Ensino de operantes verbais e requisitos para ensino por tentativas discretas em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Perfil clínico de crianças com indicação da cirurgia das tonsilas em um hospital terciário universitário

The indications for adenotonsillectomy in pediatric patients have changed considerably during the 90th decade. Local or systemic complications of the adenoid or tonsil hypertrophy itself have now been substituted by signs of obstructive ventilatory disturbances, including obstructive sleep apnea as the major indications for surgery. Objective: This study analyses the clinical profile of children submitted to adenotonsilectomy in their pre and postoperative state, at Botucatu Medical School-State University São Paulo, UNESP. Methods: 332 children of both genders, aged 1 to 12 years, who underwent adenotonsillectomy between 1999 and 2004, were studied, focused on epidemiological profile, pre and postoperative (1 month) symptoms, obtained from medical records. Height and weight were compared to brazilian normal age related values. Results: We found a predominance of the male gender, except in he group aged from 10 to 12 years. Considering wheight and height, we found important failure to thrive, mostly for height deficit. Among clinical aspects, we found a significant reduction in obstructive symptoms like snoring or apneia (p<0001) in the postoperative period. Conclusion: Our results were similar to the literature findings of patients clinical profile. The major indication for adenotonsillectomy in our service was clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea.

Tratamento compensatorio da má oclusnao de classe lll: revisão de literatura

Class III malocclusion is less common occlusal relationship, covering less than 5% of the population. There are various forms of treatment in Class III malocclusion. Depending on how the form is expressed Class III and age of the patient, the therapy may be orthopedic and orthodontic surgical orthodontics. The objective was to review the literature of the last 10 years about ways to compensatory treatment of Class III malocclusion. Several articles were published between 04/2003 and 04/2013 in the Pubmed database from the keyword "Class III malocclusion". However, only 19 articles that addressed the compensatory treatment of Class III were selected. Based on the selected items it was concluded that the treatment of Class III malocclusions in children before the peak of pubertal growth has better prognosis with greater effects orthopedic and orthodontic minor effects. The ideal treatment option for this condition is the Rapid maxillary expansion associated with maxillary protraction of the same. The treatment of Class III malocclusion in young people after the peak of pubertal growth is doubtful prognosis. You can opt to treat rapid maxillary expansion and maxillary protraction of the same or fixed appliance, however, orthopedic effects can be the same or smaller than the orthodontic effects, depending on the age of the patient. Depending on the degree of Class III malocclusion in adults, the treatment will consist of dental compensations or orthognathic surgery.

Análise de dados sobre crianças com excesso de peso com auxílio de recursos computacionais

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

Material didático para alunos surdos: a literatura infantil em Libras

The storytelling is central to the early literacy of children, part of the objectives for the entire kindergarten. The story circle or storytelling is important and helpful in cognitive and emotional development of children, including the ones with disabilities. Seeking communicational accessibility, the aim of this work is to make the book "O Penuginha" by Luiz Vitor Martinello available in LIBRAS (Brazilian Sign Language). To facilitate the achievement of this objective, it was considered appropriate to develop a descriptive study following the methodology of qualitative research, to search for literature on how learning takes place in the Portuguese language by deaf students. This study resulted in a DVD with video recordings, the translation of the book "O Penuginha" in LIBRAS and the narration of the book in Portuguese. Therefore, this research is relevant because the paradigm of the twenty first century is the inclusion of all people in different scenarios and the school is one of the first places where the removal of barriers is essential.

Contexto, objetividade e sensacionalismo na cobertura jornalística de direitos de crianças e adolescentes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Encoprese e intervenção psicológica: revisão de literatura

Studies have shown that encopresis, related to bowel control disorder, can bring significant impact for the individual life, such as low self-esteem and deficits in social interaction. Despite the significant impairment recognized that this disorder can have on child development, the scientific literature has given little attention to the theme, with a low number of publications on the subject. Thus, this paper investigated Brazilian publications in psychology related to encopresis between 1994 and 2013 in data base Lilacs and Scielo. 231 articles were found and were selected those that reported only intervention in encopresis. There were five articles and four published by the same journal and described behavioral interventions, and one author wrote three. The other one was psychoanalytic. The surveys were conducted with children and adolescents and behavioral interventions have been successful with remission of encopresis symptoms. The data affirm the deficiency in publications in the area and possibly limited number of psychologists investigating the issue, which is of significant importance.

Autismo: aspectos cognitivos, educacionais e neurobiológicos com base na análise dos livros Mundo singular: entenda o autismo e o Os gatos nunca mentem sobre o amor e na literatura especializada

The autism is a severe mental illness that involves psychological, social, educational and neurobiological aspects. The Education plays an important role in recovering, preserving and increasing the cognitive task of people with autism. There are several ways to observe a person with autism. Through the studying of cases, it is also possible to address issues of everyday life of the person with the illness, its cognitive issues and its obstacles of psychosocial involvement, as well as psychological aspects such as illness acknowledgement. Through specialized literature, it is possible to identify characteristics referring to the learning process and neurobiological components involved in the condition, such as brain activity disorder and genetic factors. The objectives of this paper are: from the analysis of two books: Unique World: comprehend the Autism (SILVA, A. B. B; GAIATO, M.B; REVELES, L.T) and The cats never lie about love (DILLON, J.), it is intended to describe cognitive and psychosocial aspects of the autism. Based on the specialized literature, the goal is to identify cognitive and neurobiological components in the illness. The methods that were used: analysis of the books Unique World: comprehend the Autism and The cats never lie about love to describe psychosocial and educational aspects of the autism; analysis of the specialized literature to identify clinical and neurobiological components of the illness, such as changes in brain activity, genetic factors or clinical evolution; and also details of the Education role in preserving the person with autism and his cognitive and emotional development. The study had the documentary research as reference for the methodological design, including book analysis and research in specialized literature. It is intended to deepen discussions about the Education roles related to the cognitive and neurobiological aspects of the autism

As crianças protagonistas dos contos de fadas dos Irmãos Grimm

The origins of the fairy tales are lost in the past but these tales are, even today, great teaching instruments because they relate to language development, creativity, social relations, and especially with the internalization of values and behavior patterns. According to Bettelheim (1980), fairy tales assure the children that the difficulties can be overcome, no matter how insignificant they feel. In this sense, these tales are power tools. We understand that fairy tales - and their characters - have the power to influence their readers/listeners. Therefore, this study considered four fairy tales in which the protagonists are children and remain as children all though the narratives: Little Red Riding Hood, Hansel and Gretel Snow White and Rose Red and Thumbling, from Grimm Tales, translated into Portuguese by David Jardim Junior and published in 2008 by Itatiaia. We sought investigate how the children characters of these stories act, leveraging a reflection grounded on the image of children that emerge from the selected tales - images that have been registered in the first decades of the nineteenth century by the Brothers Grimm in their Children's and Household Tales - enabling the identification of the kinds of behavior that they perform and the values they embody, thus contributing to a better understanding of the models that these characters offer to the twenty-first century's children. Our research has a qualitative approach of bibliographic nature, mainly grounded in the ideas of Bettelheim (1980) and Ariès (1981). We found that there is a shortage of studies on the tales collected/maintained by the Brothers Grimm, although these stories have become classics of universal children's literature and continue, cradling the imagination of Western children in the twenty-first century. We also verified that there are very few studies exploring the representation of children in fairy tales and children's literature...

Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) e literatura, uma aposta notável

The aim of this study was to develop a qualitative research of bibliographic nature, in order to verify how has been the use of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and literary reading in early childhood education.. It is believed to be necessary for children, since their early childhood, to, be in contact with various literary works of aesthetic value, which will enable them to understand this particular literary language - and the imagery that comes with it - what can instigate appreciate literature and get the reading habit. The use of ICTs by children beyond the use of games and watching stories on computers, tablets and smartphones, for example, for the production of videos and slides or creating stories, enable new experiences of redesigning and construction of knowledge and culture. The idea for this research came from reading the numerous texts that deal with the need to understand the child as an active subject in the construction of culture and society, rather than as receiving reproductive and cultural orders (CRIANÇAS, 2012). In this sense, in addition to the newsletters Equity For Children: Latin America (CRIANÇAS, 2012), the understanding of childhood and child in the works of Walter O. Kohan (2005; 2006) supports this study. This research proposal was also based on authors and documents that point to the need to promote, since the first stages of Basic Education, the literary reading as a means of enjoyment and emancipation (LAJOLO 2001a; Barthes, 2007; FILIPOUSKY, 2009; BRAZIL, 2010; MACHADO, 2011; VASQUES, 2013), and an education connected to the technological advances of the twenty-first century (BRAZIL, 1997, CHAVES, 1998; DEMO, 2008)

Desenvolvimento da memória em crianças pré-escolares por meio de atividades literárias: contribuições da Teoria Histórico-Cultural

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação da qualidade de vida em crianças com implante coclear: revisão sistemática

The use of cochlear implant (CI) in children enables the development of listening and communication skills, allowing the child's progress in school and to be able to obtain, maintain and carry out an occupation. However, the progress after the CI has different results in some children, because many children are able to interact and participate in society, while others develop limited ability to communicate verbally. The need for a better understanding of CI outcomes, besides hearing and language benefits, has spurred the inclusion of quality of life measurements (QOL) to assess the impact of this technology. OBJECTIVE: Identify the key aspects of quality of life assessed in children with cochlear implant. METHOD: Through a systematic literature review, we considered publications from the period of 2000 to 2011. CONCLUSION: We concluded that QOL measurements in children include several concepts and methodologies. When referring to children using CI, results showed the challenges in broadly conceptualizing which quality of life domains are important to the child and how these areas can evolve during development, considering the wide variety of instruments and aspects evaluated.

Pancreatite aguda em pediatria: revisão sistemática da literatura

OBJETIVO: Descrever os principais aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos e do tratamento de crianças com pancreatite aguda. FONTES DOS DADOS: Realizada revisão sistemática das bases de dados MEDLINE e SciELO nos últimos 5 anos sobre pancreatite aguda em crianças, bem como consultadas referências relevantes dos textos obtidos. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Os casos de pancreatite aguda em crianças recebem crescente atenção nos últimos anos, sendo verificado um aumento na incidência da doença em diversos estudos. As principais etiologias em crianças envolvem doença biliar, pancreatite secundária a medicamentos, pancreatite hereditária recorrente e trauma, sendo até 30% dos casos sem etiologia definida. O diagnóstico baseia-se na combinação de aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais com elevação das enzimas acinares e testes radiológicos. Tratamento de suporte inicial, com reposição volêmica adequada e correção dos distúrbios metabólicos, além de terapêutica nutricional específica, são os pontos fundamentais no manejo dos quadros agudos. Complicações a longo prazo são incomuns, e as taxas de mortalidade, inferiores às da população adulta. CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico precoce e o manejo apropriado podem contribuir para a melhor evolução da criança com pancreatite e prevenir as complicações imediatas e tardias relacionadas à doença. Mais estudos são necessários para melhor elucidar aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico clínico e radiológico da pancreatite em crianças, bem como aspectos da terapêutica nutricional nessa faixa etária.

Variação do diâmetro da artéria braquial em crianças obesas: presente e futuro

OBJETIVO: Revisão da literatura acerca do uso da medida da variação do diâmetro da artéria braquial por ultrassonografia de alta resolução (dilatação mediada por fluxo) como preditor de risco para doença cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes obesos. FONTES DE DADOS: Levantamento de publicações indexadas no Medline/PubMed de trabalhos publicados entre 2002 e 2011, rastreadas com a combinação dos descritores: "endothelium", "child", "ultrasonography" e "obesity", além de estudos e textos clássicos sobre o tema. Foram encontradas 54 publicações e 32 delas foram incluídas na presente revisão do tema. SINTESE DOS DADOS: O estudo da disfunção endotelial tem sido empregado como preditor de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, tais como aterosclerose e doença cardíaca coronariana, visto que a lesão endotelial é um importante evento na fisiopatologia de tais doenças. CONCLUSÕES: A dilatação mediada por fluxo da artéria braquial mostra-se importante como ferramenta diagnóstica e prognóstica na avaliação da função endotelial de crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso por ser um método não invasivo, com boa aplicabilidade quanto ao custo, à inocuidade e ao benefício.

Qualidades psicométricas do Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades: revisão da literatura

O Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) é um instrumento amplamente pesquisado, de uso livre, que visa avaliar a saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes. Dada a relevância do uso de instrumentos aferidos para a avaliação de indicadores de saúde mental, este trabalho objetivou analisar a produção científica relacionada às propriedades psicométricas do Questionário. Procedeu-se a um levantamento bibliográfico de estudos indexados nas bases de dados MedLine, PsycINFO e Lilacs, a partir da publicação original do instrumento, abrangendo o período de 1997 a 2010, utilizando-se as seguintes palavraschave: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and psychometric properties; e Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and validity or reliability. Foram selecionados e analisados 51 estudos psicométricos. Os resultados indicaram índices positivos de validade e fidedignidade em 21 países, incluindo o Brasil, caracterizando seu alcance transcultural e sua aplicabilidade na área de saúde mental infanto-juvenil .