The use of object oriented modelling and simulation tools in constraint satisfaction for embodiment design

The software package Dymola, which implements the new, vendor-independent standard modelling language Modelica, exemplifies the emerging generation of object-oriented modelling and simulation tools. This paper shows how, in addition to its simulation capabilities, it may be used as an embodiment design tool, to size automatically a design assembled from a library of generic parametric components. The example used is a miniature model aircraft diesel engine. To this end, the component classes contain extra algebraic equations calculating the overload factor (or its reciprocal, the safety factor) for all the different modes of failure, such as buckling or tensile yield. Thus the simulation results contain the maximum overload or minimum safety factor for each failure mode along with the critical instant and the device state at which it occurs. The Dymola "Initial Conditions Calculation" function, controlled by a simple software script, may then be used to perform automatic component sizing. Each component is minimised in mass, subject to a chosen safety factor against failure, over a given operating cycle. Whilst the example is in the realm of mechanical design, it must be emphasised that the approach is equally applicable to the electrical or mechatronic domains, indeed to any design problem requiring numerical constraint satisfaction.

Automated meshing for aero-thermal analysis of complex automotive geometries

Successful product development, especially in motorsport, increasingly depends not just on the ability to simulate aero-thermal behavior of complex geometrical configurations, but also the ability to automate these simulations within a workflow and perform as many simulations as possible within constrained time frames. The core of these aero-thermal simulations - and usually the main bottleneck - is generating the computational mesh. This paper describes recent work aimed at developing a mesh generator which can reliably produce meshes for geometries of essentially arbitrary complexity in an automated manner and fast enough to keep up with the pace of an engineering development program. Our goal is to be able to script the mesh generation within an automated workflow - and forget it. © 2011 SAE International.

基于Qt的国际化图形用户界面设计与实现

一次开发多语言使用是国际化软件开发的主要目标。但是世界上的文字多种多样，它们的书写方向也有所不同，除了水平从左向右书写的英文、水平从右往左书写的阿拉伯文外，还有类似蒙古文这样垂直排列的文字，这对计算机图形用户界面提出了更高的要求，现有的计算机系统将这类垂直排列的文字沿水平方向输出，极不符合少数民族人民的习惯。在分析现有Qt库对类似阿拉伯文这样从右向左书写的文字的部分支持机制的基础上，我们设计并实现了支持四种方向模式的国际化的图形用户界面，现在它已经能够适应世界上几乎所有的文字。这对于软件国际化以及民族语言信息处理有重要意义。

一种基于谓词规则的复杂文字处理模型

复杂文字在显示输出的过程中,表现出极为复杂的语言特征.为此提出了一种基于谓词规则的复杂文字处理模型,模型以谓词规则的方法给出了复杂文字字形布局特征的形式化描述,按照复杂文字处理的过程,设计了实现该模型的软件体系结构,将复杂文字的语言特征从程序控制逻辑中隔离出来,提高了系统的灵活性,便于增加新的复杂文字的支持.在研制蒙古文、藏文、维吾尔文办公套件的应用中表明,该模型是实用有效的.

传统蒙古文变形显示机制研究与实现

多年来蒙古文处理系统重复开发、互不兼容的根本原因就是没有统一的标准:编码标准不统一、字库标准不统一、输入法不统一。随着国际化、多语言化的发展,开发基于ISO/IEC10646和UNICODE国际编码标准、OpenType智能字体技术的不同语言文字处理系统已经成为趋势。本文阐述了一个蒙古文显示系统,它完全支持Unicode标准并使用了OpenType技术自动进行字形选型,其实现是基于QT库的,但核心实现很容易移植到Pango,ICU等其他复杂文本布局(CTL)处理项目中。

一种支持多语言文本布局方向的文档处理模型

文档处理是文字处理的关键组成部分，针对多语言混合排版的需求，本文提出了基于“框”的支持不同方向的多语言文本布局的文档处理模型。该模型把时文本布局方向的处理封装在文档格式化模块中，将多文本布局方向的问题规约为文本布局方向为从左向右（水平）的文档格式化的问题，并设计了多文本布局方向文档格式化的递归算法。该模型可以很好支持包括我国民族文字蒙古文、维吾尔文、藏文在内的各种不同书写方向文字的文本布局。

蒙古文显示在OpenOffice.org办公套件中的实现

蒙古文是一种复杂文字,目前操作系统和办公套件都还不支持蒙古文的显示.OpenOffice.org是可以运行在Linux和Windows上跨平台的办公套件,它分别使用ICU LayoutEngine和Uniscribe进行复杂文字处理.本文以支持蒙古文处理的Linux版本OpenOiffice.org为基础,详细分析了OpenOffice.org在Linux和Windows系统上的复杂文本处理过程,采用Uniscribe与ICU相结合的方案,实现了OpenOffice.org在Windows平台上对蒙古文的显示.

