Environmental and international tariffs in a mixed duopoly

In this paper, we study the effects of environmental and trade policies in an international mixed duopoly serving two markets, in which the public ���rm maximizes the sum of consumer surplus and its pro���t. We also analyse the effects of privatization. The model has two stages. In the ���rst stage, governments choose environmental taxes and import tariffs, simultaneously. Then, the ���rms engage in a Cournot competition, choosing output levels for the domestic market and to export. We compare the results obtained in the three different ways of moving on the decision make of the ���rms.

International Stackelberg model with tariffs

This paper analyses the effects of tariffs on an international economy with a monopolistic sector with two ���rms, located in two countries, each one producing a homogeneous good for both home consumption and export to the other identical country. We consider a game among governments and ���rms. First, the government imposes a tariff on imports and then we consider the two types of moving: simultaneous (Cournot-type model) and sequential (Stackelberg-type model) decisions by the ���rms. We also compare the results obtained in each model.

Licensing in an international triopoly

We study the effects of entry of two foreign ���rms on domestic welfare in the presence of licensing, when the incumbent is technologically superior to the entrants. We consider two different situations: (i) the cost-reducing innovation is licensed to both entrants; (ii) the cost- reducing innovation is licensed to just one of the entrants. We analyse three kind of license: (lump- sum) ���xed-fee; (per-unit) royalty; and two-part tariff, that is a combination of a ���xed-fee and a royalty. We prove that a two part tariff is never an optimal licensing scheme for the incumbent. Moreover, (i) when the technology is licensed to the two entrants, the optimal contract consists of a licensing with only output royalty; and (ii) when the technology is licensed to just one of the entrants, the optimal contract consists of a licensing with only a ���xed-fee.

Implementa����o e integra����o do modelo de acredita����o da Joint Commission International na unidade de imagiologia do Hospital Privado da Boavista

Este trabalho descreve a abordagem abrangente sobre a melhoria do sistema de gest��o da qualidade na Unidade de Imagiologia do Hospital da Boavista atrav��s da implementa����o das normas de acredita����o da Joint Commission International (JCI). Fundamental para a melhoria geral da qualidade �� a redu����o cont��nua de riscos para os doentes e para os profissionais da Unidade. Tais riscos podem existir ao n��vel do ambiente f��sico assim como no circuito dos exames e dos doentes. A acredita����o em Sa��de �� uma das prioridades estrat��gicas do Minist��rio da Sa��de e tem como objetivo fortalecer a confian��a dos cidad��os nos profissionais de sa��de bem como nas institui����es de sa��de. �� importante que Portugal cultive a melhoria da qualidade e seguran��a nas institui����es de sa��de mantendo uma rela����o adequada custo/benef��cio. A Uni��o Europeia tem feito um esfor��o para que a acredita����o seja harmoniosa nos seus princ��pios, no entanto �� respeitada sempre a preval��ncia da legisla����o de cada pa��s, bem como as suas especifica����es culturais e religiosas (Shaw, 2006), responsabilizando-o pelo seu sistema de sa��de O trabalho aqui apresentado tem como objetivo principal fundamentar a escolha do modelo de acredita����o da JCI para o Hospital da Boavista, nomeadamente para a Unidade de Imagiologia, ver se os padr��es est��o de acordo com os procedimentos da Unidade, identificar falhas e apontar possiveis melhorias. Pretende-se ainda mostrar a import��ncia da implementa����o dos sistemas de certifica����o e acredita����o da gest��o da qualidade, documentada pela experi��ncia profissional, bem como o know-how do Hospital da Boavista, assim como a complementaridade dos programas da gest��o da qualidade, certifica����o e acredita����o. A escolha do modelo de acredita����o da JCI, foi uma op����o do Hospital da Boavista baseada na credibilidade e no grau de exig��ncia que a entidade imp��e. Foi imperativo que a Unidade de Imagiologia realizasse as suas fun����es de forma v��lida e fi��vel e que disponibilizasse produtos / servi��os de qualidade. A monitoriza����o e consequente controlo de qualidade do servi��o prestado pela Unidade de Imagiologia, foi dif��cil mas simplificado, em parte, devido ao sistema de gest��o da qualidade ISO 9001:2008 j�� implementado, tendo este sido consolidado com a implementa����o da acredita����o da JCI, com padr��es espec��ficos bem definidos na gest��o do controlo de qualidade na Unidade de Imagiologia do Hospital da Boavista.

Privatization in an international mixed duopoly with environmental taxes

We study the effects of environmental and trade policies in an international duopoly serving two countries, with pollution abatement. This analysis is done in both mixed and privatized markets. The model has two stages: First, governments choose environmental taxes and import tariffs, simultaneously; then, the firms compete in the market by choosing output levels for the domestic market and to export and also abatement levels.

Revalorization of spent coffee residues by a direct agronomic approach

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) represent a high-volume food waste worldwide, and several reuse approaches have been attempted. Herein, a greenhouse field experiment was carried out by cultivating Batavia lettuce with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% (v/v) espresso SCG directly composted in the soil. Healthy vegetables were obtained for all treatments, without yield loss for up to 10% SCG. A progressive increment of green color intensity with increasing SCG content was observed, corroborated by the increase of their photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids). Furthermore, total ascorbic acid and tocopherols showed statistical significant increases (p < 0.001) between control and all tested groups. Marked variations of nutritionally relevant minerals, particularly potassium, phosphorous and sodium were also revealed at higher percentage treatments (20% and 30%). This approach constitutes a clean, direct, simple and cost-effective measure to produce value-added vegetables, while reducing food waste disposal.

