Universidades p??blicas y privadas en Costa Rica : entre comunicaci??n social y representaci??n social : una aproximaci??n psicol??gica a procesos de comunicaci??n social en las universidades

Analiza el clima educativo de la naci??n y explora algunos puntos clave. Trata de crear un v??nculo te??rico entre los conceptos de representaci??n social y comunicaci??n social. Se centra en conocer la representaci??n que tienen de s?? las universidades p??blicas y privadas en Costa Rica y las modalidades comunicativas que las mismas emplean para transmitir esa imagen. Universidades p??blicas y privadas de Costa Rica. El prop??sito es aumentar el nivel de familiaridad en un ??mbito virgen en Costa Rica, material clave para empezar a entender el fen??meno ligado al crecimiento reciente y desmesurado de las universidades privadas en el pa??s y entender qu?? posici??n toma la universidad p??blica. Pretende ofrecer un mosaico de inquietudes; se trata de una investigaci??n de corte cualitativo que pretende proceder tomando como inspiraci??n la metodolog??a de una investigaci??n de suelos. Entrevista semi estructurada, medios informales y materiales no publicados. Los textos y las entrevistas se utilizan para investigar su contenido. La entrevista semi estructurada o abierta, se articula a partir de unas hip??tesis de trabajo sugeridas por materiales previos estudiados. 1) Confirman la Universidad de Costa Rica como la mejor del pa??s. 2) Se manifiestan problemas comunicativos entre las oficinas que quedan m??s en contactos con los estudiantes y las altas jerarqu??as, as?? como estudiantes y profesores. 3) La universidad p??blica desperdicia una gran cantidad de recursos al ofrecer servicios a personas extra??as o a la comunidad, m??s por falta de controles que por la existencia de proyectos de extensi??n calibrados. 4) La universidad privada, se demuestra compulsivamente propensa a la comparaci??n con la universidad p??blica. 5) En el caso de las universidades m??s grandes y con m??s inversi??n dirige esa inversi??n a la infraestructura, lo nuevo y lo tecnol??gicamente avanzado son las armas con las cuales intenta ganar posiciones frente a la m??s establecida universidad p??blica. En definitiva, la tesis considera la universidad de Costa Rica con un ejemplo entre las universidades p??blicas y aclara asuntos relativos a la imagen que universidades p??blicas privadas tienen de s?? mismas. Se dedica tambi??n a considerar los medios de comunicaci??n que universidades p??blicas y privadas usan para transmitir esa imagen, utilizando los instrumentos te??ricos del marco te??rico constructivista para definir el fen??meno.

Costa da Morte : nunca mais chapapote : experiencias en las escuelas de Cee, Fisterra y Buxantes.

El artículo forma parte de un monográfico de la revista dedicado a educación ambiental en tiempos de catástrofes

Educaci??n nacional, internacional y ??regional???? en Joaqu??n Costa

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

La Costa Brava ante los nuevos retos del turismo

The first section of this paper summarises the most relevant charateristics of the contemporary tourist model, also called postfordist or postmodernist. In the second part the traditional tourist model developed in the Costa Brava in the past decades, is reviewed. Emphasising the saturation of tourist facilities on the coast line, expansive urban growth, thanks to a tolerant administration, poor complementary supply and concentrated demand in few markets and the proximity of Barcelona conurbation, stressed by second homes. In the third section, some strategies developed in recent years to readapt the Costa Brava to the new tendencies in tourism, are presented. Incorporation of the inland to the tourist product, new planning policics, lessening urban densities and height, and a change in mind in favour of protected natural areas, diversification of demand with new markets, specially form Eastern Europe (although this might be considered as a continuation of the traditional tourist model) and the emergence of local strategies oriented towards the creation of new tourist products based upon natural and cultural resources

Formação do cluster tecnologico de São José dos Campos: trajetória e implicações

Este artigo analisa a relação entre empreendedorismo, inovação e trajetórias de crescimento das empresas do cluster tecnológico de São José dos Campos, São Paulo. A pesquisa aplicada é do tipo exploratório-descritivo, apoiada por pesquisa documental e aplicação de questionários em uma amostra não probabilística. Os resultados evidenciam uma reorganização social relevante desde a implantação do Centro Tecnológico de Aeronáutica - CTA, e do Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica – ITA, na década de 1950, coincidindo com o ingresso de empresas multinacionais, atraídas pela localização, oferta de mão-de-obra qualificada e de incentivos fiscais. Desde então, a cidade tem experimentado um fluxo migratório intenso de profissionais, professores, estudantes civis e militares. O CTA e o ITA têm gerado alto nível de transbordamento do conhecimento tecnológico para as empresas dos setores aeroespacial, automobilístico e petroquímico. Com isso, houve um consistente desenvolvimento social e econômico. Não obstante, as pequenas e médias empresas de base tecnológica são dependentes das empresas motrizes locais, resultando em estágios incipientes de internacionalização.

