Modelagem matemática para a dispersão de fungos fitopatogênicos via autômatos celulares

Brazil is a major world producer and exporter of agricultural products like soybeans, sugar, coffee, orange and tobacoo. However, the action of phytopathogenic fungi has been one of the largest challenges encountered in the field as they are responsible for approximately 25 to 50 per cent of losses in crops of fruits and vegetables. The presence of these pathogens is always a problem, because the damage on the tissues and organs promote lesions which decreses growth vegetation and often leads the individual (host) to death. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the process of spreading of these pathogens in the field to develop strategies which prevent the epidemics caused by them. In this study, the dispersal of fungi phytopathogenic in the field was modeled using the automata cellular formalism. The growth rate of infected plants population was measured by the radius of gyration and the influence of host different susceptibility degrees into the disease spread was assessed. The spatial anisotropy related to the plant-to-plant space and the system’s response to distinct seasonal patterns were also evaluated. The results obtained by a mean field model (spatially implicit models) emphasized the importance of the spatial structure on the spreading process, and dispersal patterns obtained by simulation (using a cellular automata) were in agreement with thse observed in data. All computational implementation was held in language Cl

Ajuste do modelo QUAL2K e simulação de cenários para o Ribeirão Claro

The project has as objective to adjust the model QUAL2K to “Ribeirão Claro” river to evaluate the behavior of OD and DBO when are simulated the following sceneries: (i) implantation of a hypothetic wastewater station treatment that treats all the effluent thrown nowadays in the body of water; (ii) increase of withdrawal flow of DAAE to public supply and (iii) increase of nowadays flow of wastewater throwing, being the two last caused for the population increasing. The results obtained allowed to conclude that the model QUAL2K presented a good adjustment to the variable OD and a reasonable adjustment to the variable DBO, being that the same was suitable to the simulation of the sceneries proposed.

Modelagem do transporte de sedimentos na alta Bacia do Córrego Cachoeirinha (Rio Claro, SP) através do software Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

This study aimed to simulate and evaluate the sediment transport in Upper Basin Stream Cachoeirinha in Rio Claro, SP, and compare the results with previous studies performed in the same basin. The modeling software used in this study was Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which is a very comprehensive tool that discusses many physical processes. In this work, the hydrosedimentological processes were treated, aiming to understand the sediment production and transport. The Basin Stream Cachoeirinha has an area with predominantly agricultural use, especially sugar cane. The database for inclusion in software was constructed from the following elements: climatic, topographical, soil type and use and land cover of the area, also including the parameters of Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE). The analysis was conducted for a period of 16 years (1994-2010), which is the range of data available from CEAPLA. The results were analyzed in terms of annual runoff and sediment yield. The average sediment delivery in the simulation was 0.94 t/ha/year, while the maximum annual contribution was 7.28 t/ha/year

Modelagem e avaliação de um sistema de refrigeração por absorção para residências e instalações de pequeno porte

This work presents a study of the absorption refrigeration system and the modeling and evaluation of two cycles using the binary solutions water-lithium bromide and ammonia-water for an equipment to be used in small size plants like residences. The study and evaluation aims the complete understanding of all parts of the system and the influence of each one of them as well as the spread of the knowledge to raise the use of this type of equipment in all sizes in order to decrease the energetic consumption of plants of all scales and making viable the alternative sources. The study is done in each element of the cycle separately and in some auxiliary equipments required in the operation such as the main power source, the solar collector. The software used for modeling, with emphasis on thermal part, was the EES (Engineering Equation Solver), that permitted the thermal balance calculus and acquisition of the used fluids properties. The results obtained for the equipment shows the system is more complex than the widely used in business, however, it can be viable and represents an alternative to increase the energetic efficiency

Uso do modelo de simulação 'ABC 6' para avaliação de áreas sujeitas à ocorrência de ondas de cheia e corridas de massa/detritos: estudo de caso na bacia do Ribeirão da Prata (SP)

