Com coneixen Descartes i Hume? : Una petita història del coneixement i les seves conseqüències contemporànies

És una anàlisi sobre el problema del coneixement als segles XVII (racionalisme) i XVIII (empirisme) i la seva influència en l'epistemologia contemporània. En concret, es comparen les teories del coneixement de René Descartes i de David Hume, es demostra la seva vigència al segle XXI i es proposa una aplicació extrafilosòfica al seu pensament.

A teoria da causalidade imaginária na filosofia de Hume

O presente trabalho aborda a concepção de causalidade apresentada pelo filósofo escocês David Hume no Tratado da natureza humana (TNH) e propõe, como argumento central, que a ideia de relação causal deriva de uma impressão reflexiva e toma a forma de uma crença imaginária cujo objeto é uma conjunção constante. Começando por analisar os conceitos de impressões e ideias, sobre os quais Hume elabora sua teoria da percepção, o texto explora, em seguida, os fundamentos do processo de associação de ideias, do qual a noção de causalidade é um modo; um breve estudo dos efeitos políticos decorrentes de uma concepção de causalidade assentada na crença e nos hábitos de percepção põe termo a este artigo.

Regularity and counterfactuality in Hume's treatment of causation

Of the several theories of causation current in our days, Hume is said to be the inspiration of two of the most influential and accepted: the regularity theory, first clearly formulated by Thomas Brown in 1822, and the counterfactual theory, proposed by David Lewis in 1973. After a brief outline of the comparative merits and difficulties of these two views, I proceed to examine whether Hume's own treatment of causation actually corresponds to any of them. I will show that his first definition of cause, coupled with his rules by which to judge about causes and effects, contains elements that, properly developed, allow us to address successfully some traditional difficulties of the regularity view of causation, without resorting to the conceptual resources employed in the counterfactual approach. Therefore, we can properly classify Hume as an advocate of the conception of causation as regularity, noting however that his primary goal in his research and definitions of the concept was to provide not so much an analysis of causation as such, but of causation as we apprehend it, in the form of our ability to make causal inferences and refine them to reach the more sophisticated causal reasonings that are required in the theoretical and practical issues of life.

Liste des noms et demeures de MM. les fermiers généraux des fermes royales unies. Pour la quatrième année du bail de Laurent David

[Acte. 1776]

Collection de titres et généalogies, formée par Charles-François BLONDEAU DE CHARNAGE († 1776). MELANGES. Français 26469 (161)

Montres d'armes et pièces militaires (1686-1690) ; — confirmation de l'hérédité aux notaires et procureurs (1690) ; — création de maréchaussées en Franche-Comté (1692) ; — création d'un président et de six notaires-secrétaires en la Chambre des comptes de Dole (1693) ; — suppression des offices de conseillers lieutenants-généraux de police, excepté à Paris, et création de nouveaux offices de conseillers lieutenants-généraux (1699) ; — création de contrôleurs des deniers patrimoniaux et d'octrois et de substituts des procureurs du roi (1694) ; — arrêt du Conseil d'État prescrivant la confection d'un état du personnel des corporations d'arts et métiers (1673) ; — procureurs du roi et greffiers des villes (1691) ; — officiers municipaux (1693) ; — notaires, procureurs, huissiers et sergents (1701) ; — détenteurs d'héritages (1711) ; — offices municipaux (1737-1738) ; — billets de monnaie (1707) ; — laines de Languedoc, de Provence et du Dauphiné (1742) ; — loterie royale (1755) ; — loterie de l'École militaire (1757) ; — récit de la victoire remportée par la flotte française à Gibraltar (1756) ; — ode sur la paix ; — mausolée de Languet de Gergy, curé de St-Sulpice ; — factum pour Jean Sarrazin contre Nicolas Le Fèvre ; — arrêt sur la péremption (1703) ; — attaque du fort St-Philippe (1756) ; — les cabriolets justifiés ; — plan d'association ; — compliment à F.-M. de Verthamon ; — conjuration à Malte (1749) ; — requête du curé de Fontenoy au roi ; — les Tronchinades ; — lettre d'un Français à un Anglais ; — pamphlet en vers contre le pape ; — Nantes (1705) ; — Constitution Unigenitus (1720-1733) ; — condamnation d'une thèse de Jean-Martin de Prades (1752) ; — arrêt en faveur du curé de St-Nicolas-des-Champs (1754) ; — arrêt contre la Lettre de M. l'évêque de Boulogne à M. le Procureur général (1754) ; — arrêt contre Laugieur de Beaurecueil, curé de Ste-Marguerite, à Paris (1755) ; — chapitre Ste-Croix d'Orléans (1755) ; — suppression de deux chambres des Enquêtes (1757) ; — officiers et affaires du Parlement (1753) ; — arrêt concernant la délivrance des prisonniers d'Orléans à l'avènement des évêques de cette ville (1753) ; — mandements de l'archevêque de Paris, des vicaires-généraux de Bourges et de l'évêque de Troyes (1756-1758) ; — règlement pour la chambre des Vacations, tenue aux Grands-Augustins (1753) ; — St-Sauveur de Lille.

