Avaliação da genotoxicidade induzida por emissões de veículos automotores - Ctenomys minutus como organismo bioindicador

Existe um número crescente de componentes químicos lançados ao meio ambiente, muitos dos quais são capazes de induzir efeitos danosos adversos à saúde de animais e humanos, representando uma causa importante de preocupação por seus possíveis efeitos a longo prazo. O impacto ecológico e os riscos a saúde dos organismos associados com a exposição a poluentes ambientais são extremamente difíceis de se avaliar devido a muitos desses componentes serem parte de misturas complexas. Os gases produzidos pelos motores dos veículos à combustão contém diversos poluentes sabidamente genotóxicos, como óxidos de nitrogênio (NOX), monóxido de carbono (CO), óxidos de enxofre (SOx), hidrocarbonetos (HC) e seus derivados, bem como particulados, e metais (cádmio, cromo, cobre, níquel, vanádio, zinco e chumbo). Todos esses compostos isolados ou associados a outros elementos são tóxicos ou de efeito danoso aos organismos, de forma não totalmente esclarecida. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o possível efeito genotóxico das emissões dos automóveis em roedor nativo Ctenomys minutus cronicamente exposto, através do Ensaio Cometa (EC), comparando os resultados com o Teste de Micronúcleos (MN), ambos em sangue periférico. Levando em consideração alguns fatores que pudessem influenciar os resultados dos testes de genotoxicidade, este trabalho ainda teve como objetivos: identificar a presença de alguns agentes envolvidos na poluição gerada pelos veículos; verificar possíveis diferenças sazonais, como temperatura e ventos; e se existe influência da idade e sexo dos roedores. Os C. minutus (Octodontidae-Rodentia), foram capturados em dois campos diferentes, ambos ao lado da estrada RS/030, na cidade de Osório, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS): (a) Amaral, e (b) Weber. Animais para controle externo foram capturados no Campo Maribo à cerca de 3 km de distância de outra estrada (RS/389-Osório/RS), conseqüentemente afastada das emissões dos veículos. No final do período desse estudo, foram capturados 123 animais (73 fêmeas e 50 machos).

Development and evaluation of a range anxiety-reducing business model for connected full electric vehicles

This thesis develops and evaluates a business model for connected full electric vehicles (FEV) for the European market. Despite a promoting political environment, various barriers have thus far prevented the FEV from becoming a mass-market vehicle. Besides cost, the most noteworthy of these barriers is represented by range anxiety, a product of FEVs’ limited range, lacking availability of charging infrastructure, and long recharging times. Connected FEVs, which maintain a constant connection to the surrounding infrastructure, appear to be a promising element to overcome drivers’ range anxiety. Yet their successful application requires a well functioning FEV ecosystem which can only be created through the collaboration of various stakeholders such as original equipment manufacturers (OEM), first tier suppliers (FTS), charging infrastructure and service providers (CISP), utilities, communication enablers, and governments. This thesis explores and evaluates how a business model, jointly created by these stakeholders, could look like, i.e. how stakeholders could collaborate in the design of products, services, infrastructure, and advanced mobility management, to meet drivers with a sensible value proposition that is at least equivalent to that of internal combustion engine (ICE) cars. It suggests that this value proposition will be an end-2-end package provided by CISPs or OEMs that comprises mobility packages (incl. pay per mile plans, battery leasing, charging and battery swapping (BS) infrastructure) and FEVs equipped with an on-board unit (OBU) combined with additional services targeted at range anxiety reduction. From a theoretical point of view the thesis answers the question which business model framework is suitable for the development of a holistic, i.e. all stakeholder-comprising business model for connected FEVs and defines such a business model. In doing so the thesis provides the first comprehensive business model related research findings on connected FEVs, as prior works focused on the much less complex scenario featuring only “offline” FEVs.