O papel da tecnologia na arquitetura modernista de Lúcio Costa

o exame das obras de Lúcio Costa - o Ministério da Educação, o Pavilhãode NovaYork, o ParqueGuinlee o Parque Hotel - objetiva tornar compreensível a relação de sua arquitetura modernista com a tecnologia construtiva, fundamental na materialização de suas idéias. Considerou-se hipoteticamente que a obra de Lúcio Costa tem um importante componente tecnológico a ser esclarecido. Parademonstrar como os elementos de teor tecnológico se manifestam, procedeu-se à análise especifica que investiga a relação das formas adotadas em suas obras com as tecnologias utilizadas. A pesquisa elaborou os itens específicos dessa análise que foram aplicados igualmente a cada obra, os quais se baseiam em como os aspectos tecnológicos referenciam três questões básicas: - os conceitos relativos à composição arquitetõnica, isto é, os elementos de arquitetura, os de composição e suas estratégias, à influência modernista e à influência da tradição construtiva brasileira. O resultado mostra que as obras utilizam elementos tecnológicos de diversas maneiras e conclui-se que têm sua materialização condicionada à noção de composição e caráter e sempre conciliados a elementos da tradição construtiva brasileira.

Controle social do espaço público: uma análise do conselho turístico pólo costa das dunas

The managing Conselho of public politics constitute one of the main experiences of democracy in Brazil contemporary representing a conquest for construction of a democratic institutionalism. The historical newness consists of the intensification and the institutionalization of the dialogue between government and society - in public and plural canals - as condition for an allocation more efficient joust and of the public resources. In this context the present study it objectified to understand from readings of the performance of represented group of bencheses the dynamics of functioning of the Tourist Conselho Pólo Costa das Dunas while space of participation and social control. The bibliographical research contemplated diverse sources in order to compile knowledge of credential authors in the quarrel of inherent subjects to the civil society and the public sphere to the construction of the citizenship to the conception formation and dynamics of the social control through Conselho of public politics. A qualitative perspective the case study was adopted as research method and for attainment of the data interviews with the members of the Conselho had been carried through beyond consultation the referring documents the dynamics of functioning of the Conselho. The profiles capacities and limitations of the members of the Conselho had been identified constitution social and dynamic organization of functioning of the Conselho and the readings of the members of the Conselho concerning the power to decide instances and participation. The results had shown that the allotment of being able in the Conselho does not occur of equal form. The functions of coordination of the activities of the Conselho are assumed by the representatives of the public agencies. Level of qualification of council members also if presents as difficulty to development of activities of Conselho since the majority of the interviewed ones disclosed unreliability and unfamiliarity when thematic specific that runs away from its organizacional reality they are boarded in the assemblies. Of this form the Conselho if presents more as half of institutional legitimation of what half of characterization of the creation of a public sphere properly said. Finally he could himself be concluded that a democratic culture inexists that inside crosses practical the institutional ones of the Conselho thus limiting the possibility to reach the effective social control of the public politics of tourism in the Rio Grande do Norte

Inventário das espécies de peixes da costa do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e aspectos zoogeográficos da ictiofauna recifal do Oceano Atlântico

We present a checklist of the shores fishes of the coast of the Rio Grande do Norte state. Species were registered through the specimens collection, underwater records, samples in landings of artisanal fleet and by compilation of data from literature and ichthyologic collections, between January 2004 to 2006. A total of 440 species form 2 classes, 25 orders, 106 families and 253 genus were registered. It is believed that due the great increase of the number of species registered, the ichthyofauna of the coast of this state is reasonably known

Modelagem estocástica do índice de radiação ultravioleta na costa leste do nordeste do Brasil

