Papel do zinco sobe a fertilidade e função testicular de ratos expostos ao tabaco

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Epidemiologia da infecção genital pelo Papilomavírus humano (HPV) em população feminina geral e população carcerária

A infecção genital pelo Papilomavírus humano (HPV) é considerada uma das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs) mais comum, representando um importante problema na Saúde Pública, além de estar diretamente relacionado à promoção do câncer de colo uterino. Este estudo teve o intuito de investigar os aspectos epidemiológicos da infecção genital pelo HPV em dois grupos distintos: mulheres de população geral e mulheres encarceradas. Para tanto foi conduzido um estudo transversal analítico com 423 mulheres a partir dos 18 anos que se submeteram ao exame preventivo do câncer do colo uterino, sendo 233 mulheres da população geral oriundas de uma unidade básica de saúde da cidade de Belém do Pará e 190 provenientes do Centro de Reeducação Feminino em Ananindeua no mesmo Estado, no período de janeiro de 2008 a março de 2010. Amostras da cérvice uterina foram coletadas para a realização da colpocitologia convencional e para a detecção do DNA do HPV através da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) mediada pelos oligonucleotídeos iniciadores universais MY9/11. Todas as mulheres responderam a um formulário clínico e epidemiológico. Entre as 423 mulheres analisadas, a prevalência geral de infecção genital pelo HPV foi de 13,0% com variação entre 15,0% para a amostra geral e 10,5% para a carcerária. A faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 13 a 25 anos (19%) na amostra geral; e em mulheres com 45 anos ou mais (21,1%), nas carcerárias. Anormalidades Colpocitológicas, situação conjugal, número de parceiros sexuais novos, o uso de anticoncepcionais orais, história de DST e de sintomas genitais, além de tabagismo atual, foram fatores que se mostraram associados à infecção genital pelo HPV de maneira diferenciada entre amostras da população geral e carcerária.

Prevalência de alterações clínicas e histopatológicas do sistema genital de búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) no Estado do Amapá

Com o objetivo de se verificar a prevalência das enfermidades causadoras da infertilidade, examinaram-se clinicamente 895 búfalas, procedentes do município de Cutias do Araguari, Estado do Amapá. Realizaram-se exames ginecológicos e testes para detecção de tuberculose e brucelose, e analisaram-se 1000 peças de genitais de búfalas abatidas em matadouro. A prevalência de tuberculose e brucelose a nível de campo foi de 9,33% e 9,11%, respectivamente. Das 895 búfalas examinadas, 299 (33,41%) encontravam-se gestantes, sendo que 188 (62,88%) no corno direito e 111 (37,12%) no corno esquerdo. No grupo de búfalas com alterações, foram constatadas os seguintes distúrbios: a) alterações ovarianas: ovários afuncionais, 75 (8,37%); cisto folicular, 6 (0,67%); b) alterações no oviduto: aderências focais, 24 (2,9%); aderências difusas, 22 (2,46%); hidrossalpinge, 8 (0,9%); c) alterações no útero e cérvice: endometrite crônica suave, 5 (0,56%); endometrite crônica moderada, 7 (0,78%); cérvice irregular, 14 (2,9%); d) alterações da vulva e da vagina: vulva dilacerada, 9 (1,1%) num total de 172 (19,21%) vacas com alguma alteração. Nas análises realizadas em matadouro foram evidenciadas 661 (66,10%) animais gestantes, sendo que destes 86 (8,6%) apresentavam alguma alteração e 339 (33,9%) animais não gestantes, sendo 74 (7,4%) com alguma alteração. Das 661 gestantes, 412 (62,3%) foram do corno direito e 249 (37,7%) do corno esquerdo. As alterações encontradas foram: a) alterações ovarianas: ovários afuncionais, 16 (1,6%); cisto para-ovárico, 5 (0,5%); cisto de inclusão epitelial, 8 (0,8%); cisto folicular, 1 (0,1%); b) alterações da tuba uterina: hidrossalpinge, 18 (1,8%); cisto tubo-ovárico, 5 (0,5%); aderências focais, 70 (7,0%); aderências difusas, 21 (2,1%); c) alterações do útero e cérvice: endometrites, 9 (0,9%); perimetrite, 3 (0,3%); adenomiose, 1 (0,1%); aplasia segmentar do útero, 1 (0,1%); gestação gemelar, 1 (0,1%); cérvice irregular, 1 (0,1%). A maior porcentagem de fetos estavam no terço final da gestação com 236 (35,65%) casos. Pode-se concluir que inúmeros são os problemas que podem afetar a fertilidade das búfalas e que cabe uma identificação destes para resolver problemas de produtividade do rebanho.

