Genome-wide Association Studies Identify Genetic Loci Associated With Albuminuria in Diabetes.

Elevated concentrations of albumin in the urine, albuminuria, are a hallmark of diabetic kidney disease and are associated with an increased risk for end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular events. To gain insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying albuminuria, we conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies and independent replication in up to 5,825 individuals of European ancestry with diabetes and up to 46,061 without diabetes, followed by functional studies. Known associations of variants in CUBN, encoding cubilin, with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were confirmed in the overall sample (P = 2.4 × 10(-10)). Gene-by-diabetes interactions were detected and confirmed for variants in HS6ST1 and near RAB38/CTSC. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at these loci demonstrated a genetic effect on UACR in individuals with but not without diabetes. The change in the average UACR per minor allele was 21% for HS6ST1 (P = 6.3 × 10(-7)) and 13% for RAB38/CTSC (P = 5.8 × 10(-7)). Experiments using streptozotocin-induced diabetic Rab38 knockout and control rats showed higher urinary albumin concentrations and reduced amounts of megalin and cubilin at the proximal tubule cell surface in Rab38 knockout versus control rats. Relative expression of RAB38 was higher in tubuli of patients with diabetic kidney disease compared with control subjects. The loci identified here confirm known pathways and highlight novel pathways influencing albuminuria.

Personal constructs in systemic practice

This paper intends to elaborate the relationship between Kelly's Personal Construct Theory (PCT) and the systemic therapies beyond their notable similarities. Kelly's constructive alternativism is situated in the context of the current constructivist orientation that the family therapy movement seems to be adopting. A model of change is presented based on PCT's experience cycle. From this cycle, the relationship between behaviors and constructions is elaborated incorporating Procter's (52, 53) notions of the Family Construct System (FCS) andposition. This model allows for interventions both at behavioral and construction levels, as well as allowing for a certain technical eclecticism while, at the same time, retaining a strong theoretical coherence. This approach is discussed in the context of the debate about strategizing, power, and control held by authors such as Golann, Hoffman, and Tomm. Finally, some implications for research are outlined.

Similitudines nonnullae Sacri Codicis e regno animali

Invocatio: [hepreaa].

Percepção dos pós-graduandos em química da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais sobre a própria formação docente

The pedagogic training of university professors has been overlooked in institutions of higher education. In the second semester of 2009, students of the Graduate Chemistry Program at the Federal University of Minas Gerais participated in an investigation that aimed to evaluate the students' perceptions of their own training to become professors. It was found that a large number of students felt prepared to teach at institutions of higher education, despite their lack of experience at this education level. A significant point in this work was the finding that most students do not acknowledge the need of associating the teaching practice with teaching-learning theories, but instead consider the knowledge of scientific content important.

Der Teufelspakt Fausts in deutscher, finnischer und schwedischer Literatur : ein unmoralisches Angebot?

Avhandlingen handlar om den berömda tyska svartkonstnären och magikern Faust (eller Faustus). Faust gällde - och gäller - som en människa som aldrig nöjde sig med den vetskap som han själv hade kunnat nå. Han beslöt att söka efter en lösning för sitt missnöje hos djävulen i stället, gjorde alltså en pakt med denne för att kunna erfara sådant som egentligen bara Gud kunde veta. Djävulspakten är en av de viktigaste och väsentligaste beståndsdelarna i Faust-traditionen, men just den har också kunnat tolkas på särskild många olika sätt under de senaste århundradena: Vad hände t.ex. med en som gjorde en pakt med djävulen under renässanstiden, hur går det med en sådan människa i vår tid? Kan man överhuvudtaget göra en konkret pakt med en "djävul" i vår inte mera så "strängt-kristliga" tid? Avhandlingen använder djävulspakten och dess moralisk värdering i olika tyska Faust-verk som en röd tråd genom den europeiska litteratur- och kulturhistorian. Därutöver fogas de hittills mycket obekanta finska och svenska Faust-bearbetningarna genom denna röda tråd till den långa tyska Faust-traditionen. Avsikten är att genom ett sådant perspektiv skapa en enhetlig men dock mångsidig traditionskedja för Faust-legenden i Tyskland och i Norden, samt därigenom bevisa att legenden om Faust är fortfarande aktuell: de moraliska frågorna som en djävulspakt väckte på 1600-talet består ännu i dag men har förvandlats i form och följder.