The increase in ultraviolet radiation (UV) at surface, the high incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in coast of Northeast of Brazil (NEB) and reduction of total ozone were the motivation for the present study. The overall objective was to identify and understand the variability of UV or Index Ultraviolet Radiation (UV Index) in the capitals of the east coast of the NEB and adjust stochastic models to time series of UV index aiming make predictions (interpolations) and forecasts / projections (extrapolations) followed by trend analysis. The methodology consisted of applying multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis), Predictive Mean Matching method for filling gaps in the data, autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) and Mann-Kendal. The modeling via the ADL consisted of parameter estimation, diagnostics, residuals analysis and evaluation of the quality of the predictions and forecasts via mean squared error and Pearson correlation coefficient. The research results indicated that the annual variability of UV in the capital of Rio Grande do Norte (Natal) has a feature in the months of September and October that consisting of a stabilization / reduction of UV index because of the greater annual concentration total ozone. The increased amount of aerosol during this period contributes in lesser intensity for this event. The increased amount of aerosol during this period contributes in lesser intensity for this event. The application of cluster analysis on the east coast of the NEB showed that this event also occurs in the capitals of Paraiba (João Pessoa) and Pernambuco (Recife). Extreme events of UV in NEB were analyzed from the city of Natal and were associated with absence of cloud cover and levels below the annual average of total ozone and did not occurring in the entire region because of the uneven spatial distribution of these variables. The ADL (4, 1) model, adjusted with data of the UV index and total ozone to period 2001-2012 made a the projection / extrapolation for the next 30 years (2013-2043) indicating in end of that period an increase to the UV index of one unit (approximately), case total ozone maintain the downward trend observed in study period

Efetividade do clareamento dentário com peróxido de carbamida a 10% e avaliação dos efeitos adversos sobre o esmalte dentário

The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness and adverse effects on dental enamel caused by nightguard vital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide. This was accomplished through the interaction of researchers from different areas such as dentistry, materials engineering and physics. Fifty volunteers took part in the doubleblind randomized controlled clinical trial. They were allocated to an experimental group that used Opalescence PF 10% (OPA) and a control group that used a placebo gel (PLA). Fragments of human dental enamel from the vestibular surface of healthy premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons, were fixed to the vestibular surface of the first upper molars of the volunteers for in situ observation. Bleaching was performed at night for 21 days. The observation periods included Baseline (BL), T0 (21 days), T30 (30 days after treatment) and T180 (180 days after treatment, only for the OPA group). Tooth color was assessed by comparing it with the Vita® scale and by the degree of satisfaction expressed by the volunteer. We also assessed adverse clinical effects, dental sensitivity and gingival bleeding. The study of adverse effects on enamel was conducted in vivo and in situ, using the DIAGNOdent® laser fluorescence device to detect mineral loss. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to check for superficial morphological alterations, energy dispersive spectrophotometry (EDS) to semiquantitatively assess chemical composition using the Ca/P ratio, and the x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique to observe alterations in enamel microstructure. The results showed that nightguard vital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide was effective in 96% of the cases, versus 8% for the PLA group. Dental sensitivity was present in 36% (9/25) of the cases. There was no significant association between gingival bleeding and the type of gel used (p = 1.00). In vivo laser fluorescence analysis showed no difference in values for the control group, whereas in the OPA group there was a statistically significant difference between baseline values in relation to the subsequent periods (p<0.01), with lower mean values for post-bleaching times. There was a significant difference between the groups for times T0 and T30. Micrographic analysis showed no enamel surface alterations related to the treatment performed. No significant alteration in Ca/P ratio was observed in the OPA group (p = 0.624) or in the PLA group (p = 0.462) for each of the observation periods, nor between the groups studied (p=0.102). The XRD pattern for both groups showed the presence of three-phase Hydroxyapatite according to JCPDS files (9-0432[Ca5(PO4)3(OH)], 18-0303[Ca3(PO4)2.xH2O] and 25-0166[Ca5(PO4)3(OH, Cl, F)]). No other peak associated to other phases was found, independent of the group analyzed, which reveals there was no disappearance, nucleation or phase transformation. Neither was there any alteration in peak pattern location. With the methodology and protocol used in this study, nightguard vital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide proved to be an effective and safe procedure for dental enamel

Efetividade do flúor e da escovação e eficácia dos materiais de colagem ionômero de vidro e resina composta na reversão das microporosidades criadas pelo condicionamento ácido no esmalte dentário