Evaluation of the therapeutic response of hepatitis C in coinfected patients (HIV/HCV): a study of cases from a hospital for chronic liver diseases in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic response of hepatitis C in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). METHODS: A retrospective study of 20 patients coinfected with HIV-1/HCV who were treated in the outpatient liver clinic at the Sacred House of Mercy Foundation Hospital of Pará (Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará - FSCMPA) from April 2004 to June 2009. Patients were treated with 180µg PEG interferon-α2a in combination with ribavirin (1,000 to 1,250mg/day) for 48 weeks. The end point was the sustained virological response (SVR) rate (HCV RNA negative 24 weeks after completing treatment). RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 40±9.5 years, of which 89% (n=17) were male, and the HCV genotypes were genotype 1 (55%, n=11/20), genotype 2 (10%, n=2/20) and genotype 3 (35%, n=7/20). The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count was 507.8, and the liver fibrosis stages were (METAVIR) F1 (25%), F2 (55%), F3 (10%) and F4 (10%). The early virological response (EVR) was 60%, the end-of-treatment virological response (EOTVR) was 45% and the SVR was 45%. CONCLUSIONS: The median HCV viral load was high, and in 85% of cases in which highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was used, none of the patients with F3-F4 fibrosis responded to treatment. Of the twenty patients treated, 45% achieved SVR and 45% achieved EOTVR. Studies that include cases from a wider region are needed to better evaluate these findings.

Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e moleculares do papilomavírus genital em adolescentes gestantes

O câncer cervical representa o terceiro câncer mais comum no mundo. Tem como agente etiológico o HPV. O HPV é a doença sexualmente transmissível mais prevalente no mundo, sendo que a faixa etária mais acometida é de mulheres jovens. A adolescência é uma época de transformações corporais, sociais e comportamentais, que se reflete no despertar consciente da adolescente pelo sexo, o que pode levar ao contato com as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e à gravidez prematura. Sendo assim, é uma época na qual a mulher está mais susceptível a infecção, como a do HPV. Dedicou-se a estimar a prevalência de HPV e avaliar os fatores associados a essa infecção em gestantes adolescentes no Sistema Único de Saúde de Belém, Estado do Pará. Foi um estudo transversal prospectivo incluindo 257 grávidas de 12 a 19 anos assistidas nas unidades de saúde municipal (Curió e Tapanã) e estadual (Unidade de Referência Materno-infantil e ambulatório da Mulher do Hospital Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará). As pacientes selecionadas foram submetidas a um questionário clínico epidemiológico e a colheita de material cervico-vaginal para detecção de DNA-HPV por técnica da reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR). A associação da infecção por HPV e fatores de risco selecionados foram avaliadas por meio do teste do Qui-quadrado (χ2) e/ou exato de Fisher, todos com um nível alfa de significância de 0,05. A prevalência do HPV foi de 38,1% (98/257) acometendo preferencialmente adolescentes no terceiro trimestre gestacional (44,4%, p=0,0312), entre 11 e 14 anos, com menos de 6 anos de estudo e as que não possuíam companheiro. Os fatores de risco associados com a infecção pelo HPV na população, podendo variar também de acordo com o trimestre, foram “2 ou mais parceiros na vida”, “primeira gestação” e “problemas genitais”. Estes achados mostram a susceptibilidade das adolescentes à infecção pelo HPV e, consequentemente, ao desenvolvimento de lesões pré-neoplásicas e malignas. Com isso, há necessidade de políticas públicas educativas na promoção da saúde.