Pipelines are linear engineering works, designed mostly for transporting oil and its derivatives for long distances, furnishing even the farthermost zones of the country. Due to oil sector needs to ensure for the safety and conservation of its properties, several geotechnical studies are being held at the pipelines field, in order to preserve this important transportation, and also to prevent accidents, which might seriously compromise the environment and the population who lives around it. The OSBRA pipeline, who connects the city of Paulínia to the capital Brasília, is one of these engineering works that deserves to be pointed out. This research, performed at the Ribeirão da Prata Basin, was a pilot study conducted with the main objective of testing the current methodology efficiency, for future applications in the closest watersheds to the OSBRA pipeline. The objective of this research is to analyze flood wave and debris flow processes in a non-fictional watershed, by comparing two different kinds of methods: the first one based on simulation models (software ‘ABC 6’), and the other one by flood wave and debris flow susceptibility mapping. The results from the hydrological modeling were both hydrographs and ietographs that estimated values of outputs and infiltration. To construct the susceptibility maps were necessary three other maps: ground use and occupation maps, divided according to the different protection degrees that were offered to the ground; maps of dam locations in the area and physiographic compartimentation maps, divided according to the local geology. To complete the methodology, the results were collected from both methods for comparison. The obtained product for this methodology was series of data whose different susceptibility degrees to flood wave and debris flow could define the safest route for a pipeline crossing in this watershed...

Simulação numérica de fluxo de águas subterrâneas na fazenda Cara Preta - Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP

The term model refers to any representation of a real system. The use of models in Hydrogeology can be valuable predictive tools for management of groundwater resources. The numeric models of groundwater flow, object of this study, consist on a set of differential equations that describe the water flow in the porous medium. In this context, numeric simulations were made for a sub-basin located at Cara Preta farm – Santa Rita do Passa Quatro – SP. The aquifer at the local is composed by rocks of Pirambóia Formation, which is part of Guarani Aquifer System. It was developed a conceptual model from previous studies in the area, and from that, simulations were made through the software Visual Modflow®. The conceptual model established previously was considered consistent through the results of simulation.

Modelagem em 3D de uma patela humana e análise de esforços utilizando o método dos elementos finitos

Throughout the history of medicine surgeons realized the importance of the patella to the functioning of the knee. The main function of the patella is to increase the mechanical efficiency of the quadriceps tendon and knee extensor mechanism. It was found that 50% to 80% of the fractures without deviation of the patella have the transversal pattern, possibly due to excessive tensile forces applied to the extensor mechanism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the loads to which a patella is submitted during a normal extension movement of knee. This analysis will be done by modeling a 3D patella and subsequent load simulation as, described in medical literature, using the finite element method

Modelagem matemática aplicada a precificação de opções

The mathematical models are critical to determine theoretical prices of options and analyze whether they are overrated or underrated. This information strongly influence in operations carried out by the investor. Therefore, it is necessary that the employee model present high degree of reliability and be consistent with the reality of investment to which it is intended. In this sense, this dissertation aims to apply the steps of mathematical modeling in the Pricing of options for decision making in the investment of a hydroelectric power plant. Was used a Monte Carlo simulation, with the Latin Hypercube Method, to determine the volatility of returns of the project. In order to validate the proposed model, compared to the results found by the Binomial Model, which is one of the models most used in this type of investment. The results reinforce the hypothesis that the mathematical modeling with the Binomial Model is critical to investment decision-making in hydroelectric power

Análise da demanda de fertilizantes no Brasil: um estudo econométrico através da modelagem arima

A simulação de tendências futuras no setor de fertilizantes encaminha o produtor rural a prevenir-se de bruscas variações de preços, possibilitando maior poder de concorrência no cenário internacional. Para tanto, propõe-se a utilização da metodologia ARIMA para se estimar a demanda do consumo de fertilizantes no Brasil. Primeiramente revisitando a literatura especializada, obtendo informações históricas relevantes, além de avaliar as vicissitudes do cenário atual. A segunda parte introduz os conceitos da metodologia ARIMA , e encerrando com a apresentação dos dados e análises estatísticas da previsão 2012 à 2016

