1000 resultados para Morácea - Ilha Grande, Baía da (RJ)


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Há cerca de dez anos os municípios confrontantes com a Bacia de Campos vem registrando contínuo e vigoroso aumento das receitas oriundas das participações governamentais incidentes sobre a exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural em função da Lei Federal n° 9.478/98 que, entre outras medidas, ampliou as alíquotas básicas de royalties de 5% para até 10% do valor da produção bem como instituiu o pagamento de participações especiais sobre o lucro obtido em campos de grande produção ou rentabilidade. Nesse trabalho buscamos analisar o comportamento, na Prefeitura Municipal de Cabo Frio, das receitas em epígrafe durante o período compreendido entre os exercícios financeiros de 2002 a 2007, verificando os efeitos quantitativos produzidos nos tributos arrecadados por aquele Executivo, bem como avaliando as gestões, através da análise dos dados coletados, no sentido de determinar em qual delas houve maior efetividade na arrecadação tributária. O estudo em tela pretende ser uma fonte de informações para futuros gestores, auxiliando-os na condução de políticas fiscais e administrativas que visem incrementar a arrecadação.

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Nesta tese da especialidade de Hidrogeologia, é apresentado um primeiro levantamento vulcano-estratigráfico da ilha da Madeira. Os trabalhos de campo permitiram definir, até agora, sete unidades geológicas principais, descritas da mais antiga para a mais recente: 1- Complexo Vulcânico Antigo (CA) 2- Calcários Marinhos dos Lameiros - S. Vicente (CM) 3- Depósito Conglomerático-Brechóide (CB) 4- Complexo Vulcânico Principal (CP) 5- Complexo Vulcânico S. Roque/Paul (SRP) 6- Episódios Vulcânicos Recentes (VR) 7- Depósitos de Vertente (dv), Fajãs (fj), Quebradas (q), Depósitos de Enxurrada Recentes (dr), Areias de Praia (ap), Dunas Fósseis (df), Terraços (t), e Aluviões (a) A caracterização climática da ilha da Madeira foi feita com base nos dados recolhidos em 27 pontos de observação climatológicos, dos quais 14 são estações meteorológicas e 13 são postos udométricos, o que representa uma densidade de 1 ponto de observação/27 km2. Constatou-se que a variação da precipitação com a altitude não era linear e dependia da orientação das vertentes. Efectuou-se o balanço hídrico sequencial diário, com base nos valores de precipitação média diária, registados no Paul da Serra, durante os últimos 15 anos hidrológicos. Pretendeu-se quantificar a precipitação oculta na vegetação típica da ilha da Madeira, de modo a poder avaliar a contribuição daquele tipo de precipitação para os recursos hídricos subterrâneos, e, ainda, determinar qual o potencial daquele recurso natural, como contribuição importante às fontes tradicionais de abastecimento de água à ilha. Para o efeito, procedemos a dois tipos principais de medição: medição directamente sob a vegetação de altitude da Madeira, o urzal, que se desenvolve entre os 1200 e os 1600 m de altitude, e construção de aparelhos constituídos por obstáculos artificiais, de modo a interceptarem as gotículas de água contidas no nevoeiro. Pela sua importância, os resultados obtidos justificam o desenvolvimento futuro deste estudo. A caracterização hidrodinâmica das formações da ilha da Madeira baseou-se nas observações feitas no interior das galerias e túneis em escavação, na análise dos registos de caudais de galerias e nascentes e na interpretação de ensaios de bombeamento dos furos de captação. Os dados evidenciam a grande heterogeneidade e anisotropia características do meio vulcânico. As transmissividades vão desde 11 m2/d até 25 766 m2/d. A caracterização hidrogeoquímica permitiu identificar um grupo de 5 águas termais, emergentes em falhas, no Complexo Antigo, com características muito próprias, bastante distintas das restantes, que representam, quer em quantidade, quer em volume de caudais captados, a grande maioria das águas da ilha da Madeira. O principal fenómeno mineralizador das águas é a hidrólise de minerais silicatados, verificando-se, nas águas dos furos, nas das nascentes de altitude e nas situadas próximo do litoral, o efeito da contaminação de sais de origem marinha. A partir dos dados hidrogeológicos obtidos, foi possível elaborar um modelo conceptual de funcionamento hidrogeológico para a ilha da Madeira, que, apesar de possuir alguns elementos comuns, é, no seu conjunto, diferente dos modelos conhecidos para outras ilhas vulcânicas, nomeadamente, Canárias, Reunião, Havai e Polinésia Francesa.

