Cooperação internacional em ciência e tecnologia: oportunidades e riscos

O artigo analisa diferenças entre cooperação e colaboração científica e tecnológica. A cooperação internacional representa oportunidades para parceiros sobretudo as alianças estratégicas. Na colaboração Norte-Sul geralmente os países desenvolvidos definem o projeto/programa e detém a propriedade dos resultados. Reconhecer estas diferenças representa desafios e oportunidades mas também riscos para o Brasil.

Molecular dynamics computer simulation of scratch resistance testing of polymers: visualization

Experimental scratch resistance testing provides two numbers: the penetration depth Rp and the healing depth Rh. In molecular dynamics computer simulations, we create a material consisting of N statistical chain segments by polymerization; a reinforcing phase can be included. Then we simulate the movement of an indenter and response of the segments during X time steps. Each segment at each time step has three Cartesian coordinates of position and three of momentum. We describe methods of visualization of results based on a record of 6NX coordinates. We obtain a continuous dependence on time t of positions of each of the segments on the path of the indenter. Scratch resistance at a given location can be connected to spatial structures of individual polymeric chains.

Estimativa de parâmetros técnicos da tecnologia de aplicação do glyphosate no controle de Brachiaria decumbens

A interação entre o diâmetro da mediana volumétrico (DMV), a densidade (DEN) e a cobertura (COB) proporcionada pelas gotas produzidas na pulverização, é pouco estudada e pode ter influência nas aplicações de herbicidas. Objetivou-se estimar parâmetros técnicos da tecnologia de aplicação do glyphosate no controle de Brachiaria decumbens analisando os fatores que constituem a pulverização. Os tratamentos constaram da aplicação de glyphosate em diferentes modos de operação de um pulverizador centrífugo, visando a obtenção de parâmetros da aplicação: cinco rotações do dispositivo pulverizador (105, 157, 210, 262 e 315 rad s-1) e seis velocidades de deslocamento (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; e 6,0 km h-1), obtendo-se trinta parâmentros. O herbicida foi aplicado aos 20 dias após a emergência (DAE). O pulverizador foi adaptado em barra equipada com motor elétrico e comando para controle da velocidade de deslocamento. Foram realizadas avaliações visuais e calculada a porcentagem de acúmulo de massa de matéria seca das plantas em relação às testemunhas, que não receberam herbicida. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, e os dados analisados por meio de regressão múltipla. Foram obtidos controles superiores a 91%, quando o pulverizador foi utilizado de modo a proporcionar DMV de 327 mm e COB 2,51%, desde que a DEN fosse de 30 gotas cm-2. Os fatores que mais afetaram o controle de B. decumbens foram a cobertura e a densidade de gotas. A pulverização do glyphosate com menores DMV e COB e maiores DEN, proporcionou melhor controle das plantas.

Coupling Mechanical and Electrical Behavior in the Multi-scale Simulation of Polymer-based CNT Nanocomposites

A numeric model has been proposed to investigate the mechanical and electrical properties of a polymeric/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite material subjected to a deformation force. The reinforcing phase affects the behavior of the polymeric matrix and depends on the nanofiber aspect ratio and preferential orientation. The simulations show that the mechanical behavior of a computer generated material (CGM) depends on fiber length and initial orientation in the polymeric matrix. It is also shown how the conductivity of the polymer/CNT composite can be calculated for each time step of applied stress, effectively providing the ability to simulate and predict strain-dependent electrical behavior of CNT nanocomposites.

Piezoresistive sensors for force mapping of hip-prostheses

The success of artificial prosthetic replacements depends on the fixation of the artificial prosthetic component after being implanted in the thighbone. The materials for fixation are subject to mechanical stresses, which originate permanent deformations, incipient cracks and even fatigue fractures. This work shows the possibility of monitoring the mechanical stress over time in prosthesis. In this way, highly sensitive silicon thin-film piezoresistive sensors were developed attached to prosthesis and their results compared with commercial strain gauge sensors. Mechanical stress-strain experiments were performed in compressive mode, during 10,000 cycles. Experimental data was acquired at mechanical vibration frequencies of 0.5 Hz, 1 Hz and 5 Hz, and sent to a computer by means of a wireless link. The results show that there is a decrease in sensitivity of the thin-film silicon piezoresistive sensors when they are attached to the prosthesis, but this decrease does not compromise its monitoring performance. The sensitivity, compared to that of commercial strain gauges, is much larger due to their higher gauge factors (-23.5), when compared to the GFs of commercial sensors (2).

Criminal Liability of Organizations, Corporations, Legal Persons, and Similar Entities on Law of Portuguese Cybercrime: A Brief Discussion on the Issue of Crimes of “False Information,” the “Damage on Other Programs or Computer Data,” the “Computer-Software Sabotage,” the “Illegitimate Access,” the “Unlawful Interception,” and “Illegitimate Reproduction of the Protected Program”

Abstract: in Portugal, and in much of the legal systems of Europe, «legal persons» are likely to be criminally responsibilities also for cybercrimes. Like for example the following crimes: «false information»; «damage on other programs or computer data»; «computer-software sabotage»; «illegitimate access»; «unlawful interception» and «illegitimate reproduction of protected program». However, in Portugal, have many exceptions. Exceptions to the «question of criminal liability» of «legal persons». Some «legal persons» can not be blamed for cybercrime. The legislature did not leave! These «legal persons» are v.g. the following («public entities»): legal persons under public law, which include the public business entities; entities utilities, regardless of ownership; or other legal persons exercising public powers. In other words, and again as an example, a Portuguese public university or a private concessionaire of a public service in Portugal, can not commit (in Portugal) any one of cybercrime pointed. Fair? Unfair. All laws should provide that all legal persons can commit cybercrimes. PS: resumo do artigo em inglês.

A Methodology for GUI Layer Redefinition Through Virtualization and Computer Vision

Nowadays despite improvements in usability and intuitiveness users have to adapt to the proposed systems to satisfy their needs. For instance, they must learn how to achieve tasks, how to interact with the system, and fulfill system's specifications. This paper proposes an approach to improve this situation enabling graphical user interface redefinition through virtualization and computer vision with the aim of increasing the system's usability. To achieve this goal the approach is based on enriched task models, virtualization and picture-driven computing.

Computer-aided recognition of dental implants in X-ray images

Dental implant recognition in patients without available records is a time-consuming and not straightforward task. The traditional method is a complete user-dependent process, where the expert compares a 2D X-ray image of the dental implant with a generic database. Due to the high number of implants available and the similarity between them, automatic/semi-automatic frameworks to aide implant model detection are essential. In this study, a novel computer-aided framework for dental implant recognition is suggested. The proposed method relies on image processing concepts, namely: (i) a segmentation strategy for semi-automatic implant delineation; and (ii) a machine learning approach for implant model recognition. Although the segmentation technique is the main focus of the current study, preliminary details of the machine learning approach are also reported. Two different scenarios are used to validate the framework: (1) comparison of the semi-automatic contours against implant’s manual contours of 125 X-ray images; and (2) classification of 11 known implants using a large reference database of 601 implants. Regarding experiment 1, 0.97±0.01, 2.24±0.85 pixels and 11.12±6 pixels of dice metric, mean absolute distance and Hausdorff distance were obtained, respectively. In experiment 2, 91% of the implants were successfully recognized while reducing the reference database to 5% of its original size. Overall, the segmentation technique achieved accurate implant contours. Although the preliminary classification results prove the concept of the current work, more features and an extended database should be used in a future work.