automated test program generation for an industrial optimizing compiler

Association for Computing Machinery, ACM; IEEE; IEEE Computer Society; SIGSOFT

从字形到语义：跨语言Stroop效应的ERP研究

According to the influential dual-route model of reading (Coltheart, Rastle et al. 2001), there are two routes to access the meaning of visual words: one directly by orthography (orthography-semantic) and the other indirectly via the phonology (phonology-semantic). Because of the dramatic difference between written Chinese and alphabetical languages, it is still on debate whether Chinese readers have the same semantic activation processes as readers of alphabetical languages. In this study, the semantic activation processes in alphabetical German and logographic Chinese were compared. Since the N450 for incongruent color words in the Stroop tasks was induced by the semantic conflict between the meaning of the incongruent color words and color naming, this component could be taken as an index for semantic activation of incongruent color words in Stroop tasks. Two cross-script Stroop experiments were adopted to investigate the semantic activation processes in Chinese and German. The first experiment focused on the the role of phonology, while the second one focused on the realative importance of orthography. Cultural differences in cognitive processing between individuals in western and eastern countries have been found (Nisbett & Miyamoto, 2005). In order to exclude potential differences in basic cognitive processes like visual discrimination capabilities during reading, a visual Oddball experiment with non-lexical materials was conducted with all participants. However, as indicated by the P300 elicited by deviant stimuli in both groups, no group difference was observed. In the first Stroop experiments, color words (e.g., “green”), color-word associates (e.g., “grass”), and homophones of color words were used. These words were embedded into color patches with either congruent color (e.g. word “green” in green color patch) or incongruent colors (e.g. word “green” in either red or yellow or blue color patch). The key point is to observe whether homophones in both languages could induce similar behavioral and ERP Stroop effects to that induced by color words. It was also interesting to observe to which extent the N450 was related to the semantic conflicts. Nineteen Chinese adult readers and twenty German adult readers were asked to respond to the back color of these words in the Stroop experiment in their native languages by pressing the corresponding keys. In the behavioral data, incongruent conditions (incongruent color words, incongruent color-word associates, incongruent homophones) had significantly longer reaction times as compared to corresponding congruent conditions. All incongruent conditions in the Geman group elicited an N450 in the 400 to 500 ms time window. In the Chinese group, the N450 in the same time window was also observed for the incongruent color words and incongruent color-word associates. These results indicated that the N450 was very sensitive to semantic conflict-even words with semantic association to colors (e.g. “grass”) could elicite similar N450. However, the N450 was absent for incongruent homophones of color words in the Chinese group. Instead, in a later time window (600-800 ms), incongruent homophones elicited a positivity over left posterior regions as compared to congruent homophones. Similar positivity was also observed for color words in the 700 to 1000 ms time window in the Chinese group and 600 to 1000 ms time window for incongruent color words and homophones in the Geman group. These results indicate that phonology plays an important role in Geman semantic activation processes, but not in Chinese. In the second Stroop experiment, color words and pseudowords which had similiar visual shape to color words in both languages were used as materials. Another group of eighteen Chinese and twenty Germans were involved in the Stroop experiment in their native languages.The ERPs were recorded during their performance. In the behavioral data, strong and comparable Stroop effects (as counted by substract the reaction times in the congruent conditions from reaction times in the incongruent conditions) were observed. In the ERP data, both incongruent color words and incongruent pseudowords elicited an N450 over the whole brain scalp in both groups. These results indicated that orthography played an equally important role in semantic activation processes in both languages. The results of the two Stroop experiments support the view that the semantic activation process in Chiense readers differs significantly from that in German readers. The former rely mainly on the direct route (orthography-semantic), while the latter use both direct route and incirect route (phonology-semantic). These findings also indicate that the characteritics of different languages shape the semantic activation processes.

Utilizando a Vermont para automação de testes funcionais no SIGI.

Técnicas de testes. Ferramenta para automação de testes. Diretrizes para utilização da Vermont. Configuração da Vermont. Procedimento para criação de um script. Procedimento para execução da Vermont via linha de comando.

NAVLivre 1.0: Procedimentos de instalação e utilização.

Este documento apresenta os procedimentos para instalação e utilização do sistema NAVLivre 1.0, um software de código livre desenvolvido para o processamento automático de imagens do sensor Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) a bordo dos satélites da National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). O NAVLivre é uma derivação do sistema NAVPRO, criado pela Embrapa Informática Agropecuária em parceria com a Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), que contou com o repasse do pacote computacional NAV (NAVigation), desenvolvido pelo Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research (CCAR), da Universidade do Colorado, Boulder, EUA. O diferencial do NAVLivre é a ausência dos módulos desenvolvidos em Interactive Data Language (IDL), presentes no NAVPRO, e dependentes de softwares proprietários. O NAVLivre é um pacote totalmente livre, que realiza de forma automática as principais etapas do processamento das imagens NOAA, como a correção radiométrica, o georreferenciamento preciso e a geração da imagem final em formato GeoTIFF, compatível com os principais pacotes de processamento de imagens. O NAVLivre é executado em plataforma Linux e foi implementado em script c-shell e linguagem C. Seu uso é indicado aos usuários avançados de imagens NOAA, que demandam o processamento em lote de grandes volumes de dados. As rotinas e scripts aqui descritos são de domínio público, podendo ser alterados conforme necessidade do usuário.

Accents of Chopin anniversaries in territories annexed by Prussia

This article discusses the way in which the Chopin Year of 1910 was celebrated in Wielkopolska. It presents a script prepared in the nineteenth century and shows similarities with celebrations of Mickiewicz and other Polish heroes and artists. Invariably used in such commemorations was a “symbolic capital” that made it easier to create an intergenerational code, thereby disseminating knowledge of national culture and history. A significant role was played in 1910 by a centenary panel, which produced “Guidelines for popular Chopin celebrations” and also many occasional, popular materials. Chopin’s induction into the national pantheon involved the use of audio material (vocal and instrumental concerts), verbal material (articles, poems, lectures and brochures) and also a visual code (anniversary window stickers, tableaux vivants or tableaux illuminés). Illuminated pictures – recommended by a catalogue of slides produced in Poznań – stimulated the imagination of the masses and served as a guide through the composer’s life and work, and their impact was enhanced by a commentary. Most of the living pictures were probably inspired by Henryk Siemiradzki’s canvas Chopin grający na fortepianie w salonie księcia Radziwiłła [Chopin playing the piano in Prince Radziwiłł’s salon] and Józef Męcina Krzesz’s painting Ostatnie akordy Chopina [Chopin’s last chords]. This combination of codes made it possible to create a model adapted to the times and to the expectations of a mass audience. The Chopin anniversary, in which admiration was inseparably intertwined with manipulation, was a pretext for strengthening the national identity.

Representações das crianças sobre a Casa de Abrigo e Sistema de Justiça

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia Jurídica

The VITEWRITE Model of Handwriting Production

This article describes the VITEWRITE model for generating handwriting movements. The model consists of a sequential controller, or motor program, that interacts with a trajectory generator to move a hand with redundant degrees of freedom. The neural trajectory generator is the Vector Integration to Endpoint (VITE) model for synchronous variable-speed control of multijoint movements. VITE properties enable a simple control strategy to generate complex handwritten script if the hand model contains redundant degrees of freedom. The controller launches transient directional commands to independent hand synergies at times when the hand begins to move, or when a velocity peak in the outflow command to a given synergy occurs. The VITE model translates these temporally disjoint synergy commands into smooth curvilinear trajectories among temporally overlapping synergetic movements. Each synergy exhibits a unimodal velocity profile during any stroke, generates letters that are invariant under speed and size rescaling, and enables effortless connection of letter shapes into words. Speed and size rescaling are achieved by scalar GO and GRO signals that express computationally simple volitional commands. Psychophysical data such as the isochrony principle, asymmetric velocity profiles, and the two-thirds power law relating movement curvature and velocity arise as emergent properties of model interactions.

‘Doing’ separation in contemporary Ireland: the experiences of women who separate in midlife

This study explores the experiences of fourteen Irish women who separated in midlife. The rationale for choosing to study this age group of women is because they are the first generation of Irish women to publically separate in midlife in such large numbers. All of them entered marriage at a time when divorce was not possible in Ireland and as such they are broadly without a cultural ‘script’ for how to ‘do’ separation. An exploratory study was conducted to try to capture the processes and events that are part of the lived experiences of separation for women in midlife. In-depth interviews were conducted with fourteen women who were recruited following their attendance at post-separation courses. The participants came from predominantly middle class backgrounds. Narrative interviews were conducted which covered topics such as the attitudes to separation internalised during childhood, the genesis of the marital problems, the events that triggered the separations, the women’s emotional reactions at the time of separating and their social, housing and financial outcomes of having separated. A theoretical framework using concepts related to connectedness and fragmentation was used to analyse the data. Significant diversity was found in the experiences of the interviewees. Most of the women retained connectedness to their children, to their families of origin and to friends who were not joint friends. Significant fragmentation was found in relationships with ex-husbands, with in-laws and with joint friends. All of the women were worse off financially than if they had remained married. They felt socially isolated in the aftermath of separation. Many of the women were struggling to establish positive identities as separated women. While a few of them were very relieved that their marriages had ended, for most, separation was experienced as a painful episode in their lives.