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O Arquipélago da Madeira possui um Património Natural de excepcional valor, rico em Biodiversidade e Geodiversidade, que deve ser conhecido e divulgado internacionalmente, assim como deve ser conservado e preservado para as gerações vindouras. No que respeita à Geodiversidade, a Madeira é dotada de uma variedade geológica de grande interesse, cujo valor cultural, económico e turístico, a torna numa mais valia para a região. Deste modo há que estudar, divulgar e preservar alguns locais de excepcional interesse geológico, elevando-os à categoria de Património Geológico. Neste sentido e no seguimento da política ambiental desenvolvida pelo Governo Regional, traduzida no Decreto Legislativo Regional N.º 24/2004/M de 28 de Agosto de 2004, elaborou-se uma síntese sobre os conceitos de “Património Geológico” e “Geoconservação”, reunindo toda a informação possível sobre o seu enquadramento legislativo, a nível nacional e regional. Sendo a ilha da Madeira de origem vulcânica, foi efectuada uma síntese sobre o Vulcanismo de modo a criar uma base sólida de informação didáctica, tendo em vista a elaboração de documentos de apoio (manuais, brochuras ou painéis interpretativos) destinados ao público que possa visitar este ou outros locais de interesse geológico no Arquipélago da Madeira. Neste âmbito, divulga-se um geossítio, designado por “Cone de Piroclastos da Sr.ª da Piedade”, cujo principal tipo de interesse é simultaneamente vulcanológico e geomorfológico: neste local, os processos de erosão costeira associados à evolução e recuo da arriba litoral actual cortaram, aproximadamente pela metade, um cone de piroclastos basálticos, de morfologia de construção ainda bem conservada, revelando de modo excepcional as condutas alimentadoras, bem como, numerosos aspectos da sua estrutura interna, produtos vulcânicos e etapas de edificação. Tendo como objecto de estudo aquele geossítio, elaborou-se uma ficha de inventariação (PROGEO) e efectuou-se um ensaio de quantificação, de modo que este local seja considerado na estratégia de inventariação e classificação do Património Geológico da Região Autónoma da Madeira.

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O projecto e a execução de estruturas costeiras, marítimas e portuárias apresentam elavada complexidade, envolvendo a consideração de um grande número de factores e restrições e a utilização sinergética de conhecimentos oriundos de diferentes áreas do saber. Nesta dissertação, efectua-se inicialmente uma breve descrição das questões e preocupações que decorrem destas obras, bem como dos métodos de auxílio e validação dos cálculos utilizados no dimensionamento dessas estruturas, de modo a melhor aproximar o projecto à realidade, permitindo com isto antecipar e corrigir potenciais problemas. Além disso, nesta dissertação são apresentados os diferentes tipos de obras marítimas, as suas funções e os objectivos de cada uma delas, bem como os materiais utilizados e alguns dos seus métodos constructivos, descrevendo-se as diversas soluções que podem ser implementadas consoante as necessidades locais, a realidade económica existente e os materiais mais adequados a aplicar, sendo dada especial ênfase às obras marítimas de acostagem, tendo como caso de estudo a obra de recuperação do porto de abrigo da Ilha do Porto Santo, no Arquipélago da Madeira, sendo focados neste estudo os seus parâmetros essenciais, como o enquadramento climático e geográfico, os estudos preliminares e diagnósticos realizados, a caracterização da obra e da solução implementada, bem como a ordem de trabalhos e os meios necessários à sua execução. São também expostas as metodologias de cálculo das dimensões e do peso dos blocos de protecção e do enrocamento, bem como das espessuras das diferentes camadas por estes formadas, projectadas para dissipar a energia da agitação marítima, sendo ainda apresentados os resultados da aplicação de tais metodologias simplificadas de cálculo à obra de reabilitação portuária escolhida para este estudo.

