Análisis de las estrategias de gestión social en la recuperación de patrimonio cultural inmueble en centros históricos. Estudio de Caso: Bogotá, barrio La Candelaria, 2000-2010

Existen factores importantes en el deterioro del Centro Histórico de Bogotá, a saber, los crecientes movimientos poblacionales en el centro de la ciudad, las actividades de comercio que generan funciones poco constructivas para el centro histórico y la no apropiación de toda la población que hace uso de él. A partir de esta problemática se pensó algo que pareciera obvio y es que en buena parte el patrimonio además de la mención o interrogante respecto a los temas de ley tanto del Estado como del Distrito, en su facultad de dar una solución al deterioro del centro histórico, es también pensarlo desde el punto de vista de la gestión social. Entendiendo que el patrimonio no solamente se consolida o se protege pensando desde las herramientas o los recursos que promueve el Estado, sino de la gestión social misma, de aquella que los propios residentes, habitantes o usuarios del centro puedan movilizar.

Gestão de centros históricos: uma avaliação da política de requalificação urbana de Natal/RN

From the second half of the century XX, in many Brazilian cities, the "historic centers" stop being the most densely populated areas of the city, accumulate degradation of the built environment and its functions have physical, social and economic resignified when also intensified interventions in these same centers Historic focused its redevelopment. This work aims to reflect on the experience of urban regeneration in the historic center of Natal, addressing the strategies adopted in the implementation of public policies and how these improve the effectiveness of actions, processes and outcomes for which turn the management of the historic center in question. In Natal, is identified in the neighborhoods of the Upper Town and Ribeira, the historic city center, a large distortion of their ancient architectural complex, the use of sub-urban infrastructure and emptying in the evenings and weekends. Shares redevelopment of the historic center of Natal are considered late, it is only recently that these neighborhoods were objects of policies and projects generally aimed at enhancing the cultural attraction of the area, and not always, it can be said that they have relevance in development process of the city. Added to this, there is the slowness of the interventions, although the zoning as an area of historic preservation has been done for over two decade. In Natal, the ideas of sustainable development articulated a proposed redevelopment of its historic center is still far from being achieved, but on the other hand, the latest phase of implementation of plans and projects in the area, indicating the intention to transform practical experience in the formulations and proposals in relation to these ideals

Caracterização química e mineralógica de azulejos portugueses do centro histórico de São Luís-MA (Brasil): Uma aproximação à mineralogia e à temperatura de queima das matérias-primas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Patrimônio da humanidade: a edificação discursiva da cidade de São Luis nas políticas de preservação do Estado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Operational research applied to regional healthcare system

In this thesis we focus on optimization and simulation techniques applied to solve strategic, tactical and operational problems rising in the healthcare sector. At first we present three applications to Emilia-Romagna Public Health System (SSR) developed in collaboration with Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale dell'Emilia-Romagna (ASSR), a regional center for innovation and improvement in health. Agenzia launched a strategic campaign aimed at introducing Operations Research techniques as decision making tools to support technological and organizational innovations. The three applications focus on forecast and fund allocation of medical specialty positions, breast screening program extension and operating theater planning. The case studies exploit the potential of combinatorial optimization, discrete event simulation and system dynamics techniques to solve resource constrained problem arising within Emilia-Romagna territory. We then present an application in collaboration with Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Lazio that focuses on population demand of service allocation to regional emergency departments. Finally, a simulation-optimization approach, developed in collaboration with INESC TECH center of Porto, to evaluate matching policies for the kidney exchange problem is discussed.

La ciudad y el viento : la morfología urbana y su relación con el uso estancial del espacio público abierto en territorios con vientos fuertes y climas fríos : el caso de la ciudad de Punta Arenas, región de Magallanes, Chile