Modelagem do crescimento, maturação sexual e produção de ovos como ferramenta para estimar as exigências nutricionais de matrizes pesadas

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Utilização da modelagem sistêmica para analisar o efeito da variação climática no parâmetro produtividade da água na laranja Natal (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) no Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Aplicação da modelagem matemática no estudo de funções: uma proposta de atividade para as Escolas de Tempo Integral (ETI)

Pós-graduação em Matemática em Rede Nacional - IBILCE

Modelagem do aporte de sedimentos aplicada à bacia hidrográfica contribuinte da PCH Costa Rica (MS) e proposta de mitigação do assoreamento

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Simulação numérica de fluxo de águas subterrâneas na bacia do Rio Corrente (BA)

The numeric simulation is an important tool applied in understanding the dynamics of groundwater flow. In a hydrogeological model the processes responsible for groundwater flow are described by numerical formulations that allow the simplification, representation and understanding of the dynamics of the Aquifer System. In this work, a steady state groundwater flow simulation of Urucuia Aquifer System (UAS) part of the Corrente river basin was conducted, using the finite element method through software FEFLOW, to understand the dynamics of groundwater flow and quantify the hydrologic balance. The aquifer system Urucuia lodges in the São Francisco hydrogeological province and corresponds to a set of interconnected aquifers that occur in rocks from Urucuia group in the Urucuia sub-basin described by Campos e Dardenne (1997). The system is a porous media one, in a shape of a thick table mountain, consisting essentially of sandstones. The Corrente river basin is located in UAS in Western State of Bahia and it's one of the main units to maintaining permanent flow (Q95) and average natural flow of the São Francisco river. The simulation performed in this work obtained the following results for the modelled region: horizontal hydraulic conductivity of 3 x 10-4 m/s and vertical one 6 x 10-5 m/s; maximum recharge of 345 mm and minimum of 85 mm/a. It was concluded that: (1) regional groundwater flow has eastbound; with an exception of the extreme northeast portion, where the flow has opposite direction; (2) there are smaller water side dividers with an approximate direction EW, that guide the flow of water to the drainage that cut the aquifer; and (3) the UAS at Corrente river basin can be understood as a free regional aquifer system, isotropic and homogeneous. Regionally, the small lithological variations present in the Urucuia group can be neglected and do not exhibit significant influences on the dynamics of ground water flow

Simulação numérica de fluxo de águas subterrâneas do aquífero Rio Claro, na região do campus da UNESP - Rio Claro, SP

The water management in any area is highly important to the success of many business and also of life and the understanding of your relationship with the environment brings better control to its demand. I.e. hydrogeological studies are needed under better understanding of the behavior of an aquifer, so that its management is done so as not to deplete or harm it. The objective of this work is the numerical modeling in transient regime of a portion of the Rio Claro aquifer formation in order to get answers about its hydrogeological parameters, its main flow direction and also its most sensitive parameters. A literature review and conceptual characterization of the aquifer, combined with field campaigns and monitoring of local water level (NA), enabled the subsequent construction of the mathematical model by finite elements method, using the FEFLOW 6.1 ® computational algorithm. The study site includes the campus of UNESP and residential and industrial areas of Rio Claro city. Its area of 9.73 km ² was divided into 318040 triangular elements spread over six layers, totaling a volume of 0.25 km³. The local topography and geological contacts were obtained from previous geological and geophysical studies as well as profiles of campus wells and SIAGAS / CPRM system. The seven monitoring wells on campus were set up as observation points for calibration and checking of the simulation results. Sampling and characterization of Rio Claro sandstones shows up a high hydrological and lithological heterogeneity for the aquifer formation. The simulation results indicate values of hydraulic conductivity between 10-6 and 10-4 m / s, getting the Recharge/Rainfall simulation in transient ratio at 13%. Even with the simplifications imposed on the model, it was able to represent the fluctuations of local NA over a year of monitoring. The result was the exit of 3774770 m³ of water and the consequently NA fall. The model is considered representative for the...