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A grande maioria das estruturas existentes atualmente contém aço na sua constituição, seja na forma de aço estrutural, seja na forma de armaduras de betão armado. A deterioração precoce do aço destas estruturas é um fenómeno muito comum e que tem acarretado grandes custos em reabilitações e reparações. O principal fator para essa deterioração precoce é o contacto de agentes agressivos, como os cloretos, com o aço que originam a sua corrosão. Na Ilha da Madeira alguns desses agentes agressivos estão presentes em grandes quantidades, promovendo a súbita corrosão do aço, fazendo com que os custos de manutenção sejam elevados. Uma das formas de evitar a corrosão do aço é através da utilização do aço inoxidável reduzindo assim os custos com manutenções ao longo da sua vida útil. Nesta dissertação pretende-se avaliar se a utilização do aço inoxidável em vez do aço carbono na Ilha da Madeira é economicamente mais vantajosa a longo prazo. Para esse fim foram elaboradas diversas tarefas. Numa fase inicial foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre o aço carbono e o aço inoxidável em termos de propriedades gerais, comportamento mecânico e regulamentação, mas também uma pesquisa sobre as aplicações e os tipos de aço inoxidável. Numa fase seguinte foram abordados mecanismos de degradação e métodos de reparação para a corrosão. Para além disso, foram determinados os tempos de vida útil de projeto, através de modelos de degradação, e estimados cenários de degradação e manutenção. Posteriormente foram dimensionados dois tipos de estruturas (betão armado e estrutura metálica) e para dois tipos de aço (aço carbono e aço inoxidável) por forma a determinar o peso dos materiais das estruturas para apurar o seu custo. Em seguida foram realizadas as análises económicas das estruturas mencionadas anteriormente face aos cenários de manutenção anteriormente realizados. As análises recaíram sobre os custos inicias das estruturas e os custos a longo prazo, para um período de vida útil de 50 anos. Em função da análise realizada pode concluir-se que na Ilha da Madeira a utilização do aço inoxidável nas estruturas metálicas, por enquanto, não é vantajosa em termos económicos. Para as estruturas de betão armado, verificou-se também que na maioria dos casos a utilização do aço carbono é a melhor opção económica a longo prazo, exceto nas estruturas perto do mar com cimentos do tipo CEM I ou CEM II/A, em que o aço inoxidável é a melhor opção, pois embora este apresente um custo inicial superior ao do aço carbono, o seu custo total a longo prazo incluindo as reparações é inferior.

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The urban expansion problem of Baía Formosa, a southern edge city of de Rio Grande do Norte eastern coast, which has been presented in other coast Brazilian towns, specially on those with tourist activities increase. Therefore, this situation brings huge concerns to their inhabitants, to their technical /scientific community and to the governments, because of the conflicts of interest and of the growth of urban problems that this has been created. At Baía Formosa, the situation is aggravated because the city is confined, once around it, there are large private proprieties, environmental preservation area and the sea, at the eastern edge. The objectives of this study are the analyses of this city expansion process in order to obtain adequate alternatives and defining methodology to apply in other urban nucleus that are subjected to similar situations. Of course, presents social relations, environmental conditions and promoting local population insertion should be considered in order that enjoin this process and contributing to a better social balance. This case study has used bibliography research, field data, maps and soil occupation recorders and photographs of the area, besides the primary data gathering by surveys carried out with many social actors. The present analysis shows that the urban expansion observed today is featured by a recent unsustainable model, which attacks the environment and brings either farm conflicts. On the other hand, the ecological tourism can represent an alternative in order to achieve an adequate expansion form, without forgetting the several structural parameters necessary to support the sustainable activities