The objectives of this clinical study was to evaluate the use of the toothpaste with fluoride and without fluoride and the daily tooth brushing are effective in the reversion of the dental enamel conditioned by acid. Another objective of this clinical study was to evaluate if the positioning of orthodontic accessories with glass ionomer cement helps in the reversion of the dental enamel conditioned by acid, when compared to composed resin. One hundred and twenty teeth were selected with indication of extraction by orthodontic reasons. The 30 volunteers were divided, randomly, in two groups. A group used toothpaste without fluoride and the other with it. The teeth of the sample were shuffled, in each volunteer. The teeth were conditioned by the 37% orthophosphoric acid. One of the conditioned teeth stayed in the mouth and suffered action of the abrasion for the tooth brushing, in another teeth a stainless steel mesh protection was positioned with glass ionomer cement, in another tooth the screen was glued with composed resin, in a fourth tooth (the control) was only conditioned after the extractions, 60 days later. All the teeth were appraised through DIAGNOdent, MEVA and EDS. In the obtained data it was possible to observe that there were not statistic significant differences in any comparison, even in the group that did not have access to the fluoride in the toothpaste as in the other that had. According with the used methodology, it was possible to observe too that there was not statistic significant differences in any comparison, even in the group that had the stainless steel mesh positioned with glass ionomer cement as in the group that the stainless steel mesh was positioned with composed resin. However, it was observed that there was an improvement in the topography of the enamel in all the teeth. The accomplishment of this study was facilitated due to the participation of the researchers' of the health area (dentistry), materials engineer, physics and chemistry. The researchers were originating from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and of the University of Queensland, in Australia. This interdisciplinary group was decisive in the accomplishment of the study. It can be concluded that the enamel tends to return to its initial aspect, even if the patient does not have access to fluoride. That is probably due the action of the abrasion for the tooth brushing and mastication. In spite of it not being significant, it is suggested that the conditioned enamel was more resistant to the abrasion in the group that had access to fluoride. It was also possible to conclude that the fluoride liberated by the glass ionomer was not enough to provide a significant difference in the enamel conditioned by the acid, when compared with the composed resin, even in the group that did not use fluoride in the toothpaste as in the group that used

Exigências de minerais para cabras SRD durante a gestação: cálcio e fósforo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Utilização de modelos matemáticos para estimar a retenção de minerais em cabras durante a gestação

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar a retenção de elementos minerais durante a gestação de cabras com um ou dois fetos, utilizando-se diferentes modelos matemáticos. A estimativa de retenção foi baseada na diferença entre o total de cada mineral depositado no feto, útero, membranas, fluídos fetais e glândula mamária dos animais nas diferentes etapas da gestação e o total de cada mineral armazenado nas cabras vazias, utilizando-se os modelos de predição: ln Y = A - B e -C X ; Y = A e B X e ln Y = A + Bx + Cx², em que x = tempo de gestação. Comparando-se a estimativa com os valores reais obtidos, verificou-se que o modelo proposto ln = A+Bx+Cx², explicou com coerência e precisão o comportamento biológico da retenção de minerais durante todas as fases da gestação.

Monitoramento ambiental da costa do Rio Grande do Norte com base em sensoriamento remoto e geodésia de precisão

This paper presents models of parameters of Sea Surface Layer (SSL), such as chlorophyll-a, sea surface temperature (SST), Primary Productivity (PP) and Total Suspended Matter (TSM) for the region adjacent to the continental shelf of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. Concentrations of these parameters measured in situ were compared in time quasi-synchronous with images AQUA-MODIS between the years 2003 to 2011. Determination coefficients between samples in situ and bands reflectance sensor AQUA-MODIS were representative. From that, concentrations of SSL parameters were acquired for the continental shelf of the RN (eastern and northern) analyzing the geographic distribution of variation of these parameters between the years 2009-2012. Geographical and seasonal variations mainly influenced by global climate phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña, were found through the analysis of AQUA-MODIS images by Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Images show qualitatively the variance and availability of TSM in the regions, as well as their relationship with coastal erosion hotspots, monitored along the coast of the RN. In one of the areas identified as being of limited availability of TSM, we developed a methodology for assessment and evaluation of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of beach surfaces (emerged and submerged sections) from the integration of topographic and bathymetric data measured in situ and accurately georeferenced compatible to studies of geomorphology and coastal dynamics of short duration. The methodology consisted of surveys with GNSS positioning operated in cinematic relative mode involved in topographic and bathymetric executed in relation to the stations of the geodetic network of the study area, which provided geodetic link to the Brazilian Geodetic System (GBS), univocal , fixed, and relatively stable over time. In this study Ponta Negra Beach, Natal / RN, was identified as a region with low variance and availability of MPS in the region off, as characterized by intense human occupation and intense coastal erosion in recent decades, which presents potential of the proposed methodology for accuracy and productivity, and the progress achieved in relation to the classical methods of surveying beach profiles