996 resultados para Konfiguraationhallinta (CM)
Resumo:
A cikk a npesedssel kapcsolatos problmk kzl nhnyat alaposabban is krljr. A tanulmny bemutatja a klnfle, egymssal sszebkthetetlennek ltsz zld elkpzelsek mozgatrugit s a trsvonalat: a modernitst s a modernits tagadst; s a gyermekszm meghatrozsra felels dntshozatalt javasol, amelybe, tekintettel a vilg npessgszmban fogyatkoz rgiira, a tbb gyermek vllalsa is beletartozhat; a modernits s a fenntarthatsg sszefggsben vizsglja a szletsszablyozst s a csaldtervezst, s a felmerl slyos erklcsi nehzsgeket; a zld, illetve a keresztny-katolikus megfontolsok kztti ellenttek feloldsaknt pedig a zld erfesztsek nem-modern keretbe helyezst javasolja.
Resumo:
A jelents nem jhetett volna soha jobbkor. A felkrs mg 2008 februrjban trtnik. Akkor, amikor sok szakrt azt nyilatkozza, hogy a vlsgot Eurpa meg fogja szni. Valsznleg a megbz, Nicolas Srkzy francia elnk sem elreltbb, de sztnsen rrez a problmra s a lehetsgre. Vagy okos tancsadi javasoljk. A vlsg mindenesetre mg egyrtelmbb teszi, hogy statisztikai rendszernk tbb szempontbl is tkletlen. A bizottsg mandtuma eredetileg szernyebb, de az j esemnyek fnyben tevkenysgk felrtkeldik. A rangos munkakzssg tagjai Joseph E. Stiglitz (Columbia Egyetem) s Amartya Sen (Harvard Egyetem) Nobel-djasok, a testlet koordintornak Jean-Paul Fitoussi neves francia professzort krik fel. Rajtuk kvl mg 21 kzismert szakrt vesz rszt a munkban, fknt amerikai s francia egyetemekrl. A jelentst 2009. szeptember 14-n mutatjk be egsz napos konferencia keretben a Sorbonne egyetem auljban.
Resumo:
Az albbi rs Kornai Jnos letmsorozata kzeljvben megjelen harmadik ktetnek bevezetje alapjn kszlt. (A sorozat els ktete, A hiny s msodik ktete, A szocialista rendszer 2012-ben jelent meg.) Ritkn fordul el, hogy letmvt rendszerezve, egy szerz maga veszi ttelesen sorra rsait, trja fel az rsok megszletsnek krlmnyeit, s elemzi ket tbb vtized tvlatbl. Kornai Jnos letmsorozatnak sszelltsakor erre a rendkvli feladatra vllalkozott. A ktetben megjelen 22 rshoz fztt gondolatainak kzlsekor mai szemmel veszi grcs al az egy kivtelvel a rendszervlts eltt rt cikkeit, valamint 1956-ban rott els knyvt, A tlzott kzpontostst. Az rsokat rendszerez bevezet a kzpontostsra s a piaci reformra sszpontostja a figyelmet - e tmakrrl bebizonyosodott, hogy korai mg csupn a kzgazdasgtani elmlettrtnet fejezeteknt szmon tartani. A ktetben megjelen rsok egy rsze kzvetlenl kapcsoldik a magyar gazdasg tapasztalataihoz, msik rsze pedig elmleti jelleg. Ennek megfelelen az itt kzlt bevezets is foglalkozik mind a magyar gazdasgtrtnet mig is figyelemre mlt s tanulsgos gyakorlati problmival, mind pedig a szocializmust s a kapitalizmust, a centralizlt s decentralizlt formkat sszehasonlt ltalnos elmletekkel. ______ This piece forms the introduction to the forthcoming third volume of Jnos Kor-nai s life s work series reissued in Hungarian. (The first and second volumes, Economics of Shortage and The Political Economy of the Socialist System, ap-peared in 2012.) It is rare for an author to arrange his own life s work, taking his writings item by item, presenting the circumstances in which they arose, and ana-lysing them decades later. His thoughts on the twenty-two writings in the volume, at the time of republication, involve scrutinizing with present-day eyes articles written, with one exception, before the change of system, along with his first book, Overcentralization, written in 1956. The introduction that systematizes these fo-cuses on centralization and on market reform - events show it is still too soon to see these subjects simply as a chapter in the theoretical history of economics. Some of the articles draw directly on experiences with the Hungarian economy, while others have a theoretical nature. So the introduction also deals both with practical problems of Hungarian economic history that remain notable and instructive, and with comparative general theories of socialism and capitalism and centralized and decentralized forms.