El presente trabajo ahonda en el conocimiento del viento urbano. La investigación pasa revista a la historia de la relación del viento y la ciudad y revisa tres pares de disciplinas implicadas en comprender mejor dicha relación: la arquitectura y el urbanismo, la meteorología y la climatología y, por último, la ingeniería aeroespacial y la aerodinámica civil. Se estudian el comportamiento y la fluidez del viento al desplazarse por cuerpos romos no fuselados (los edificios y la trama urbana), así como sus efectos dentro de la ciudad. Asimismo, se examinan las metodologías existentes para comprenderlo, medirlo y analizarlo, desde los estudios de proporción y modelamiento en túneles de viento hasta las simulaciones virtuales y las dinámicas de fluidos CFD. Posteriormente se reconoce un caso de estudio que permite analizar el viento como un factor aislado, pero desde los parámetros morfológicos de una ciudad en la que se generan patrones aerodinámicos muy característicos: Punta Arenas, la ciudad más austral del mundo, donde los vientos corren casi siempre desde la misma dirección, el “oeste”, a más de 33,3 m/s, lo que equivale a 120 Km/h. La hipótesis de la investigación es que la morfología del casco histórico de Punta Arenas genera patrones aerodinámicos que condicionan el bienestar en los espacios públicos. El objetivo general de la investigación es estudiar los efectos aerodinámicos presentes en la morfología urbana para mejorar la permanencia en los espacios públicos, proponiendo estrategias para el desarrollo morfológico y volumétrico de los cuerpos edificados. En el desarrollo del caso de estudio se reconocen, al interior del cañón urbano, las temperaturas, los índices de asoleamiento y sus conos de sombra, la dirección del viento y la visualización del vórtice al interior del cañón urbano, para determinar cómo estos factores impactan en el espacio público. Las conclusiones indican que los patrones aerodinámicos presentes en la morfología urbana conducen el viento hacia los espacios públicos que se encuentran o desprotegidos del viento o con excesiva turbulencias, por tanto, los patrones aerodinámicos inciden en el uso estancial de los espacios públicos, generando problemas mecánicos al peatón e incidiendo en la sensación térmica en dichos espacios. Ello permite confirmar que es posible modificar y mejorar el uso de los espacios públicos si somos capaces de modelar la morfología urbana con el fin de reorientar los patrones aerodinámicos que afectan significativamente a dichos espacios. ABSTRACT This work deepens into the knowledge of urban wind. The study reviews the history of the relationship between the wind and the city and reviews three pairs of disciplines involved in understanding better these relationship: Architecture and Urbanism, Meteorology and Climatology and, finally, Aerospace and Civil Aerodynamics. The behavior and flow of wind through blunt bodies not fairings (the buildings and the urban fabric) and its effects within the city are studied. Also, existing methodologies to understand, measure and analyze the wind are examined, from the studios of proportion and modeling in wind tunnels to virtual simulations and fluid dynamics CFD. Subsequently, a case study to analyze the wind as an isolated factor is recognized, but from the morphological parameters of a city where very characteristic aerodynamic patterns are generated: Punta Arenas, the southernmost city in the world, where the winds run almost always from the same direction, the "West", at more than 33.3 m/s, which is equivalent to 120 km/h. The research hypothesis is that the morphology of the historic center of Punta Arenas generates aerodynamic patterns that determine the well-being in public spaces. The overall objective of the research is to study the aerodynamic effects present in the urban morphology to improve retention in public spaces, proposing strategies for morphological and volumetric development of the built bodies. In developing the case study are recognized, within the urban canyon, temperatures, rates of sunlight and shadow cones, wind direction and visualization of the vortex into the urban canyon, to determine how these factors impact in public space. The findings indicate that the aerodynamic patterns in urban morphology lead wind to public spaces that are unprotected or find themselves in a condition of excessive wind or turbulence; therefore, aerodynamic patterns affect the use of public spaces, generating mechanical problems for pedestrians and affecting the thermal sensation in such spaces. This confirms that it is possible to modify and improve the use of public spaces if we are able to model the urban morphology in order to reorient the aerodynamic patterns that significantly affect those spaces.

Conductas de riesgo de los adolescentes escolarizados que frecuentan los bares y discotecas de la “Calle Larga”, Cuenca 2014.

OBJETIVO: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar las conductas de riesgo de los adolescentes escolarizados que frecuentan los bares y discotecas de la “Calle Larga” de la ciudad de Cuenca (Calle del Centro Histórico, donde se sitúa la mayor cantidad de centros de diversión nocturna). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de tipo cuantitativo, transversal. Incluye un universo de 307 adolescentes, del Cantón Cuenca en el año 2014. (1) Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un formulario validado, que fue aplicado previo asentimiento y/o consentimiento informado de los adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años que acuden a “La Calle Larga” los días viernes y sábados durante el mes de Mayo del año 2014. RESULTADOS: En el estudio encontramos que el 67,75% de adolescentes ingiere alcohol, el 28,66% fuma cigarrillo y el 8.79% fuma marihuana, siendo ésta la sustancia ilícita de elección. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de consumo para alcohol, cigarrillo y otras drogas en los adolescentes que asisten a sitios de diversión nocturna en la “Calle Larga”, Cuenca mayo 2014, fue mayor en la adolescencia tardía y constituyen conductas de riesgo la compañía de los amigos. PALABRAS CLAVE: ADOLESCENCIA, ALCOHOL, CIGARRILLO, OTRAS DROGAS.