Hume: ceticismo e demarcação

Propomo-nos a mostrar que, ao contrário do que supõe o senso comum, é possível separar o problema da cientificidade do problema da verdade, ou seja, podem-se estabelecer critérios de acordo com os quais um conhecimento é legítimo, embora não se possa nunca saber se ele ou qualquer outro é verdadeiro; pode-se, ainda, aplicar esses mesmos critérios para identificar e desqualificar pseudoconhecimentos. Para tratar dessa temática familiar à Filosofia da Ciência, tomamos como exemplo um pensador que lhe é precursor, o filósofo empirista do século XVIII, David Hume.

Letter from William Croswell to Joseph and David A. Croswell, 1825 July 20

Draft of a letter concerning Continental bills in Croswell's care.

Letter from David Phips to Colonel Jonathan Snelling regarding escort of Governor Hutchinson to Harvard Commencement, 1773 July 12

David Phips wrote this letter to Colonel Jonathan Snelling from Cambridge on July 12, 1773, to inform him that Massachusetts Governor Thomas Hutchinson had requested the accompaniment of guards during his travels from Milton to Cambridge on July 21, 1773, to attend the Harvard College Commencement exercises. In the letter, Phips informs Snelling that he has issued warrants to the guards, instructing them to congregate at the Sign of the Grey Hound in Roxbury, Massachusetts at eight o'clock on the morning of the 21st. He explains that twelve other men will march, under the command of Sub-Brigadier Sumner, to the Governor's home in Milton to escort him to Roxbury, where the larger party will assemble. These heightened security measures were certainly prompted by political unrest, although this is not stated explicitly in the letter. Phips concludes by saying: "I shall order a dinner for us at Bradish's, where I hope to have the pleasure to dine with you."

Account book of David Townsend, 1774-1791

Account book kept by Dr. David Townsend (1753-1829) that records patients treated, illnesses, and fees charged in Boston, Massachusetts, and neighboring towns from 1774 to 1791. His patients included a number of soldiers and sailors, as well as figures like the French-American writer John Hector St. John (1735-1813). Townsend's treatments typically consisted of delivering cathartics or emetics. For the family of Samuel Appleton, Townsend administered smallpox inoculation in 1776, charging him 4 pounds, 4 shillings. Townsend sometimes recorded the occupation or race of the patient. For example, he attended the delivery of a child of Sappho Henshaw, "black girl," in 1786; in 1787 he attended to an unnamed "black man at [who lived at the] corner of Board Alley" in the North End of Boston. Other patients included John Hancock (1736-1793) and members of Hancock's household, as well as Federalist publisher John Fenno (1751-1798).

Le Pseautier de David, traduit en françois, avec des notes courtes tirées de S. Augustin, & des autres Peres

Mode of access: Internet.

Les Pseaumes de David /

Mode of access: Internet.

Les Pseaumes de David /

Mode of access: Internet.

Les oeuvres de M.r Le Noble : tome XIX, contenant la suite d'Esprit de David, ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Le Pseautier de David /

Mode of access: Internet.

Le Pseautier de David /

Mode of access: Internet.