Universal quantum computation and simulation using any entangling Hamiltonian and local unitaries

What interactions are sufficient to simulate arbitrary quantum dynamics in a composite quantum system? We provide an efficient algorithm to simulate any desired two-body Hamiltonian evolution using any fixed two-body entangling n-qubit Hamiltonian and local unitary operations. It follows that universal quantum computation can be performed using any entangling interaction and local unitary operations.

Immunological response mounted by Aboriginal Australians living in the Northern Territory of Australia against Streptococcus pyogenes serum opacity factor

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) interacts with host fibronectin via a number of distinct surface components. The streptococcal serum opacity factor (SOF) is a cell-surface protein of S. pyogenes which opalescence of human serum and mediates bacterial binding to fibronectin. In this study, hexahistidyl-tagged fusion proteins encompassing full-length SOF, and domains of SOF encompassing opacity factor activity and fibronectin-binding regions, were used in the characterization of the Aboriginal immune response to SOF. Anti-SOF serum IgG responses were found to be significantly higher (P

Cleaner fish drives local fish diversity on coral reefs

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse habitats in the world [1], yet our understanding of the processes affecting their biodiversity is limited [1-3]. At the local scale, cleaner fish are thought to have a disproportionate effect, in relation to their abundance and size, on the activity of many other fish species, but confirmation of this species' effect on local fish diversity has proved elusive. The cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus has major effects on fish activity patterns [4] and may indirectly affect fish demography through the removal of large numbers of parasites [5, 6]. Here we show that small reefs where L. dimidiatus had been experimentally excluded for 18 months had half the species diversity of fish and one-fourth the abundance of individuals. Only fish that move among reefs, however, were affected. These fish include large species that themselves can affect other reef organisms [2, 7]. In contrast, the distribution of resident fish was not affected by cleaner fish. Thus, many fish appear to choose reefs based on the presence of cleaner fish. Our findings indicate that a single small [8] and not very abundant [9] fish has a strong influence on the movement patterns, habitat choice, activity, and local diversity and abundance of a wide variety of reef fish species.

Divorce, dispersal and incest avoidance in the cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus

1. Between 1988 and 2001, we studied social relationships in the superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus (Latham), a cooperative breeder with male helpers in which extra-group fertilizations are more common than within-pair fertilizations. 2. Unlike other fairy-wren species, females never bred on their natal territory. First-year females dispersed either directly from their natal territory to a breeding vacancy or to a foreign 'staging-post' territory where they spent their first winter as a subordinate. Females dispersing to a foreign territory settled in larger groups. Females on foreign territories inherited the territory if the dominant female died, and were sometimes able to split the territory into two by pairing with a helper male. However, most dispersed again to obtain a vacancy. 3. Females dispersing from a staging post usually gained a neighbouring vacancy, but females gaining a vacancy directly from their natal territory travelled further, perhaps to avoid pairing or mating with related males. 4. Females frequently divorced their partner, although the majority of relationships were terminated by the death of one of the pair. If death did not intervene, one-third of pairings were terminated by female-initiated divorce within 1000 days. 5. Three divorce syndromes were recognized. First, females that failed to obtain a preferred territory moved to territories with more helpers. Secondly, females that became paired to their sons when their partner died usually divorced away from them. Thirdly, females that have been in a long relationship divorce once a son has gained the senior helper position. 6. Dispersal to avoid pairing with sons is consistent with incest avoidance. However, there may be two additional benefits. Mothers do not mate with their sons, so dispersal by the mother liberates her sons to compete for within-group matings. Further, divorcing once their son has become a breeder or a senior helper allows the female to start sons in a queue for dominance on another territory. Females that do not take this option face constraints on their ability to recruit more sons into the local neighbourhood.

On continuous selection problems for multivalued mappings with the local intersection property in hyperconvex metric spaces

In the paper we present two continuous selection theorems in hyperconvex metric spaces and apply these to study xed point and coincidence point problems as well as variational inequality problems in hyperconvex metric spaces.

An evaluation of participatory planning at Mapoon Aboriginal community: Opportunities for inclusive local governance

The Queensland Government is increasingly using participatory planning as a means to improve infrastructure and service delivery to Indigenous settlements. In addition to technical and economic goals, participatory planning practice seeks also to achieve social development goals, including empowerment, capacity building, community control and ownership. This article presents the findings of an evaluation of one such planning project, conducted at Old Mapoon in 1995. Despite various efforts to follow participatory processes, the plan had mixed success in achieving social development goals. This suggests some misunderstandings between the practice of participatory planning and the workings of local governance. It also presents some opportunities for participatory planning methods to be integrated with more inclusive forms of governance.

Local colours for Indonesian National police

As a result of the local autonomy program that commenced in Indonesia in Jan 2001, there is a concern regarding the applicability of the formalized model of security & the possibility of that being replaced by a local community-based security model. This rather informal security model is then promoted to be the only form of security used between societies & the nation. However, this model does not solve the problem because of widespread corruption, collusion, & nepotism, & the many limitations of the Indonesian National Police (Polri), a police department that has a mediocre & generalized level of service. In relation to autonomy, the effort of empowering the police units from the regional police down will bridge the gap between the people's ability to protect themselves & the limitations of those that are sworn to uphold the law. 17 References. Adapted from the source document.