Avaliação do desenvolvimento do sistema genital e da funçao reprodutiva da prole feminina de ratos Wistar expostos à cisplatina durante a peri-puberdade

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Subacute and Reproductive Oral Toxicity Assessment of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Jacaranda decurrens Roots in Adult Male Rats

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Indole-3-carbinol attenuates the deleterious gestational effects of bisphenol A exposure on the prostate gland of male F1 rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Gestational protein malnutrition impairs c-myc and p63 protein expression, increases prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia incidence and prostatitis aggressiveness in adult male offspring subjected to hormonal handling

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men; however its etiology remains unknown. Previous studies have shown that environmental adverse factors, such as maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, can influence fetal development and predispose people to diseases in adult life. The feeding of low-protein diets to pregnant rats result in fetal growth disturbance, androgen/estrogen unbalance and changes in the expression and sensibility of hormone receptors in male offspring. These alterations can promote permanent changes in androgen dependent organs, such as in the prostate. In this sense, we hypothesized that the hormonal unbalance that occurs during aging can lead to an increase in the susceptibility to prostatic disorders. Aim: To evaluate our hypothesis, malnourished male rat offspring were submitted to simultaneous estrogen and testosterone exposure in adulthood, to drive lesions in the rat ventral prostate gland (VP). Methods: 17 week-old Wistar rats (n=48) that received in utero normal protein diet (NP group, AIN93G=17% protein) or low protein diet (RP group, AIN93G modified=6% protein) were given implants with 17β-estradiol plus testosterone administration (NPH and RPH groups) for 17 weeks. The animals were killed at the age of 34 weeks and the VP were excised, weighted and processed for histopathological, immunohistochemical (Ki67, AR, p63, e-caderin, laminin, c-myc and GSTP), biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Results: Both absolute and relative VP weight from NPH animals were about 30% higher than RPH. Serological data showed that estradiol levels were similar in both groups, but testosterone levels were lower in the RPH male offspring. The steroid hormone exposure in adult life promoted prostate lesions in both RPH and NPH offspring associated with reactive stroma. VP from RPH group exhibited heightened susceptibility to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mainly cribriform and signet ring-cell patterns) and increased the incidence and aggressiveness of prostatitis. In this group, a higher proportion of basal cells, increased proliferation index, lower expression ofthe androgen receptor and increased focus of collagenous micronodules closely associated to epithelial neoplasias were also observed. Conclusion:These observations suggest that maternal protein restriction alters adult prostate response to androgen/estrogen handling and increases susceptibility to prostate diseases. Ethical protocol:CEEA,476/2013 IBB-UNESP; Funding Support: 2009/50204-6 and 2013/09649-0.

Leishmania sp. amastigotes identification in canine transmissible venereal tumor

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease with Leishmania chagasi being the etiological agent of canine visceral leishmaniasis in South America. Canine venereal tumor is a transplantable round cell tumor of histiocytic origin which is mostly observed in sexually active male and female intact dogs. It has been shown that Leishmania amastigotes have higher tropism for the canine male genital tract tissues and venereal leishmaniasis transmission has been documented in dogs but, to date, a canine venereal tumor-dependent transmission route has not been fully demonstrated. In this report, a 10-year-old, mixed breed, intact female dog presented a vaginal venereal transmissible tumor but no other clinical abnormalities otherwise. Unexpectedly, tumor tissue imprint smears examination revealed Leishmania sp. amastigotes within infiltrating macrophages. In addition to the cytological direct identification, the protozoan was confirmed within the neoplastic tissue by means of immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. This report illustrates an asymptomatic Leishmania sp. infection that may have started on or from the canine venereal tumor tissue, the latter option further supporting previous evidence of such an alternative vector-independent route of transmission for canine visceral leishmaniasis in areas where these diseases coexist.

Genital infections of HIV-infected women assisted by a specialized service

The present study aimed at analyzing the persistence/recurrence of genital infections and its associated factors in HIV-infected women. Fifty-eight women treated for chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and/or bacterial vaginosis (BV) and who had specimens collected for cure control up to one year after treatment were studied. Diagnoses were performed by the Gram staining method for cases of BV and candidiasis and by T. vaginalis culture and qualitative PCR for C. trachomatis. Antiretroviral therapy was used by 79.3% of patients, and 62.1% showed an undetectable HIV plasma load. The most frequent infection was BV with persistence/recurrence of 52.4%, which was associated with a longer time period between treatment and cure control (P = 0.0455), postmenopausal period (P = 0.0451), and having a steady partner (P = 0.007). Persistence/recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was observed in 25%, trichomoniasis in 23.1%, and chlamydial infection in 10.5%. The letter was associated with inadequate treatment of the partner (P = 0.073) among patients with low T CD4 lymphocyte counts. The majority of women in the present study showed good HIV-infection control and a vulnerable sexual behavior, which stress the importance of maintaining gynecological followup.