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This work aims to study the fluctuation structure of physical properties of oil well profiles. It was used as technique the analysis of fluctuations without trend (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis - DFA). It has been made part of the study 54 oil wells in the Campo de Namorado located in the Campos Basin in Rio de Janeiro. We studied five sections, namely: sonic, density, porosity, resistivity and gamma rays. For most of the profiles , DFA analysis was available in the literature, though the sonic perfile was estimated with the aid of a standard algorithm. The comparison between the exponents of DFA of the five profiles was performed using linear correlation of variables, so we had 10 comparisons of profiles. Our null hypothesis is that the values of DFA for the various physical properties are independent. The main result indicates that no refutation of the null hypothesis. That is, the fluctuations observed by DFA in the profiles do not have a universal character, that is, in general the quantities display a floating structure of their own. From the ten correlations studied only the profiles of density and sonic one showed a significant correlation (p> 0.05). Finally these results indicate that one should use the data from DFA with caution, because, in general, based on geological analysis DFA different profiles can lead to disparate conclusions

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The aim of this work is to analyze the phenomenon of the partner-space segregation in the city of Fortaleza, having as reference the sprouting of recent forms of housing that privilege areas with desert-like aspects, and the removal from the popular accumulations, which is becoming the shelter of the populations economically favored of the capital. Our field study was developed in the land division Alpha Village, a located urban enterprise in the east of the city. Different from the research that deals with the question of segregation as a sui generis product of the partner-economic inequality, we opt to an analysis directed more towards the dimension of the subjectivity, searching the roots of the phenomenon in the proper constitution of the human being. From interviews with the inhabitants of the related land division, we decided to analyze the social imaginary significances (Castoriadis) that composed their speech, and that they defined in this way, its representations concerning themselves, as strangers that cross the streets of the cited space, becoming thus suspected in potential. Inside our perspective, the segregation gains a ambiguous connotation, therefore at the same time that it authorizes the symbolic destruction of the other, it is also a tool that aids to support the "pain of the unreliability"

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Ethnobiology studies Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) as well as the use and management of natural resources by local communities in order to understand how the environment is perceived, known and classified by human groups. In fishing communities, LEK adds empirical information about the biology of aquatic species and complements scientific findings, especially when it is difficult to obtain factual information during studies on cetaceans, whose behavior is essentially underwater. Cetaceans (whales and dolphins) are constantly threatened by human activities, especially by accidental capture of small coastal species, as in the case of the estuarine dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), object of this study. Ethnobiological researches in fishing communities are of great importance and can clarify aspects of the biology and conservation of this species. Although extensively studied throughout its distribution range, there are still gaps in the knowledge about S. guianensis. Therefore, fishers local ecological knowledge becomes an additional tool to get and confirm information about S. guianensis. This study evaluated the LEK of artisanal fishers who are daily exposed to local population of S. guianensis, through the use of semistructured interviews (N=116). The interviewed fishers were asked about the biology and popular classification of S. guianensis and about possible interactions between this dolphin and them. The studied communities were located in Tibau do Sul (n=39), Pipa (n=36) and Baía Formosa (n=41), all on the south coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The study was based on the assumption that differences in fishers LEK among those communities would be caused by both the variety of fishing environments (lagoon/estuary and ocean) and the intensity of tourism activities. Fishers knowledge is expressive and differed among the studied communities depending on the topic investigated. Fishers correctly reported the habitat, distribution, seasonality and behavioral particularities of S. guianensis. Tourism mainly affected the naming of the species. The study results also suggest that marine fishers have greater knowledge about the species than the estuarine/lagoon ones. Local populations accumulate empirical knowledge according to their environment. Hence, it is important to take into account both empirical knowledge and popular participation in management systems, in order to maintain information sharing among communities