Produção e decomposição de serapilheira em um sistema agroflorestal implantado para recuperação de área degradada em Viçosa-MG

Este estudo teve por objetivos quantificar a produção e decomposição de serapilheira em um sistema agroflorestal em Viçosa-MG e comparar a produção de serapilheira com resultados obtidos em florestas estacionais semideciduais da Região Sudeste do Brasil. Foram utilizados 20 coletores de 0,5 x 0,5 m com fundo em tela de náilon com 1,0 mm² de malha, colocados a 10 cm acima da superfície do solo. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, durante o período de um ano, de setembro de 2000 a agosto de 2001. Em laboratório, o material depositado mensalmente nos coletores foi triado nas frações folhas, ramos (até 2,0 cm de diâmetro) e material reprodutivo, seco em estufa a 70 ºC e pesado em balança de precisão. A produção anual de serapilheira foi estimada em 10.165,13 kg/ha (67,46% de folhas, 19,87% de material reprodutivo e 12,67% de ramos). Os maiores valores de produção ocorreram no final da estação seca, atingindo valor máximo em setembro. O coeficiente de decomposição (K) foi de 1,17 e o tempo necessário para o desaparecimento de 50% da serapilheira foi estimado em 215 dias.

Carcinoma hepatocelular apresentado por metástase óssea

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma usually present with signs of liver disease, but bone metastasis at the initial presentation is a rare condition. We report a case of bone metastasis at the initial presentation in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. A 39 years old man complained of abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss. Computed tomography revealed osteolytic lesions in the body of the lumbar vertebra. Histological examination of the liver showed to be hepatocellular carcinoma. The authors believe that hepatocellular carcinoma should be included in the protocols in patients with clinical manifestations of bone disease.

Miksi reaalisosialistinen DDR romahti?

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Enteroparasitoses, Anemia e Estado Nutricional em Grávidas Atendidas em Serviço Público de Saúde

Objetivos: estimar a freqüência de enteroparasitoses em gestantes de pré-natal de baixo risco e sua associação com anemia, estado nutricional, escolaridade e saneamento (fossa sanitária) no domicílio. Métodos: a partir de amostra de 316 gestantes que iniciaram o pré-natal de baixo risco do ambulatório de pré-natal do Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP) no período de maio de 2000 a julho de 2001, determinaram-se, por meio de um desenho de corte transversal, as freqüências de enteroparasitoses (método Hoffman, em única amostra) e de anemia (Hb <11,0 g/dL), o estado nutricional (índice de massa corporal - IMC - ajustado para idade gestacional) e indicadores sociais (escolaridade e presença de fossa sanitária em domicílio). Resultados: a freqüência de enteroparasitoses entre estas pacientes foi de 37,0%, sendo 31,6% dos casos positivos representados por monoparasitas. As espécies de parasitos mais freqüentes foram Entamoeba histolytica (13,3%) e Ascaris lumbricoides (12,0%). Detectaram-se 55,4% de gestantes anêmicas, 25,0% de desnutridas e 24,1% com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre enteroparasitose e escolaridade. Não se observou, por outro lado, associação entre anemia, estado nutricional materno, presença de fossa sanitária em domicílio e enteroparasitoses. Conclusões: constataram-se freqüência elevada de enteroparasitoses e anemia, sem, entretanto, haver associação entre estas ocorrências. A escolaridade esteve estatisticamente relacionada com a presença de parasitos intestinais.

Götterdämmerung

Lavataltiointi Osterfestspiele Salzburg -festivaaleilta 1970, ensi-ilta.

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Brazilian isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Three Brazilian isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), antigenically distinct from the standard North American isolates, were selected to immunize BALB/c mice in order to obtain hybridoma cells secreting anti-BVDV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Two hybridoma clones secreting mAbs, reacting specifically with BVDV-infected cells (mAbs 3.1C4 and 6.F11), were selected after five fusions and screening of 1001 hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine-resistant clones. These mAbs reacted in an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay with all 39 South and North American BVDV field isolates and reference strains available in our laboratory, yet failed to recognize other pestiviruses, namely the hog cholera virus. The mAbs reacted at dilutions up to 1:25,600 (ascitic fluid) and 1:100 (hybridoma culture supernatant) in IFA and immunoperoxidase (IPX) staining of BVDV-infected cells but only mAb 3.1C4 neutralized virus infectivity. Furthermore, both mAbs failed to recognize BVDV proteins by IPX in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and following SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis of virus-infected cells, suggesting they are probably directed to conformational-type epitopes. The protein specificity of these mAbs was then determined by IFA staining of CV-1 cells transiently expressing each of the BVDV proteins: mAb 3.1C4 reacted with the structural protein E2/gp53 and mAb 6.F11 reacted with the structural protein E1/gp25. Both mAbs were shown to be of the IgG2a isotype. To our knowledge, these are the first mAbs produced against South American BVDV isolates and will certainly be useful for research and diagnostic purposes.

Keskitysleirimuistoja kahdelta aikakaudelta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Meditationes sancti evangelii 30

Invokaatio: Deo duce.

De sanctae nostrarum ecclesiarum bibliothecae libro primo, sacris Bibliis, hebraicis et graecis, et in lingvam nostram popularem translatis: & quod tales translationes in ecclesia licitae

Dedikaatio: Henricus H. Hofmannus, Andreas Ionae Orraeus, Iosephus Petri [Gummerus], Matthias Sigfridi, Carolus Petri Arctophylacius, Iacobus Matthaei Ichthydius.