O desenvolvimento judicial do direito: construções, criatividade interpretativa e técnicas manipulativas

Busca-se demonstrar que a criatividade é um aspecto inerente e inafastável da atividade jurisdicional. Neste sentido, o primeiro objetivo perseguido é o de analisar os conceitos relacionados à criatividade judicial, que são os de interpretação, construção e manipulação. São, também, analisadas e refutadas teorias atuais que negam a criação judicial do direito. Argumenta-se que a admissão, pelo poder judiciário, do caráter criativo de suas decisões é exigência do dever de sinceridade judicial. O segundo objetivo é o de investigar a tese de Hans Kelsen, que descreve Cortes que realizem o controle de constitucionalidade como legislador negativo. São apreciadas as incongruências dessa tese com o constitucionalismo contemporâneo, bem como o caráter falho de sua aplicação na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. O terceiro objetivo é o de investigar os aspectos descritivos e normativos das sentenças manipulativas. São formuladas propostas de fundamentação normativa e de limites de aplicação dessa técnica. Defende-se a admissibilidade das sentenças aditivas, redutivas e aditivas de princípio, mas se rejeita a das sentenças substitutivas, sendo defendido o emprego, em seu lugar, das medidas de necessidade.

Bayesian dialogue system for the let's go spoken dialogue challenge

This paper describes how Bayesian updates of dialogue state can be used to build a bus information spoken dialogue system. The resulting system was deployed as part of the 2010 Spoken Dialogue Challenge. The purpose of this paper is to describe the system, and provide both simulated and human evaluations of its performance. In control tests by human users, the success rate of the system was 24.5% higher than the baseline Lets Go! system. ©2010 IEEE.

Built on historic success: WTO challenge

This is excerpted from Roberto Azevêdo’s speech at the University of West Indies in Jamaica, on 18 January 2016, available at: www.wto.org/english/news_e/spra_e/spra109_e.htm

The challenge of Lake Chilwa

Lake Chilwa and its environs present a unique challenge to science for two reasons: 1. The welfare of its people and the fish and crops on which they depend on incomes as well as subsistence are dominated by the vagaries of the periodic rise and fall of the lake. Inyears of high level the lake provides a relatively good living for the people of the plain and the fish is a major source of dietary protein for the densely populated Shire Highlands. Fish catches and fish consumption decline in years of low lake level. Could knowledge of the biology of the lake and the hydrology of the lake basin assist in stabilizing the fishing industry? 2. The area is underdeveloped, with the traditional matrilineal way of life, but it has considerable potential for a fishing industry, for agriculture, for livestock, for bird preservation and tourism and possibly, at some future date, for minerals. How can these interests be reconciled and in what order should developments take place?

Spoken Dialog Challenge 2010: Comparison of live and control test results

The Spoken Dialog Challenge 2010 was an exercise to investigate how different spoken dialog systems perform on the same task. The existing Let's Go Pittsburgh Bus Information System was used as a task and four teams provided systems that were first tested in controlled conditions with speech researchers as users. The three most stable systems were then deployed to real callers. This paper presents the results of the live tests, and compares them with the control test results. Results show considerable variation both between systems and between the control and live tests. Interestingly, relatively high task completion for controlled tests did not always predict relatively high task completion for live tests. Moreover, even though the systems were quite different in their designs, we saw very similar correlations between word error rate and task completion for all the systems. The dialog data collected is available to the research community. © 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics.