Praias urbanas e racionalidade ambiental: avaliação da gestão, das intervenções urbanísticas e dos usos na praia de ponta negra

This dissertation addresses issues considered essential for sustainable development of urban waterfronts and beaches. Many of these spaces, even though they are of public authorities, economic market and general population interests - due to its landscape, its importance for recreation purposes and as a basis of " Sun and beach Tourism " (Turismo de Sol e Praia), among other factors - have shown aesthetic, health and cultural degradation, entailing environmental, economic and social losses and conflicts. Based on this perception, the research aims to understand the main reasons for these negative results for beach spaces. To this end, it was chosen the case study of a typical urban beach, Ponta Negra Beach, located in Natal, RN. Ponta Negra is associated with the "postcard" of the city and it has been deserving of municipal urban planning legislation that legally recognizes the importance of its landscape. Also it has received constant investments by the Government through urban projects, arguing to leave the site attractive to its users. Nevertheless, in the last fifteen years, the beach has lived with the expansion of its problems, such as those related to bathing water, to coastal erosion, and to the mangling of its natural surroundings. Social conflicts have also been frequent in this time frame: conflicts between residents of the waterfront and traders who work on the beach, between the traders themselves, between the managers of space and fishermen, between managers and formal and informal traders. Many of these social and environmental conflicts have taken such grand proportions that became legal matters. Assuming that the problems identified are related to the issue of rationality - understood as a system of values, norms and actions that relate means and ends - and upholding the need for focused research on "environmental rationality" to understand and interpret the dynamics of social and environmental problems encountered on site, the research that guides the study relies on the Mexican economist Enrique Leff's theory on "environmental rationality" which, briefly, can be defined as a system of values, norms, actions and means and ends relations based on the principles of environmental management and sustainable development. Among other aspects, rationality encompasses cross-sectional planning of public administration, the participation of society in the management of environmental resources, interdisciplinary reorganization of knowledge, the clash of opposing interests and the conciliation of common goals of different social actors. The study evaluates the relationship between "environmental rationality", as proposed by Enrique Leff, with the management, urban interventions and uses observed in Ponta Negra Beach. For that, some benchmarks were established and considered in the research as related to sustainable development of the "beachy" atmosphere. Analytical instruments chosen were the urban transformations and the environmental and social problems that have been the target of lawsuits. Also part of the study, the problems that were the subject of civil investigations, which are investigation procedures carried out by the Prosecutor's Office.

A importância da caraterização geoambiental para elaboração de planejamento territorial ambiental: o exemplo do primeiro distrito do município de Rio Bonito (RJ)

O crescimento populacional acelerado e a imposição do mercado regional e global no município de Rio Bonito (RJ) proporcionaram alterações no seu espaço territorial. As observações cotidianas e a análise dos mapas e imagens de satélites do município trouxeram questionamentos sobre a organização territorial em face de novos empreendimentos e a situação ambiental. Com essas demandas diferenciadas surge a necessidade de estudos integrados para se caracterizar em escala local as problemáticas com o uso e cobertura da terra e tentar oferecer possibilidades de reorganização numa visão holística de todo o processo, que é dinâmico. A caracterização com uma perspectiva sistêmica, nesse estudo, recebe o nome de Geoambiental. O município de Rio Bonito está localizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e possui uma área total de 456,45 km2. É dividido em três distritos: Sede, Boa Esperança e Basílio. O trabalho em questão busca um entendimento sobre as condições ambientais das unidades de paisagem no Primeiro Distrito, a fim de subsidiar alternativas de um desenvolvimento sustentável. A pesquisa teve como objetivo principal demonstrar a importância da Caracterização Geoambiental para realização de planejamento territorial em consonância com a preservação ambiental. Além disso, buscou-se realizar análise do uso e cobertura da terra, identificar vulnerabilidades e estabilidades das Unidades Geoambientais e identificar alternativas viáveis para as questões socioambientais e que tenham como base a compreensão da dinâmica local, as relações sociais e passivos ambientais. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na determinação das Unidades Geoambientais com base na revisão bibliográfica, observação de campo, análise de imagens de satélite, dos mapas geomorfológicos, de drenagem e altimétricos. As informações obtidas foram analisadas para geração de banco de dados digitais no Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), associadas com informações socioeconômicas. A disponibilidade do banco de dados possibilitou a geração de camadas temáticas pela aplicação de rotinas computacionais específicas, permitindo a sua atualização constante. As informações referentes à geologia, geomorfologia, hidrografia, clima, solo, vegetação, recursos minerais foram selecionadas e sistematizadas para a análise das Unidades Geoambientais. A análise do uso e cobertura do solo do Primeiro Distrito revelou que em 2011 as pastagens ocupavam 14.610 ha (67,89%), seguido da floresta com 4.039 ha (18,76%), vegetação secundária e pastagem com 1.848 ha (8,58%) e ocupação urbana de média e baixa densidade, somadas, com 999 ha (4,63%). A caracterização do uso e cobertura do solo é indispensável para compreensão da organização espacial e planejamento de uma gestão ambiental, considerando que a implantação do Complexo Petroquímico do Rio de Janeiro (COMPERJ) demandará aumento de população e conseqüente sobrecarga na infraestrutura básica municipal. A análise do uso e cobertura demonstrou que os principais problemas das Unidades Geoambientais são decorrentes do uso inadequado da terra em relação as suas potencialidades. O estudo demonstrou, portanto que, a realização de estudos integrados do espaço geográfico pode ser efetuada, sendo necessário lembrar a relevância de se compreender a dinâmica do ambiente para a realização de projetos municipais com vistas a um planejamento territorial sustentável.

Índice de sustentabilidade ambiental do uso da água (ISA_ÁGUA): municípios da região do entorno do rio Poxim, SE.

Os recursos hídricos são cada vez mais vulneráveis à degradação provocada pelo desenvolvimento acelerado das cidades brasileiras, observando-se uma redução da qualidade e da quantidade dos mananciais disponíveis e o conflito no uso da água. Tal fato, também ocorre na região do Rio Poxim (SE), importante manancial para um grande número de propriedades rurais, tanto para consumo humano e animal quanto para irrigação, e mais recentemente, para uso industrial; abastece também a capital, Aracaju, de fundamental importância econômica em Sergipe. O Índice de Sustentabilidade Ambiental do Uso da Água (ISA_ÁGUA), representa uma proposta metodológica inovadora de suporte à implementação de um processo de gestão dos recursos hídricos para os municípios do entorno da região do Rio Poxim, já que se diferencia dos demais métodos pela análise integrada dos Perfis Social, Econômico e Ecológico de uma região. Considerouse as características demográficas da população residente, dos domicílios, das atividades econômicas predominantes, juntamente com importantes aspectos ecológicos, permitindo uma avaliação do seu estado de conservação. Os dados secundários componentes dos Perfis Social e Econômico municipal, provieram do IBGE para o ano 2000, referentes aos censos demográficos, às estatísticas vitais e aos levantamentos municipais. O Perfil Ecológico constituiu-se predominantemente de dados primários que abrangem inventários socio-ambientais dos pontos de captação de água e levantamentos nos pontos potenciais de poluição, bem como informações sobre a ocupação das terras no âmbito regional. O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar um panorama da região do Rio Poxim, através da análise integrada dos perfis citados, para obtenção do ISA_ÁGUA, auxiliando na indicação de medidas voltadas à conservação e uso dos recursos hídricos no âmbito regional. Aracaju destingiu-se por sua estrutura econômica e dinâmica de ocupação do solo, com a boa oferta de bens e serviços à população residente; por outro lado, teve a condição ecológica prejudicada pela inadequada gestão ambiental, diante da grande concentração urbana e atividades econômicas, também maiores em termos regionais, acarretando um índice de sustentabilidade do uso da água igualmente ruim.

Práticas de gestão e avaliação de desempenho ambiental no setor portuário em Portugal

A avaliação do desempenho ambiental e de sustentabilidade por parte das organizações tem vindo a ganhar cada vez mais relevância nos últimos anos, incluindo nas organizações relacionadas com a atividade portuária. Cada vez mais se verifica a necessidade de analisar e comunicar o desempenho do setor, na perspetiva económica, social e também ambiental. Neste sentido, as práticas e instrumentos de gestão e avaliação de desempenho fornecem os meios necessários e permitem ainda apoiar a gestão e os processos de tomada de decisão. Dado que o setor portuário é um dos setores de atividade mais importantes a nível mundial e também a nível nacional, a integração da gestão ambiental na sua estrutura terá um impacte significativo no desempenho económico e ambiental de cada país. Contudo, este é um setor em que se verificam lacunas na investigação sobre a utilização deste tipo de práticas, nomeadamente no contexto português. A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo analisar as práticas de gestão e avaliação de desempenho ambiental no setor portuário em Portugal, incluindo os portos do continente e também das regiões autónomas. Por forma a cumprir o objetivo a que se propunha, desenvolveu-se um inquérito por questionário. Este foi posteriormente aplicado aos portos nacionais, e permitiu traçar o perfil de utilização dessas práticas bem como identificar os pontos fortes e fracos e criar algumas recomendações direcionadas ao setor. Os principais resultados revelaram que, apesar de existiram algumas práticas já implementadas, existe uma grande margem para evoluir, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos portos de menores dimensões. Os portos nacionais necessitam de apostar mais na implementação e utilização de práticas de gestão e avaliação de desempenho ambiental, nomeadamente de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental, formação na área do ambiente, utilização de indicadores de desempenho e de procedimentos de monitorização. Espera-se ainda que o trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação possa impulsionar a criação de melhorias no setor portuário nacional e o desenvolvimento de outros estudos complementares nesta área.