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Studies indicate that spinner dolphins use the Baía dos Golfinhos, in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, for resting, reproduction, parental care and protection against shark attacks. The present study had the purpose of verifying the seasonality of spinner dolphin newborns and calves in relation to the months of the year and the pluviometric seasons (dry and rainy), as well as their interaction with the number and gender of accompanying adults and their positioning in relation to the adults (vertical, horizontal, and depth) in the above mentioned bay. The analysis were made out of photo records of dolphins collected between 2000 and 2006 (seasonality) and between 1995 and 2006 (interaction) both using ad libitum sampling method during free dives. To determine the age category, the reason between the smaller dolphin s total body length and the bigger dolphin s total body length was calculated. The dolphins were then divided into three age groups: adults, newborns and calves. Those with total body length ≥ 170cm were considered adults, newborns up to 105cm, and calves from 106cm to 128cm. In addition, the secondary characters described in literature were used to identify newborns and calves. The adults had dimensions of total lenght ≥170cm , the newborns until 105cm and calves between 106cm and 128cm. I addition, secondary characteristics described in the literature were used to indentify newborns and calves. The number of spinner dolphin newborns was greater in the month of April and higher during the rainy season. Throughout the months and pluviometric seasons (pluviometer/pluvial metric), the number of calves did not have a significant difference. Concerning to the presence of newborns and calves age groups at Baía dos Golfinhos, there was not a significant difference. It was possible to identify the gender of the escorting adults as (42), 95.24% being females and 4.76% males. Newborns were more frequently seen in the company of two adults, whereas calves were more often accompanied by more than two adults However, there was not a significant difference for the newborns, whereas for the calves there was a significant difference for those classified as loners and those accompanied by more than two adults. When in vertical positioning, the newborns and calves were more frequently observed in inferior position with some difference demonstrated between some of that. While in horizontal positioning both age groups were more often seen in posterior position, also with differences between them. In the depth perspective newborns and calves were positioned anterior, however with significant difference for the calves. The occurrence of a peak of newborns in the months of April may indicate the existence of a birth seasonality pattern for the beginning of the rainy season, with births scattered throughout the year. The results for the positions and escorting of newborns and calves are related to protection and suckling. These conditions reinforce the importance of the area when it comes to the care for offspring, which calls for the creation of conservation rules to the area, especially during those months with greater occurrence of newborns

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Four areas are known as of frequent usage by Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in the south coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, northeast Brazil: Tabatinga, Pipa, Lagoa de Guaraíras and Baia Formosa. This extension of 40 km of shoreline is under increasing anthropogenic impacts due to continuous development of the coastal areas and vessel traffic. The objective of this study was to investigate aspects of population biology and habitat use of the population of Sotalia guianensis in the south coast of Rio Grande do Norte. It was applied the photo-identification technique and posterior methods of capture-recapture for population estimation (POPAN extension in MARK). The distribution, movement and site fidelity of the dolphins were analyzed trough the geographic information system (GIS) and group characteristics and behavior trough non-parametric statistics. Field work was conducted on board a 10m motor vessel from March 2008 to March 2009. Photo-identification effort was 329h with 113h of direct observation of the dolphins. The population estimatives for each area: Tabatinga: 75 (63-92); Pipa 105 (88-129); Lagoa de Guaraíras: 27 (18-54) e Baia Formosa: 112 (89-129) individuals. Total population estimative was: 223 (192 a 297). High site fidelity was detected for only part of the population (<15%) as low site fidelity and transients individuals were also detected (>20%). It was observed frequent movements between Tabatinga, Lagoa de Guaraíras and Pipa, but not Baía Formosa. This suggests a division in two communities along this shore extension: one in Pipa and other in Baía Formosa. Group size was small, most groups with up to 10 dolphins. The areas were use intensively, only in Lagoa de Guaraíras dolphins were not seen in all field trips. Lagoa de Guaraíras is an area used by small groups exclusively for foraging. In Tabatinga and Pipa dolphins concentrated close to the shore, in the inner sector of the area and the main activity is also foraging. Significant larger groups were seen in socializing behavior but there was no difference in group size between the inner and external sectors of the area. The presence of calves and juveniles were significant greater in the inner areas of Tabatinga and Pipa, confirming the hypothesis that these beaches are also used for parental care. In Baia Formosa dolphins concentrated in the outer sector and foraging was also predominant. Significant larger groups were seen in the outer sector, mainly engaged in mixed behaviors of travel/foraging, possibly in some kind of group foraging. Calves and juveniles were significant more present in the outer sector where group size was also larger. In general there was no difference in area usage and period of the day. Sotalia guianensis has characteristics that make the species vulnerable to human activities such as small population concentrated in patches of suitable habitats restrict to coastal areas. We hope that this study bring new information for the species and help for the adequate management of the area in order to assure the presence of the dolphins as well as its behavior pattern and gene flow betweencommunities.

