Loss to follow-up of HIV-infected women after delivery: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study and the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION HIV-infected pregnant women are very likely to engage in HIV medical care to prevent transmission of HIV to their newborn. After delivery, however, childcare and competing commitments might lead to disengagement from HIV care. The aim of this study was to quantify loss to follow-up (LTFU) from HIV care after delivery and to identify risk factors for LTFU. METHODS We used data on 719 pregnancies within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from 1996 to 2012 and with information on follow-up visits available. Two LTFU events were defined: no clinical visit for >180 days and no visit for >360 days in the year after delivery. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for a LTFU event after delivery. RESULTS Median maternal age at delivery was 32 years (IQR 28-36), 357 (49%) women were black, 280 (39%) white, 56 (8%) Asian and 4% other ethnicities. One hundred and seven (15%) women reported any history of IDU. The majority (524, 73%) of women received their HIV diagnosis before pregnancy, most of those (413, 79%) had lived with diagnosed HIV longer than three years and two-thirds (342, 65%) were already on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at time of conception. Of the 181 women diagnosed during pregnancy by a screening test, 80 (44%) were diagnosed in the first trimester, 67 (37%) in the second and 34 (19%) in the third trimester. Of 357 (69%) women who had been seen in HIV medical care during three months before conception, 93% achieved an undetectable HIV viral load (VL) at delivery. Of 62 (12%) women with the last medical visit more than six months before conception, only 72% achieved an undetectable VL (p=0.001). Overall, 247 (34%) women were LTFU over 180 days in the year after delivery and 86 (12%) women were LTFU over 360 days with 43 (50%) of those women returning. Being LTFU for 180 days was significantly associated with history of intravenous drug use (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.09-2.77, p=0.021) and not achieving an undetectable VL at delivery (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.03-3.11, p=0.040) after adjusting for maternal age, ethnicity, time of HIV diagnosis and being on ART at conception. CONCLUSIONS Women with a history of IDU and women with a detectable VL at delivery were more likely to be LTFU after delivery. This is of concern regarding their own health, as well as risk for sexual partners and subsequent pregnancies. Further strategies should be developed to enhance retention in medical care beyond pregnancy.

Ms. Carm. 32 - Collectanea

Vorbesitzer: Karmeliterkloster Frankfurt am Main

Ms. hebr. oct. 32 - Perushim la-Mishnah

Vorbesitzer: Mendel; Nathan Adler; Aaron Ben-Moses Fuld

Ms. Barth. 75 (Ausst. 32) - In primum et secundum Sententiarum

Vorbesitzer: Bartholomaeusstift Frankfurt am Main

Die ständigen Familien-Fideicommisse und der Tit. II. §. 32. des neuen Verfassungs-Entwurfs für Preußen

Boberach: Familienfideikommisse sind aufzuheben, weil ihren Besitzern für eine moderne Landwirtschaft das Kapital fehlt

Kundmachung: Vincenz v. Emperger, aus Klagenfurt in Kärnthen gebürtig, 32 Jahre alt, katholisch, ledig ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Verurteilung des steirischen Landtagsabgeordneten von Emperger, des Schriftstellers und ehemaligen Redakteurs Schumacher, des Offiziers und Reisenden von Callot, des Handelsagenten Ribarz sowie des Militär-Rechnungsrats Zwettler zu achtzehn, zehn, sieben, zwei und drei Jahren schwerem Kerker resp. wegen Aufruhrs und Widerstands gegen das Militär

32. Armee-Bulletin: Nach einem Berichte des Feldmarschall-Lieutenants Baron Haynau aus Brescia vom 2. April um 5 Uhr Früh ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Österreichische Truppen unter General Haynau erobern gegen heftigsten Widerstand der Bewohner die Stadt Brescia (30. März bis 1. April 1849). Vereitelung eines ungarischen Ausbruchsversuches aus der belagerten Festung Peterwardein (1. April 1849); österreichische Besetzung von Mortara und Novara (21. und 24. März 1849)

A ~ 32-70 K formation temperature range for the ice grains agglomerated by Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations are used to reproduce the N₂/CO ratio ranging between 1.7 x 10⁻³ and 1.6 x 10⁻² observed in situ in the Jupiter-family comet 67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67 P) by the ROSINA mass spectrometer on board the Rosetta spacecraft. By assuming that this body has been agglomerated from clathrates in the protosolar nebula (PSN), simulations are developed using elaborated interatomic potentials for investigating the temperature dependence of the trapping within a multiple-guest clathrate formed from a gas mixture of CO and N₂ in proportions corresponding to those expected for the PSN. By assuming that 67 P agglomerated from clathrates, our calculations suggest the cometary grains must have been formed at temperatures ranging between ~ 31.8 and 69.9 K in the PSN to match the N₂/CO ratio measured by the ROSINA mass spectrometer. The presence of clathrates in Jupiter-family comets could then explain the potential N₂ depletion (factor of up to ~ 87 compared to the protosolar value) measured in 67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Streiks und Aussperrungen in Palästina im Jahre 1931/32

M. Nemirowski

Gedenket der Tage der Vorzeit : 5. B. M. 32, 7.

Emanuel Kirschner