Análise dos indicadores municipais de sustentabilidade ambiental utilizados no Grande ABC

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul - USCS

A responsabilidade do município no uso racional da água: possibilidade de inovação e gestão por desempenho

A água é um bem escasso, com demanda crescente tanto pelo crescimento das populações como pelo maior uso da água pelos novos processos e produtos impostos pelos padrões de conforto e bem estar da vida moderna e na produção de alimentos. Ao mesmo tempo em que aumenta a demanda de água,com seus usos múltiplos, a sua qualidade vem diminuindo pela degradação ambiental. Ouso racional da água deve ser tratado comointeresse público que se traduz na busca sistemática de diminuição dos desperdícios de água. No Brasil existem políticas públicasfederais que incluem esta preocupação, mas que devem ser aprimoradas, pois não exigem uma gestão por desempenho dos operadores dos sistemas de água. O governo local, municipal, tem dupla responsabilidade: como produtor de água, via sistemas públicos de águaecomo grande consumidor, através da rede de sistemas prediais públicos. A gestão dos desperdícios de água é focadono incentivo à cultura da medição, na prática do Balanço Hídrico dos sistemas de água, na gestão do consumo descentralizado nas unidades públicas consumidoras, e incentivos motivacionais para o melhor uso, com ênfase na transparência das informações.

O licenciamento ambiental pelos municípios: uma análise sobre o federalismo cooperativo adotado pela Constituição Federal

In complex federal systems as that found in Brazil, which provides simultaneous attributions to of the Union, States and Cities in many aspects, the definition of performance limits of each of these entities, in procedural or material aspect, generates many (positive and/or negative) competence conflicts, bringing insecurity to general administered. Environmental licensing is one of the most important instruments of environmental management, seeking the realization of the fundamental right to an ecologically balanced and sustainable development. Despite its importance, the environmental licensing has not been more effective due the conflict related to the authority to regulate regardind environmental law. This essay will analyze the structure of competence distribution for conducting the environmental licensing processes, the conflict between laws, the performance of the municipal environmental agencies, the cooperation between the licensing agencies and the future about the additional regulatory law of article 23 of Federal Constitution

Diagnóstico ambiental da gestão e destinação dos resíduos da construção e demolição (RCD): análise das Construtoras Associadas ao SINDUSCON/RN e empresas coletoras atuantes no município de Parnamirim - RN

Surveys carried out in many Brazilian cities have shown that the CDW Construction and Demolition Waste, in some cases, represent more than 50% of the mass of urban solid residue. Municipalities have struggled to manage in an effective way huge quantities of CDW generated every day and solve the problem of the illegal dumping in an inadequate area, which compromise the quality of life of the population as a whole, thus causing serious problems concerning social-environmental and sanitary. This paperwork was meant it carry out environmental diagnosis of the management and the final destination of the CDW in the city of Parnamirim/RN. The methodology used in this work constituted in the bibliographical research, conducted to give support and fundaments to the subject in question, identification of the main places of legal and illegal dumping, identification of the environmental impacts caused by the irregular deposition of the CDW, valuation of quantity and quality of the CDW and perception according to the Environmental Legislation. The necessary data for the elaboration of this study were carried out through the appliance of questionnaires with open and closed questions, applied to 14 (fourteen) Real Estate developer companies associated with SINDUSCON/RN and 05 companies that deal with the transportation and collection of CDW, formal and informal interviews, exploitational visits and photographical records. The collected data went through a statistic treatment being organized into tables and graphs. The main results obtained from this research show that the interviewees hold a medium knowledge of the specific Environmental Legislation; do not have an effective model of environmental management, resorting to only reusing CDW; that the reusing of CDW is not substantial, as much as the possibility of recycling has a minimal consideration. It was also verified that a considerable percentage of interviewees affirmed to send CDW to illegal and inadequate locations. It is expected that such study can be used as an important tool to subsidize the public administration in the pursuit of solutions which could bring benefits to society and the environment