Electricity, hot water and cold water production from biomass. Energetic and economical analysis of the compact system of cogeneration run with woodgas from a small downdraft gasifier

Wood gasification technologies to convert the biomass into fuel gas stand out. on the other hand, producing electrical energy from stationary engine is widely spread, and its application in rural communities where the electrical network doesn't exist is very required. The recovery of exhaust gases (engine) is a possibility that makes the system attractive when compared with the same components used to obtain individual heat such as electric power. This paper presents an energetic alternative to adapt a fixed bed gasifier with a compact cogeneration system in order to cover electrical and thermal demands in a rural area and showing an energy solution for small social communities using renewable fuels. Therefore, an energetic and economical analysis from a cogeneration system producing electric energy, hot and cold water, using wooden gas as fuel from a small-sized gasifier was calculated. The energy balance that includes the energy efficiency (electric generation as well as hot and cold water system; performance coefficient and the heat exchanger, among other items), was calculated. Considering the annual interest rates and the amortization periods, the costs of production of electrical energy, hot and cold water were calculated, taking into account the investment, the operation and the maintenance cost of the equipments. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Estudio de viabilidad tecnico-economica para la conversion de hornos electricos en hornos a gas natural

Technical and economic feasibility of using natural gas as a non-polluting energy source was studied. Conversion of electric ovens to gas-fired ovens for the preparation of aluminum plates for laminations was used as an example of this application. Four cases were evaluated for the use of heat derived from residual gases following combustion of the natural gas. Additionally, two possibilities are included for the use of systems of co-generation; one using an internal combustion engine, and second using a gas turbine. Results suggested that it was technically and economically feasible to convert the electric ovens considered to natural gas-operated ovens.

Istmo Centroamericano: estadísticas del subsector eléctrico (datos actualizados a 2001)

Incluye Bibliografía

Manutenção preditiva de motores de combustão interna, à gasolina, através da técnica de análise de lubrificantes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Projeto de um motor 4 tempos a gasolina monocilíndrico: calculo termodinâmico, desenho, usinagem e montagem da parte alternativa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise técnica econômica de um gaseificador de biomassa de 100 kg/h para acionamento de um motor de combustão interna

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise econômica do uso de célula a combustível para acionamento de ônibus urbano

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de sistemas híbridos de produção de energia em condomínios residenciais horizontais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise técnico-econômica da utilização de um gerador à gás natural em um sistema de cogeração: estudo de caso

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Desenvolvimento de um aplicativo para processamento de dados e criação de um simulador computacional de uma transmissão para veículos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Sistema de ar condicionado por absorção para ônibus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Energetic and economic analysis of a Brazilian compact cogeneration system: Comparison between natural gas and biogas

Cogeneration may be defined as the simultaneous production of electric power and useful heat from the burning of a single fuel. This technique of combined heat and power production has been applied in both the industrial and tertiary sectors. It has been mainly used because of its overall efficiency, and the guarantee of electricity with a low level of environmental impact. The compact cogeneration systems using internal combustion engine as prime movers are thoroughly applied because of the good relationship among cost and benefit obtained in such devices. The cogeneration system of this study consists of an internal combustion engine using natural gas or biogas as fuel, combined with two heat exchangers and an absorption chiller utilising water-ammonia as working mixture. This work presents an energetic and economic comparison between natural gas and biogas as fuel used for the system proposed. The results are useful to identify the feasible applications for this system, such as residential sector in isolated areas, hotels, universities etc. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cogeração de energia com motores de combustão interna

The tertiary sector is largely responsible for the growth of electricity consumption in Brazil. The large commercial and public buildings, hypermarkets and shopping centers stand out as major consumers of electricity for lighting, power and thermal energy. Brazil presents significant potential for the deployment of small cogeneration plants, especially in the tertiary sector. Allied to this, the possibility of natural gas supply and the growing demands in favor of maintaining and preserving the environment favor the implementation of cogeneration plants. In this context, this paper presents a technical and economic analysis of installing a cogeneration plant using internal combustion engine with natural gas in a mall