The Visual Culture of Human Rights. Observations on Amnesty International

Trabalho de project de Mestrado em Antropologia de Direitos Humanos e Movimentos Sociais

A proactive approach o XY international expansion

This work project was conducted under a Direct Research internship (DRI) that consists on an individual dissertation established on a given organization. DRI has a problem solving format to an empirical question to be addressed, ��Which country has the highest potential for the next step of XY internationalization process? ��. In order to achieve the project���s purpose, it was conducted a scanning process using a top-down approach over an initial list of nine countries given by XY. To do so it was developed an international scanning framework based on different domains and weights that allowed to achieve the top two countries with highest potential. After an in depth analysis over the final set, it was recommended Switzerland as the best country to make the next step of XY internationalization in Europe.

Organization of construction activity in medieval Portugal: a comparative approach

This paper aims to identify and characterize the organizational models of construction site and building activity in late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, through the analysis of specific Portuguese case studies, related with important buildings financed by the royal power. This paper also intends to develop a comparative analysis between those different organizational models, identifying the main features of each one, as well as their similarities and differences. In this sense, we intend to present a comparative analysis between the two main models of organization of the construction site, through a methodology of crossing different types of sources, including written ones, such as books of accounts, but also iconographic and material sources, as well as the buildings and monuments still preserved today. In terms of written sources, the construction site accounting books allow us to study several specific aspects of the construction process, but also allow us to infer the organizational models of the construction activity.

Sombreamento dos cafezais: III - Resultados do 5�� bi��nio (1961/1962)

This paper deals with data obtained in 1961 and 1962 in shaded and unshaded coffee plots at Piracicaba, S��o Paulo, Brazil. The results can be summarized as follows: a - the production, in shaded and unshaded plots, did not show differences statistically significant; b - the percentage of coffee berry borer infestation was higher in shaded plots as compared with unshaded ones; c - coffee fruits brought from the field in the harvest time yielding up in sunshaded plots as compared with shaded ones.

Nature et faune : revue internationale pour la conservation de la nature en Afrique = Wildlife and nature : international journal on nature conservation in Africa.

2.3-4

Nature et faune : revue internationale pour la conservation de la nature en Afrique = Wildlife and nature : international journal on nature conservation in Africa.

6.4

Nature et faune : revue internationale pour la conservation de la nature en Afrique = Wildlife and nature : international journal on nature conservation in Africa.

21.2

Prevalence at Birth of Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate: Data From the International Perinatal Database of Typical Oral Clefts (IPDTOC).

As part of a collaborative project on the epidemiology of craniofacial anomalies, funded by the National Institutes for Dental and Craniofacial Research and channeled through the Human Genetics Programme of the World Health Organization, the International Perinatal Database of Typical Orofacial Clefts (IPDTOC) was established in 2003. IPDTOC is collecting case-by-case information on cleft lip with or without cleft palate and on cleft palate alone from birth defects registries contributing to at least one of three collaborative organizations: European Surveillance Systems of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) in Europe, National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) in the United States, and International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR) worldwide. Analysis of the collected information is performed centrally at the ICBDSR Centre in Rome, Italy, to maximize the comparability of results. The present paper, the first of a series, reports data on the prevalence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate from 54 registries in 30 countries over at least 1 complete year during the period 2000 to 2005. Thus, the denominator comprises more than 7.5 million births. A total of 7704 cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (7141 livebirths, 237 stillbirths, 301 terminations of pregnancy, and 25 with pregnancy outcome unknown) were available. The overall prevalence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate was 9.92 per 10,000. The prevalence of cleft lip was 3.28 per 10,000, and that of cleft lip and palate was 6.64 per 10,000. There were 5918 cases (76.8%) that were isolated, 1224 (15.9%) had malformations in other systems, and 562 (7.3%) occurred as part of recognized syndromes. Cases with greater dysmorphological severity of cleft lip with or without cleft palate were more likely to include malformations of other systems.

Prevalence of thinness in children and adolescents in the Seychelles: comparison of two international growth references.

BACKGROUND: : Thinness in children and adolescents is largely under studied, a contrast with abundant literature on under-nutrition in infants and on overweight in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of thinness using two recently developed growth references, among children and adolescents living in the Seychelles, an economically rapidly developing country in the African region. METHOD: S: Weight and height were measured every year in all children of 4 grades (age range: 5 to 16 years) of all schools in the Seychelles as part of a routine school-based surveillance program. In this study we used data collected in 16,672 boys and 16,668 girls examined from 1998 to 2004. Thinness was estimated according to two growth references: i) an international survey (IS), defining three grades of thinness corresponding to a BMI of 18.5, 17.0 and 16.0 kg/m2 at age 18 and ii) the WHO reference, defined here as three categories of thinness (-1, -2 and -3 SD of BMI for age) with the second and third named "thinness" and "severe thinness", respectively. RESULTS: : The prevalence of thinness was 21.4%, 6.4% and 2.0% based on the three IS cut-offs and 27.7%, 6.7% and 1.2% based on the WHO cut-offs. The prevalence of thinness categories tended to decrease according to age for both sexes for the IS reference and among girls for the WHO reference. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of the first category of thinness was larger with the WHO cut-offs than with the IS cut-offs while the prevalence of thinness of "grade 2" and thinness of "grade 3" (IS cut-offs) was similar to the prevalence of "thinness" and "severe thinness" (WHO cut-offs), respectively.