Resumo:
A puha kltsgvetsi korlt gondolatnak els felvetse ta eltelt ngy vtizedben sokat haladt elre a problma megrtse. Vitatkozva azokkal, akik csupn a vesztesges szocialista vllalatok kimentsre szktenk le a jelensg rtelmezst, a tanulmny rmutat arra, hogy sokfle szervezetben s formban, a gazdasg sok szfrjban fellphet a szindrma, s pnzgyi baj esetn sokfle eszkzt hasznlhatnak kimentsre. Egy-egy kimentsi akci nmagban mg nem hozza ltre a puha kltsgvetsi korlt szindrmjt, ez akkor bontakozik ki, ha a kiments bepl a vrakozsokba. Klns figyelmet kvnnak azok a motvumok, amelyek kivltjk a jelensget mind a kimentett, mind a kiment szervezetben. A tanulmny helyzetjelentst ad a szindrma elterjedtsgrl a szocialista s kaptalista rendszer klnbz peridusaiban, illetve klnbz szektoraiban. A szerz kifejti llspontjt normatv krdsekben, hozzszl a kros hatsok ellen fellp terpihoz. Elszr a valsgos gyakorlattal foglalkozik, majd kijelli a puha kltsgvetsi korlttal kapcsolatos elmlet helyt az eszmk s modellek vilgban. Bemutatja, hogyan viszonyul ms elmleti irnyzatokhoz, tbbek kztt az intzmnyi s viselkedsi kzgazdasgtanhoz, az erklcsi kockzat s az idbeli kvetkezetlensg elmleteihez. Szmot ad arrl, mennyire terjedt el a puha kltsgvetsi korlt gondolkodsi appartusa a szakirodalomban; hol tart a kzgazdszszakma ltali kanonizlsa. Vgl ttekinti a fbb kutatsi feladatokat.
Resumo:
E rvid rs aktualitst az adja, hogy nemrgen jelent meg magyarul Thomas Piketty hres knyve: A tke a 21. szzadban. A knyv kzponti gondolata, hogy az elmlt ktszz v tlagban a gazdasg tlagos nvekedsi teme, a g jelentsen elmarad az r rtktl, vagyis a tke tlagos hozamtl. A nevezetes r>g sszefggs egyik lehetsges oka, hogy az r szrsa nagyobb, mint a g-. A nagyobb szrs mgtt nagyobb kockzati motvumok llhatnak. Ebbl kvetkezen a Piketty ltal javasolt adkat jelents mrtkben a pnzgyi tknek kellene viselnie. ____ The immediacy of this note derives from the fact that Picatty's famous Capital in the Twenty-First Century has been recently published in Hungarian. The central issue in the book is that taking the average of 200 years, the mean growth rate g is lower than the average return on capital r. One possible explanation of this famous r > g inequality may be that the standard deviation of r is greater than that of g because of the greater appetite for risk. The implication to draw from this is that financial capital should bear the majority of the taxes being suggested by Piketty.
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The sediments within Toolik Lake in arctic Alaska are characterized by extremely low rates of organic matter sedimentation and unusually high concentrations of iron and manganese. Pore water and solid phase measurements of iron, manganese, trace metals, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are consistent with the hypothesis that the reduction of organic matter by iron and manganese is the most important biogeochemical reaction within the sediment. Very low rates of dissolved oxygen consumption by the sediments result in an oxidizing environment at the sediment-water interface. This results in high retention of upwardly-diffusing iron and manganese and the formation of metal-enriched sediment. Phosphate in sediment pore waters is strongly adsorbed by the metal-enriched phases. Consequently, fluxes of phosphorus from the sediments to overlying waters are very small and contribute to the oligotrophic nature of the Toolik Lake aquatic system. Toolik Lake contains an unusual type of lacustrine sediment, and in many ways the sediments are similar to those found in oligotrophic oceanic environments.