Translating policy: Power and action in Australia's country towns

Controversies In its present condition, rural Australia is characterised by a discourse of decline that sees country towns and regions as places of demoralisation and despair. From a Foucauldian governmentality perspective, those who live in these spaces are not so much 'powerless' to the demands of urban-based governments and global capital, as rendered governable according to the socio-political ambitions of late capitalism. While important insights have been derived from such analyses, it is argued in this paper that excessive attention is often paid to the power of the state with little concern for the various ways in which local people engage with, and transform the strategies and effects of state power. Rather than utilising the concept of resistance to make sense of these interactions, a sociology of translation is adopted from the Actor Network Theory literature. Applied to two case examples, it shows how governmental policies and programmes are frequently the outcome of the interactions and negotiations that take place between all those enrolled in the actor-network.

'Localizing the national' - The rediscovery and reshaping of local campaigning in Australia

Pippa Norris provides a schematic account of the evolution of campaigning through premodern, modern and postmodern stages. In particular she points to an emerging postmodern phase of electioneering characterized by a renewed emphasis upon direct forms of engagement which resonate with an earlier period in which campaigns were locally fought and largely dependent upon the canvassing efforts of party workers and volunteers. Norris's analysis offers a useful prism with which to view recent developments in electioneering in Australia. In the past several elections the rival Labor and Liberal parties have attempted to achieve a synergy between their centrally conducted and constituency-level campaigns by ensuring that their national campaigns are locally relevant and address local concerns. Their efforts to 'localize the national' meld the use of sophisticated software with elements of a traditional 'meet and greet' politics and suggest that local campaigning may now have a new shape and importance.

Leitura compartilhada de livros em local de trabalho

Este projeto refere-se ao desenvolvimento de um programa de leitura no local de trabalho, desenvolvido pela Assessoria de Planejamento e Gest??o da ECT - RJ. O programa se destina aos funcion??rios da Assessoria, mas ?? aberto a todos, sem o sentido de obrigatoriedade. Tem como finalidade desenvolver a compet??ncia profissional da equipe e a cultura do planejamento de m??dio e longo prazos, visando a obten????o de informa????es e subs??dios para a melhoria do desempenho da Diretoria Regional

Territórios ocupados : uma abordagem geográfica do conflito israelo-palestino através dos quadrinhos de Joe Sacco

O estudo trata da dimensão territorial do conflito israelo-palestino a partir do jornalismo em quadrinhos produzidos por Joe Sacco. Para isso, procura, preliminarmente, desenvolver uma abordagem da representação espacial nos quadrinhos através de sua linguagem visual e textual, que evidencia uma percepção espacial e expressa um conjunto de significados a partir das ações que unem os personagens ao lugar. A partir desse quadro de interpretação, o presente estudo focaliza, através da análise das obras de Joe Sacco, o conflito árabe-israelense para entender os territórios palestinos ocupados como um volume político que retrata a perda de soberania política dos palestinos em sentido amplo. Esse enfoque se volta para uma reflexão a respeito do dia a dia dos palestinos através dos quadrinhos considerando o cotidiano da ocupação e sua dimensão espacial (ou seja, um conteúdo que remete ao território, uma vez que apresenta todo um conjunto de significados que evocam um sentido territorial). Assim, a pesquisa objetiva entender os territórios palestinos ocupados, procurando evidenciar em que medida os quadrinhos de Joe Sacco disponibilizam elementos para a pesquisa em Geografia, na medida em que expressam, sugere-se, uma geograficidade. Tal enfoque, que recorre ao escopo conceitual da Geografia – e notadamente ao conceito de território e seus múltiplos –, mediatizando-os através do recurso às obras de Joe Sacco, possibilita, sugere-se, um ângulo de abordagem peculiar sobre o território em locais de conflito, na medida em que, através dele, torna-se possível observar as formas de controle e precarização territorial dos palestinos em sua formação espaço-territorial.

Metodologia de representação identitária do patrimônio territorial : a água como elemento de identidade em Linhares/ES

Apresenta primeiramente o conceito de desenvolvimento local autossustentável dentro do enfoque territorialista. Mostra também o conceito de patrimônio territorial e o de representação identitária do território como instrumento de preservação do patrimônio, neste caso o territorial. O enfoque territorialista é adotado como base teórica para a construção do roteiro metodológico de representação identitária do território com vistas à preservação do patrimônio tendo como objeto empírico o município de Linhares/ES, que passa por um processo de intenso desenvolvimento de seu território e que apresenta um rico patrimônio, no que diz respeito aos recursos naturais, em especial o hídrico. Nos últimos anos tem-se registrado um crescimento forte dos instrumentos disponíveis para a produção de imagens do território, neste caso o uso da tecnologia de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas. Por meio deste recurso, adotado na Escola Territorialista Italiana, representa-se o patrimônio que constitui o território municipal, tendo como produtos finais o Atlas do patrimônio territorial no município de Linhares/ES e o Roteiro metodológico de representação identitária do patrimônio territorial.

Fluxos globais e intra-urbanos : subsídios para seu planejamento em Vitória

One is about a study of the interactions and conflicts between the distinct scales of the flows of the global production and urban mobility on the territory of the city, particularly of Vitória, Espírito Santo. From this analysis of the consequences of the new technologies of the information, of the communication and the transports on the economic and humans relations, if it considers the study of the characteristics of the two layers that act on the territory. Of the scale of the global production, the impacts of the great corporations, its physical nets and its force had been considered as territorial agent in the creation and sponsorship of plans. In the analysis of the place, the intra-urban movements of human displacements e had been considered, mainly the reasons of the trips. From the overlapping of the above-mentioned layers if it looked for to observe the interactions, conflicts and synergies between the layers the intervention in the flows demand of a coherent planning of the atract regions of trips, so that areas with infrastructure lack and services of public transport are not overloaded. Finally, as objective generality, generate with the basis in the interactions found in the overlapping, a list of subsidies for the planning of the urban flows.