Reabilitação sustentável do património

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com Especialização em Arquitectura de Interiores, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.

Intervención urbano arquitectónica en el manzano 002-N13 del Centro Histórico de Cuenca

Los centros históricos patrimoniales de las ciudades son organismos vivosque se ven afectados por una serie de actuaciones, que surgen por la expansión de la ciudad y las nuevas necesidades. Factores que frecuentemente atentan contra el patrimonio edificado y sus valores, causando en muchas ocasiones pérdidas irreversibles. El centro histórico de la ciudad de Cuenca presenta problemas de destrucción y deterioro del patrimonio edificado por la deficiente valoración histórica-crítica. Además, la inversión de recursos y actuaciones urbanas se limita a los manzanos circundantes a la plaza central sin alcanzar a la periferia del casco histórico. Por este motivo, surge el estudio del manzano 002-N13, en donde se emplaza la Iglesia Patrimonial y el geriátrico Hogar Asilo Cristo Rey. Para el cual se propone un proyecto de intervención urbano arquitectónico quetiene como objetivo re-potencializar las condiciones históricas, funcionales y formales del mismo. Siendo necesario realizar una investigación integral del manzano y del contexto urbano inmediato, un estudio histórico crítico y una valoración de las edificaciones con el fin de facultar reflexiones que permitan adquirir una postura adecuada de actuación urbano arquitectónica.

Effects of home environment and center-based child care quality on children’s

This study examined the joint effects of home environment and center-based child care quality on children’s language, communication, and early literacy development, while also considering prior developmental level. Participants were 95 children (46 boys), assessed as toddlers (mean age = 26.33 months;Time 1) and preschoolers (mean age = 68.71 months; Time 2) and their families. At both times, children attended center-based child care classrooms in the metropolitan area of Porto, Portugal. Results from hierarchical linear models indicated that home environment and preschool quality, but not center-based toddler child care quality, were associated with children’s language and literacy outcomes at Time 2. Moreover, the quality of preschool classrooms moderated the association between home environment quality and children’s language and early literacy skills – but not communication skills – at Time 2, suggesting the positive cumulative effects of home environment and preschool quality. Findings further support the existence of a detrimental effect of low preschool quality on children’s language and early literacy outcomes: positive associations among home environment quality and children’s developmental outcomes were found to reduce substantially when children attended low-quality preschool classrooms.

Princípios para a reabilitação sustentável low cost de edifícios antigos: estudo de um quarteirão no centro da cidade do Porto

Dissertação de mestrado em Construção e Reabilitação Sustentável

A structured inventory of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) in natural and artificial forest gaps at Porto Urucu, Western Brazilian Amazonia

A preliminary survey of the spider fauna in natural and artificial forest gap formations at “Porto Urucu”, a petroleum/natural gas production facility in the Urucu river basin, Coari, Amazonas, Brazil is presented. Sampling was conducted both occasionally and using a protocol composed of a suite of techniques: beating trays (32 samples), nocturnal manual samplings (48), sweeping nets (16), Winkler extractors (24), and pitfall traps (120). A total of 4201 spiders, belonging to 43 families and 393 morphospecies, were collected during the dry season, in July, 2003. Excluding the occasional samples, the observed richness was 357 species. In a performance test of seven species richness estimators, the Incidence Based Coverage Estimator (ICE) was the best fit estimator, with 639 estimated species. To evaluate differences in species richness associated with natural and artificial gaps, samples from between the center of the gaps up to 300 meters inside the adjacent forest matrix were compared through the inspection of the confidence intervals of individual-based rarefaction curves for each treatment. The observed species richness was significantly higher in natural gaps combined with adjacent forest than in the artificial gaps combined with adjacent forest. Moreover, a community similarity analysis between the fauna collected under both treatments demonstrated that there were considerable differences in species composition. The significantly higher abundance of Lycosidae in artificial gap forest is explained by the presence of herbaceous vegetation in the gaps themselves. Ctenidae was significantly more abundant in the natural gap forest, probable due to the increase of shelter availability provided by the fallen trees in the gaps themselves. Both families are identified as potential indicators of environmental change related to the establishment or recovery of artificial gaps in the study area.