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Several works characterize the presence of spinner dolphins at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago in the Dolphins Bay. Though, the dolphins abidance inside this cove has decreased and a new area has been occupied by the animals to achieve the same behaviors, that are resting, breeding and nursing. This area comprises the Inside Sea northeast border of Fernando s de Noronha Island, including the opposing Middle and Dog shore area, the San Antonio Bay and the Between Islands region. The aim was to characterize the dolphins occupation and describe their interactions with the tourism in this area. Data were collected in 2008 and 2009 through a fixed point observation. The study area was divided into seven sub-areas, recording: presence/absence of dolphins, days abidance endurance, abidance length in each area, estimated number of individuals, dolphins direction and speed of displacement, boats presence, interaction period, monitoring, boats attitude and velocity. The dolphins abidance time displayed the same pattern during both years of study, with the higher occupancy in the Between Islands region. Groups with farther than 200 individuals were more frequent both 2008 (46.2%) and 2009 (42.3%). Thus the displacement s slow speed as the preferred direction towards Rat Island also showed the same pattern in both years. The Between Islands region also presented the boats major abidance near the dolphins groups. Boats moved farther in slow speed (95%) than at high speed (5%). The legislation s compliance for the cetaceans protection occurred in 89.7% of 2.839 interactions between boats and spinners, in which this variable was recorded. Whenever boats moved at a slow speed during the meetings with spinner dolphins groups, animals also moved at a slow speed (n = 337), significantly more than the fast displacements (n = 128) ix or "porpoise" (n = 4) (X2 = 318.543, p = -0.001). When boats quickly passed by groups, a significant difference between the dolphins displacement speeds was observed (X2 = 18.264, p =- 0.001), however, the slow (47%) and fast (47% ) displacements frequency was equal, noted the difference with the porpoise displacements (6%), which had the lowest frequency. Data indicate the establishment of a new occupation pattern of the spinner dolphins at Fernando de Noronha, with the Between Islands area being of great importance to the dolphins habits and currently the main area of the boats meeting with the dolphins, showing the need of new conservation measures in this area

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The dolphins are found in all world s marine environments, except for poles. On Brazil, the major concentration of this animals is on Fernando de Noronha Islands, wich have a tropical climate with two well-defined rainfall seasons: dry and rainy season. The Baía dos Golfinhos, wich is the most crowded piece of dolphins on the archipelago. These research looks for to characterize the circadian rhythms of the spinner dolphin behavior, Stenella longirostris, on the Baía dos Golfinhos occupation, at the Fernando de Noronha islands, Brazil s northeast, according to the fluctuations of environment that they all are inserted. The research was realized daily between 1991 January and 2009 December, with observations from a fixed point up to Mirante dos Golfinhos, located on Baía dos Golfinhos. The data was examined with the PASW Statistics 18 program, up to nonparametric tests, being analyzed on the incoming and out coming time of the spinner dolphins and the relationship with moon phases, the wind incidence, and the rainfall season, the dolphins were inserted. The spinner dolphins diurnal rhythms are influenced by moon phases, the spinner dolphins arrival at Baía dos Golfinhos earlier when it s full moon because of the high luminosity at night cause a bigger food efficiency for these animals. The outgoing time of spinner dolphins didn t show statistic difference between moon phases, despite follows the same pattern for the incoming time. When the spinner dolphins are submitted to bigger wind incidence conditions around the archipelago, the dolphins come early to the Baía dos Golfinhos, since that one is protected from wind that reaches Fernando de Noronha, the spinner dolphins tends to arrive later and leave earlier of the bay because the rain may cause adverse conditions for your rest.