acceptability Study and Quasi-Experimental Trial. Method Sixteen outpatients with schizophrenia received treatment as usual and they all completed an 8-week exergame intervention using Microsoft Kinect® (20 min sessions, biweekly). Participants completed pre and post treatment assessments regarding functional mobility (Timed Up and Go Test), functional fitness performance (Senior Fitness Test), motor neurological soft signs (Brief Motor Scale), hand grip strength (digital dynamometer), static balance (force plate), speed of processing (Trail Making Test), schizophrenia-related symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and functioning (Personal and Social Performance Scale). The EG group completed an acceptability questionnaire after the intervention. Results Attrition rate was 18.75% and 69.23% of the participants completed the intervention within the proposed schedule. Baseline clinical traits were not related to game performance indicators. Over 90% of the participants rated the intervention as satisfactory and interactive. Most participants (76.9%) agreed that this intervention promotes healthier lifestyles and is an acceptable alternative to perform physical activity. Repeated-measures MANOVA analyses found no significant multivariate effects for combined outcomes. Conclusion This study established the feasibility and acceptability of an exergame intervention for outpatients with schizophrenia. The intervention proved to be an appealing alternative to physical activity. Future trials should include larger sample sizes, explore patients' adherence to home-based exergames and consider greater intervention dosage (length, session duration, and/or frequency) in order to achieve potential effects.

Contributo para o estudo do motor linear síncrono supercondutor

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Partial Rhombencephalosynapsis.

Clinical history - A 4-year-old boy, born prematurely at 29 weeks (twin pregnancy), with periventricular leukomalacia and epilepsy underwent brain MRI. Neurological examination showed severe developmental retardation with axial hypotonia, spastic tetraparesis and convergent strabismus. Imaging findings - Cranial MRI revealed typical aspects of partial rhombencephalosynapsis with vermian hypoplasia, midline fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres and transversely oriented folia and fissures. There was also mild dilatation and dysmorphism of the ventricular system, the septum pellucidum was absent, the hippocampi were malrotated and had vertical orientation and additional finding of associated periventricular cystic leukomalacia. Discussion - Rhombencephalosynapsis (RS) is a rare congenital defect of the cerebellum classically characterised by vermian agenesis or hypogenesis, fusion of the hemispheres, and closely apposed or fused dentate nuclei. It is now considered to result from an absence of division of the cerebellar hemispheres, following an insult between the 28th and 44th day of gestation (i.e., before the formation of the vermis). Other features have also been described such as fusion of the thalami and cerebral peduncles, malrotated hippocampi, corpus callosum agenesis, hypoplastic chiasm, absence of the septum pellucidum, ventriculomegaly, agenesis of the posterior lobe of the pituitary and cortical malformations. Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, urinary tract, and respiratory abnormalities have been reported. Typical symptoms consist of swallowing difficulties, delayed motor acquisitions, muscular hypotonia, spastic quadriparesis, cerebellar signs including dysarthria, gait ataxia, abnormal eye movements, and seizures and hydrocephalus. The major MRI signs consist of fused cerebellar hemispheres, with absent or hypoplastic vermis, narrow diamond-shaped fourth ventricle and fused dentate nuclei. In a minority of cases, partial RS has been identified by MRI, demonstrating the presence of the nodulus and the anterior vermis and absence of part of the posterior vermis with only partial fusion of the hemispheres in the inferior part. Other cerebellar malformations involving vermian agenesis or hypoplasia include the Dandy–Walker continuum, Joubert syndrome, tectocerebellar dysraphy or pontocerebellar hypoplasias, and are now easily distinguished from RS by both brain MRI and morphology.

Efeito da compressão isquémica no ponto gatilho do trapézio superior no controlo motor do ombro