Resumo:
Lower levels of cytosine methylation have been found in the liver cell DNA from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice under hyperglycemic conditions. Because the Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) profiles of dry DNA samples are differently affected by DNA base composition, single-stranded form and histone binding, it is expected that the methylation status in the DNA could also affect its FT-IR profile. The DNA FT-IR signatures obtained from the liver cell nuclei of hyperglycemic and normoglycemic NOD mice of the same age were compared. Dried DNA samples were examined in an IR microspectroscope equipped with an all-reflecting objective (ARO) and adequate software. Changes in DNA cytosine methylation levels induced by hyperglycemia in mouse liver cells produced changes in the respective DNA FT-IR profiles, revealing modifications to the vibrational intensities and frequencies of several chemical markers, including as -CH3 stretching vibrations in the 5-methylcytosine methyl group. A smaller band area reflecting lower energy absorbed in the DNA was found in the hyperglycemic mice and assumed to be related to the lower levels of -CH3 groups. Other spectral differences were found at 1700-1500 cm(-1) and in the fingerprint region, and a slight change in the DNA conformation at the lower DNA methylation levels was suggested for the hyperglycemic mice. The changes that affect cytosine methylation levels certainly affect the DNA-protein interactions and, consequently, gene expression in liver cells from the hyperglycemic NOD mice.
Resumo:
Assessment of central blood pressure (BP) has grown substantially over recent years because evidence has shown that central BP is more relevant to cardiovascular outcomes than peripheral BP. Thus, different classes of antihypertensive drugs have different effects on central BP despite similar reductions in brachial BP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nebivolol, a -blocker with vasodilator properties, on the biochemical and hemodynamic parameters of hypertensive patients. Experimental single cohort study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Twenty-six patients were recruited. All of them underwent biochemical and hemodynamic evaluation (BP, heart rate (HR), central BP and augmentation index) before and after 3 months of using nebivolol. 88.5% of the patients were male; their mean age was 49.7 9.3 years and most of them were overweight (29.6 3.1 kg/m2) with large abdominal waist (102.1 7.2 cm). There were significant decreases in peripheral systolic BP (P = 0.0020), diastolic BP (P = 0.0049), HR (P < 0.0001) and central BP (129.9 12.3 versus 122.3 10.3 mmHg; P = 0.0083) after treatment, in comparison with the baseline values. There was no statistical difference in the augmentation index or in the biochemical parameters, from before to after the treatment. Nebivolol use seems to be associated with significant reduction of central BP in stage I hypertensive patients, in addition to reductions in brachial systolic and diastolic BP.
Resumo:
To evaluate the influence of a fluorescent dye (rhodamine B) on the physical and mechanical properties of three different luting cements: a conventional adhesive luting cement (RelyX ARC, 3M/ESPE), a self-adhesive luting cement (RelyX U-200, 3M/ESPE), and a self-etching and self-adhesive luting cement (SeT PP, SDI). The cements were mixed with 0.03 wt% rhodamine B, formed into bar-shaped specimens (n=10), and light cured using an LED curing unit (Radii, SDI) with a radiant exposure of 32 J/cm(2) . The Knoop hardness (KHN), flexural strength (FS), and Young's modulus (YM) analyses were evaluated after storage for 24 h. Outcomes were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (P=0.05) for multiple comparisons. No significant differences in FS or YM were observed among the tested groups (P0.05); the addition of rhodamine B increased the hardness of the luting cements tested. The addition of a fluorescent agent at 0.03 wt% concentration does not negatively affect the physical-mechanical properties of the luting cement polymerization behavior.