RESTORATION OF THE ROTATION CENTER IN MINIMALLY-INVASIVE TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the challenges in obtaining a successful restoration of the rotation center as well as a good positioning of the acetabular component when using the minimally-invasive posterior approach for uncemented total hip replacement. Methods: In a comparative non-random prospective study, 64 adult patients underwent elective total hip arthroplasty using the minimally-invasive posterior approach performed by one single surgeon, All patients included in this study had a superior and lateral migration of the rotation center of the hip in comparison to the normal contralateral hip. Patients were excluded from the study if they presented the following: diagnosis of femoral neck fracture, displasic hip types 2, 3 and 4 (Crowe`s classification), osteoarthritis of the contralateral hip. Of the 64 patients in the study, 39 had a radiographic pre-op acetabular size planning equal or less than 50 mm and 25 patients had a radiographic pre-op acetabular size planning equal or more than 52 mm. We considered a good result the following goals: acetabular bend between 35 and 50 degrees, acetabular size according to the pre-op estimative with full contact in the three zones of DeLee-Charnley, a lower medial and vertical positioning of the rotation center in comparison with the pre-op values and a final limb discrepancy lower than 10 mm. Results: A better restoration of the rotation center, as well as, excellent acetabular positioning was found in patients with smaller acetabular size (equal or less than 50), p=0, 04. We must draw attention to two risks when using the minimally-invasive posterior approach: a vertical acetabular position and a lateral position of the acetabular component increasing the risk of a poor contact in the zone 1 due to an insufficient reaming of the medial acetabular host bone. Conclusion: We propose standard surgical approaches in patients with larger anatomical measurements (acetabular planning size more than 50).

A casa de Porto Seguro : estudo da morfologia da casa portuguesa no Brasil

O estudo da morfologia das casas da rua Dr. Antônio Ricaldi na Cidade Alta de Porto Seguro no estado da Bahia tem como objetivo esclarecer os limites da influência da arquitetura portuguesa na construção das casas do sítio histórico referido tombado pelo IPHAN desde 1973. Foi realizado um estudo comparativo da tipologia das casas do mesmo conjunto arquitetônico e através da referência teórica da história da arquitetura portuguesa e da evolução urbana nos primeiros núcleos populacionais no Brasil é apresentado a aproximação tipológica portuguesa mais semelhante as casas do conjunto estudado em Porto Seguro. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada na Cidade Alta de Porto Seguro de 2012 à 2014. O recorte escolhido para o estudo foram 25 casas da rua Dr. Antônio Ricaldi, com ênfase na casa de Edson Ramalho Jr número 65; por sua relevância na conservação da tipologia como um exemplo mais semelhante a uma casa vernácula1 de porta e janela análoga às primitivas construções desse sítio. Esta casa tem um destaque especial por sua localização privilegiada dentro do sítio e como um ponto de referência da história da arquitetura portuguesa no Brasil. O uso da casa como museu: Casa Histórica aconteceu de 1996 à 2004 como um modelo capaz de elencar projetos culturais e educativos para a Cidade Alta, visando o uso, conservação, difusão e sustentabilidade do patrimônio histórico e cultural. A documentação levantada com a pesquisa é relevante para o estímulo da arquitetura vernácula e uma referência à memória da arquitetura portuguesa no Brasil. Fomentando novos estudos e empreendimentos sobre o tema, para um sítio histórico pouco estudado, em uma região de grande visitação turística no Brasil mas, sem projetos que visem a devida conservação, apresentação e uso desse sítio de forma sustentável

Tourists’ perceptions of world heritage destinations: The case of Guimarães (Portugal)

Guimara˜es is a UNESCO world heritage site, deemed as such in 2001 and hosted the 2012 European Capital of Culture. This paper examines the profile, destination image, and motivations of tourists’ visiting behaviors in Guimara˜es before the cultural event. Based on survey responses from 276 tourists, we found that tourists arriving in Guimara˜es had previously visited the two most important cities in the northern part of Portugal. These respondents were relatively young and well educated compared to the average tourists that visited Portugal. The results suggest that many tourists were aware of the city status as a world heritage site that encompasses a historic center, monuments, and architectural buildings. Furthermore, these perceptions shape the image of Guimara˜es, as the factor analysis indicates that ‘‘historical background and functionality’’ was the most reliable and valid factor behind the choice of visiting the city.