Introdução: A síndrome dolorosa miofascial (SDM) é uma das causas mais comuns de dor com origem músculo-esquelética, devendo-se sobretudo à existência de pontos gatilho (PG) miofasciais. O PG no músculo trapézio superior (TS), sob a sua forma latente, tem repercussões no equilíbrio muscular do complexo articular do ombro. A intervenção sobre este PG, através da compressão isquémica poderá ter benefícios no próprio músculo e no controlo motor do complexo articular do ombro. Objetivos: Pretende-se estudar a influência da intervenção no PG latente do músculo TS no controlo motor do ombro, analisando as alterações ao nível do timing de ativação muscular, das sequências em que o músculos ativam e do nível de atividade muscular ao longo do movimento. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo do tipo experimental, aleatório e controlado com uma amostra dividida em dois grupos, grupo experimental (n=15) e grupo controlo (n=14). No grupo experimental foi realizada a técnica de compressão isquémica no PG do TS e no grupo controlo um procedimento placebo. Antes e após a intervenção foi recolhida a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos grande dentado (GD), infra-espinhoso (IE), deltóide médio (DM), trapézio superior (TS) e trapézio inferior (TI), assim como os dados cinemáticos, durante o movimento de elevação do ombro no plano da omoplata. Foi analisado o timing de ativação muscular, as sequências de ativação e o nível de ativação muscular ao longo do arco de movimento, através da magnitude normalizada à contração muscular voluntária máxima. Resultados: Foi observada uma maior pré ativação do músculo GD, no grupo experimental após a intervenção (p=0,025) relativamente ao primeiro momento de avaliação. É de notar que após a intervenção, no GE, todos os músculos passaram a ativar no período típico dos ajustes posturais antecipatórios, não tendo o mesmo sido observado no grupo de controlo. Após a técnica, 37% dos indivíduos do grupo experimental passaram a ativar o GD em primeiro lugar, quando apenas um sujeito o fazia antes da intervenção. Destaca-se também um predomínio de 32% nas últimas posições, após a técnica, dos músculos trapézio superior e inferior. No GC não se verifica nenhuma tendência após a intervenção. Foram ainda observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos nos arcos de movimento onde foi atingido 20% da contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CMVI) nos músculos DM (p=0,002), na primeira avaliação, e IE (p=0,021), após a intervenção, com um atraso da ativação do IE para valores superiores a 20% da CMVI. Conclusão: A compressão isquémica reflete-se na antecipação da atividade do músculo GD e num atraso do aumento da magnitude da atividade do IE para valores moderados,

Desenvolvimento de uma caixa de velocidades electrónica para um motor polifásico de pólos variáveis

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Modelação fenomenológica de um motor Diesel marítimo para avaliar efeitos da mudança de combustível

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Imaging the Hypoglossal Nerve

The hypoglossal nerve is a pure motor nerve. It provides motor control to the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles thus being essential for normal tongue movement and coordination. In order to design a useful imaging approach and a working differential diagnosis in cases of hypoglossal nerve damage one has to have a good knowledge of the normal anatomy of the nerve trunk and its main branches. A successful imaging evaluation to hypoglossal diseases always requires high resolution studies due to the small size of the structures being studied. MRI is the preferred modality to directly visualize the nerve, while CT is superior in displaying the bony anatomy of the neurovascular foramina of the skull base. Also, while CT is only able to detect nerve pathology by indirect signs, such as bony expansion of the hypoglossal canal, MRI is able to visualize directly the causative pathological process as in the case of small tumors, or infectious/inflammatory processes affecting the nerve. The easiest way to approach the study of the hypoglossal nerve is to divide it in its main segments: intra-axial, cisternal, skull base and extracranial segment, tailoring the imaging technique to each anatomical area while bearing in mind the main disease entities affecting each segment.

Post-Treated Prostate Cancer: Normal Findings and Signs of Local Relapse on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for prostate cancer has increased over recent years, mainly for detection, staging, and active surveillance. However, suspicion of recurrence in the set of biochemical failure is becoming a significant reason for clinicians to request mp-MRI. Radiologists should be able to recognize the normal post-treatment MRI findings. Fibrosis and atrophic remnant seminal vesicles after prostatectomy are often found and must be differentiated from local relapse. Moreover, brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, cryosurgery, and hormonal therapy tend to diffusely decrease the signal intensity of the peripheral zone on T2-weighted images (T2WI) due to the loss of water content, consequently mimicking tumor and hemorrhage. The combination of T2WI and functional studies like diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced improves the identification of local relapse. Tumor recurrence tends to restrict on diffusion images and avidly enhances after contrast administration either within or outside the gland. The authors provide a pictorial review of the normal findings and the signs of local tumor relapse after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, cryosurgery, and hormonal therapy.

Motor de indução polifásico de pólos variáveis

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

A Gestão de um programa televisivo enquanto motor de reflexão na área da Comunicação

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Comunicação Estratégica

Exploring motor neuron degeneration in ALS - prevention by glycoursodeoxycholic acid and signaling to microglia

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina