Stability Of Adhesion Clusters And Cell Reorientation Under Lateral Cyclic Tension

This work is motivated by experimental observations that cells on stretched substrate exhibit different responses to static and dynamic loads. A model of focal adhesion that can consider the mechanics of stress fiber, adhesion bonds, and substrate was developed at the molecular level by treating the focal adhesion as an adhesion cluster. The stability of the cluster under dynamic load was studied by applying cyclic external strain on the substrate. We show that a threshold value of external strain amplitude exists beyond which the adhesion cluster disrupts quickly. In addition, our results show that the adhesion cluster is prone to losing stability under high-frequency loading, because the receptors and ligands cannot get enough contact time to form bonds due to the high-speed deformation of the substrate. At the same time, the viscoelastic stress fiber becomes rigid at high frequency, which leads to significant deformation of the bonds. Furthermore, we find that the stiffness and relaxation time of stress fibers play important roles in the stability of the adhesion cluster. The essence of this work is to connect the dynamics of the adhesion bonds (molecular level) with the cell's behavior during reorientation (cell level) through the mechanics of stress fiber. The predictions of the cluster model are consistent with experimental observations.

Ocean currents-induced pipeline lateral stability on sandy seabed

Unlike previous mechanical actuator loading methods, in this study, a hydrodynamic loading method was employed in a flow flume for simulating ocean currents induced submarine pipeline stability on a sandy seabed. It has been observed that, in the process of pipeline losing lateral stability in currents, there usually exist three characteristic times: (1) onset of sand scour; (2) slight lateral displacement of pipeline; and (3) breakout of pipeline. An empirical linear relationship is established between the dimensionless submerged weight of pipeline and Froude number for describing pipeline lateral stability in currents, in which the current-pipe-soil coupling effects are reflected. Scale effects are examined with the method of "modeling of models," and the sand particle size effects on pipeline stability are also discussed. Moreover, the pipeline stability in currents is compared with that in waves, which indicates that the pipeline laid directly upon the sandy seabed is more laterally stable in currents than in waves.

Centrifuge modeling of suction bucket foundations for platforms under ice-sheet-induced cyclic lateral loadings

This paper presents the results of a series of centrifuge model tests performed to study the behavior of suction bucket foundations for a tension leg platform in the Bohai Bay, China. The target lateral loadings were from ice-sheet-induced structural vibrations at a frequency of 0.8-1.0 Hz. The results indicate that excess pore water pressures reach the highest values within a depth of 1.0-1.5 in below the mud line. The pore pressures and the induced settlement and lateral displacement increase with the amplitude of the cyclic loading. Two failure modes were observed: liquefaction in early excitations and settlement-induced problems after long-term excitations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluación de las técnicas quirúrgicas medial VS la técnica lateral en ovariohisterectomía en la especie canina en el municipio de Camoapa, 2014.

El presente trabajo de investigación fue realizado en la ciudad de Camoapa, municipio del Departamento de Boaco, Republica de Nicaragua; el mismo que tuvo como objetivo determinar la técnica quirúrgica de esterilización más adecuada para una pronta recuperación del paciente, tomándose como muestra a 12 hembras canina, cuyas edades fueron comprendidas desde los 6 meses hasta los 24 meses de edad de toda raza. Las técnicas empleadas fueron la técnica medial y la técnica lateral, el tamaño requerido de la población para este trabajo fue de 12 hembras caninas las cuales se dividieron en cuatro grupos de 3 animales para cada grupo, generando 7 observaciones para cada grupo. Dichas intervenciones siguieron un protocolo de asepsia, anestesia y quirúrgico. De esta manera de acuerdo, a los procedimientos estadísticos se desprendieron las siguientes conclusiones: no existe una interacción entre la edad, las técnicas y el tiempo de recuperación del paciente post–quirurgico. Por otra parte, al evaluar la variable de cicatrización, se demostró que los caninos de menor edad tienen una mejor respuesta a la intervención quirúrgica. Y en conclusión para tener una cicatrización en menor tiempo, se recomienda aplicar una laparotomía lateral, en perras de cualquier edad, por cuanto la técnica utilizada y el tiempo de cicatrización se comportan de manera independiente en relación a la edad del animal.