Impacto urbano ocasionado por empreendimentos da construção civil no entorno da zona de proteção ambiental (zpa-6), Vila de Ponta Negra, Natal/RN

The process of urbanization in recent decades has generated considerable seriousness of problems relating to the use and occupation physical environment of cities. The concentration of population, economic activities and technological standards have reinforced an existing urban environment highly degraded as a consequence of the development style that leads to the predatory use of natural resources. In this context, cities as centers of production and consumption, have the most serious problems of environmental degradation. This study investigated the impacts of the municipal building projects to large-scale vertical in the town of Vila de Ponta Negra, Natal-RN, given the proximity to the Environmental Protection Area (ZPA-6) and considering its environmental importance , scenic, landscape and tourism for the city of Natal-RN. The fragility of the licensing process and the failure of the assumptions in the analysis, objective and subjective, for the granting of environmental permits for the building construction projects, specifically those set out in the surroundings of the Environmental Protection Area (ZPA-6) and fundamental importance of landscape and tourism for the city of Natal, has aroused the concern of local people in and of itself the Government, faced with the probable impacts that will affect greatly the Vila de Ponta Negra. The methodology used to achieve the intended objectives will be the literature review, questionnaire to the surrounding population and the Government, as well as findings on the spot, through the photographic record. The beneficiaries of the license, if the entrepreneurs, have been affected because of the granting of licensing act of investing large amount of capital in the works. Additionally, with distrust of the population, since they are to discredit the public system of environmental management have guessed by the probability of imbalance to the environment and structural damage to the Vila de Ponta Negra, where such failure to support energy, lack of regular supply of water , lack of sanitation and access roads sufficient for the flow of motor vehicles in these areas, among other factors. Thus, this work will contribute to the diagnosis and solutions to the problem in question, so that the Government will effectively fulfill its social management of ecologically balanced environment of continuing urban development in Natal, Brazil

Fatores influenciadores da participação pública na tomada de decisão ambiental :o caso do programa de combate ao caramujo gigante (Achatina fulica) em Parnamirim/RN

The aim of this work is to investigate the factors which influence people s participation in the enviromental decision, in Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, from the vision of the residents of that area, approaching the Plan of Control/Eradication of the African s Huge Snail (Achatina Fulica),with the jointly work of IBAMA and Municipal Town Hall of Parnamirim .The applied methodology consists of a research (Survey kind) including 395 interviews by people who live in that county, with minimum age of 18, within an universe of 124.690 residents. The choice of the county was due to a detection (made by IBAMA technicians and reported in a Technical Report) -which showed that the dangerous Snail is already spreading in 14 of 17 districts of the county-, as well as the support given by Parnamirim s Town Hall, with the implementation of the Plan Control/Eradication of the African s Huge Snail, widely known as Day C . The research tools used in that research consists of questionnaires with all sorts of questions. The results show us that most of the residents were feeling threatened by the presence of the animal as well as having had a little participation in the fight against the animal. It also shows us that residents believe that organizations (Town Hall, IBAMA and Local Community) involved are able to solve the problem and believe that the amounts which organization are supposed to take 89,4 %, 87,6% and 80,8%, in that order. As we check the results, we notice in 95%, the variety of threaten and frequency reunion and participation level

Passivo ambiental e o setor de exploração de petróleo em terra: abordagem teórica e percepção institucional dos impactos ambientais gerados na atividade

The search for a sustainable development is result of the exhaustion of the natural resources of the planet that demands globalizated politics with practical of compatible economic development with the protection of the quality of life for the future generations. This work presents a study on the thematic on the environmental liabilities in the organizations with focus in the industry of the oil and the production of oil in land in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Some types of environmental liabilities are presented, as well as, some estimates techniques. Moreover, this work presents surveys of some variable that stimulate the organizations to implant technologies of reduction of the impacts in the environment as: the environmental legislation, costs, the main impacts of the production of oil in land. On the basis of the bibliographical research and in the identified variable, it was carried a case study with state and municipal technician that act in the sectors of fiscalization (IBAMA-RN and IDEMA-RN) with the objective to deepen the discussion regarding the impacts of the industry of the oil, the effectiveness of the current law, the performance of the institutions the federal level and how to prevent impacts in the environment. It was observed that the environmental liabilities are a little spread subject in the organizations, perhaps to be unknown and of few theoretical referencees at the national level, regarding to the evaluation techniques. At the same time, absentee in the national politics that conducts the oil exploration

Geoprocessamento aplicado a gestão de informações territoriais do município de Grossos-RN :estudo multitemporal do uso e ocupação do solo

The present work was carried through in the Grossos city - RN and had as main objectives the elaboration of an physicist-ambient, socioeconomic survey and execution a multisecular evaluation of 11 years, between 1986 and 1996, using remote sensing products, to evaluate the modifications of the land use, aiming at the generation of an information database to implementation a geographical information system (GIS) to management the this city. For they had been in such a way raised given referring the two Demographic Censuses carried through by the IBGE (1991 and 2000) and compared, of this form was possible to the accomplishment of an evaluation on the demographic aspects (degree of urbanization, etária structure, educational level) and economic (income, habitation, vulnerability, human development). For the ambient physical survey the maps of the natural resources had been confectioned (simplified geology, hydrography, geomorphologi, veget covering, ground association, use and occupation), based in comments of field and orbital products of remote sensoriamento (images Spot-HRVIR, Landsat 5-TM and IKONOS - II), using itself of techniques of digital picture processing. The survey of these data and important in the identification of the potentialities and fragilities of found ecosystems, therefore allows an adequate planning of the partner-economic development by means of an efficient management. The project was part of a partnership between the Grossos city hall the municipal City hall of Grossos - RN and the Geoscience post-graduate program of the UFRN, more specifically the Geomatica laboratory LAGEOMA

Um enfoque psicológico da educação ambiental no contexto da gestão: uma experiência de Fernando de Noronha

Currently, many companies pay attention to the necessities of change of attitude in relation to the use of the natural resources and the environment quality of its products, mainly to keep a positive and competitive image in the market. This new concept of management associates the productive activities to the care with environment using the education of environment as a tool of programs of qualification directed toward the promotion of pro-environment behaviors. For effectiveness of this management it is essential the attachment of the employees and the major understanding of the importance of the preservation of the environment. This was the objective of the qualification process carried out in a lodge in Fernando de Noronha island. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to verify the power of this management system which fulfills the objectives of the environmental education. It was applied questionnaires to employees of three Inns and carried out a interview, in one Inn, with the participants of the program of qualification. The analysis of the data showed that the actions as care with the environment are strongly associates to the management system, which includes garbage control, as well water economy. It was observed that the environment accomplishment (EcoAntro) of the employees with environment decreases in proportion to their qualification. In the same way, as higher the instruction level, of the speaker and/or of the father, less is the apathy for environmental questions. It was also noticed that the knowledge about the development sustainability was very poorly used by the interviewed. The pro-environment behavior mentioned before, is not necessarily related to a local autonomy posture that could express a behavior related to job but not to environment it self. Therefore, a complete understanding about the reverberation of environment information an all the placed factors in a life stile facing a construction of sustainability remains as a question to be studied in future researches

Zoneamento geoambiental como subsídio ao planejamento territorial municipal: estudo de caso para Currais Novos/RN

This paper presents the master plan and geoenvironmental zoning natures as instruments of environmental planning and management. The discussion of territory environmental planning is guided by two directions: at first the environmental elements involved in planning and the another is the implementation of these instruments at the municipal territory. To analyze the planning directed of the municipal territory we consider the fragments of its, represented by country and urban. The master plan inside of the Estatuto da Cidade (City Statute) and the geoenvironmental zoning are directed to territorial environmental planning. Regarding of the master plan the first challenge has been the spacial area that the plan can cover. It is necessary to prepare master plans that could include all the territory. The environmental zoning are directed for the territory totality.In this sense, the geoenvironmental zoning of the Currais Novos was done in the totality of the municipal territory and guided by the environmental physics variables. The geoenvironmental zoning sets in a planning and ordering of the territory instrument based in the landscape analysis. Therefore grounded in the Geosystems‟s Theory this work has like a main objective to propose a geoenvironmental zoning for the Currais Novos Municipality in RN. So, was used an analysis technique suggested for Bardin (2010) and the Currais Novos‟s physical environment characterization through of the fieldwork and cartographic data vectorization, beyond the image‟s treatment SRTM. The geoenvironmental systems definitions were based in the suggestion of Cestaro, et al. (2007) support in Bertrand (1968). For both were identified five geoenvironmental systems: Borborema Plateau, Residual plateau, Chapada da Serra de Santana, semiarid river valley and lagoon valley and eleven geoenvironmental subsystems: Borborema Plateau Western Slope, Isolated Massif of the Borborema Plateau, Residual Crest, Residual Massif, Erosional Scarp of the Chapada, flat top plateau, fluvial plains, temporary river of the semiarid and ornamental water or sluice