Gonadal function in male patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Objective: To assess reproductive function in male ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients in comparison to healthy controls. Methods: Twenty AS patients were compared to 24 healthy male subjects with regard to demographic data, urological examination, testicular ultrasound (US), semen analysis, anti-sperm antibodies, and hormone profile. Exclusion criteria were present use of sulfasalazine or methotrexate, and ever use of biological/cytotoxic agents. Disease activity of AS was evaluated by clinical and laboratory assessments. Results: Demographic data were similar in AS and controls (p = 0.175). Varicocele was found significantly more frequently in AS patients than in controls (40% vs. 8%, p = 0.027). Semen analysis revealed no significant differences in sperm quality between AS patients and controls (p > 0.05). By contrast, the median of normal sperm forms was significantly lower in AS patients with vs. those without varicocele [13.5 (range 2-27) vs. 22 (range 10-32.5)%, p = 0.049] whereas no difference in sperm morphology was observed comparing AS patients and controls without varicocele (p = 0.670). Comparison of AS patients with and without varicocele showed that anti-sperm antibodies, hormones, inflammatory markers, and disease activity scores did not contribute to the impaired sperm morphology observed in AS patients with varicocele. Conclusions: An increased frequency of varicocele was found in AS patients associated with sperm abnormalities but independent of therapy, anti-sperm antibodies, hormonal alterations, or disease parameters. Investigation for varicocele should be routine in AS patients with fertility problems.

Coffee and Caffeine Protect against Liver Injury Induced by Thioacetamide in Male Wistar Rats

Coffee intake has been inversely related to the incidence of liver diseases, although there are controversies on whether these beneficial effects on human health are because of caffeine or other specific components in this popular beverage. Thus, this study evaluated the protective effects of coffee or caffeine intake on liver injury induced by repeated thioacetamide (TAA) administration in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomized into five groups: one untreated group (G1) and four groups (G2G5) treated with the hepatotoxicant TAA (200 similar to mg/kg b.w., i.p.) twice a week for 8 similar to weeks. Concomitantly, rats received tap water (G1 and G2), conventional coffee (G3), decaffeinated coffee (G4) or 0.1% caffeine (G5). After 8 similar to weeks of treatment, rats were killed and blood and liver samples were collected. Conventional and decaffeinated coffee and caffeine intake significantly reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p similar to<similar to 0.001) and oxidized glutathione (p similar to<similar to 0.05), fibrosis/inflammation scores (p similar to<similar to 0.001), collagen volume fraction (p similar to<similar to 0.01) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1) protein expression (p similar to=similar to 0.001) in the liver from TAA-treated groups. In addition, conventional coffee and caffeine intake significantly reduced proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) S-phase indexes (p similar to<similar to 0.001), but only conventional coffee reduced cleaved caspase-3 indexes (p similar to<similar to 0.001), active metalloproteinase 2 (p similar to=similar to 0.004) and the number of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive preneoplastic lesions (p similar to<similar to 0.05) in the liver from TAA-treated groups. In conclusion, conventional coffee and 0.1% caffeine intake presented better beneficial effects than decaffeinated coffee against liver injury induced by TAA in male Wistar rats.

The antioxidant response of the liver of male Swiss mice raised on a AIN 93 or commercial diet

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed under natural physiological conditions and are thought to play an important role in many human diseases. A wide range of antioxidants are involved in cellular defense mechanisms against ROS, which can be generated in excess during stressful conditions, these include enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant responses of mice to two diets control, commercial and the purified AIN 93 diet, commonly used in experiments with rodents. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities determined in the liver were lower in the group of mice fed with the AIN 93 diet, while catalase (CAT) activity was higher in the same group, when compared to the group fed on the commercial diet. Liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was similar in the groups fed on either AIN 93 or the commercial diets. Two SOD isoforms, Mn-SODII and a Cu/Zn-SODV, were specifically reduced in the liver of the AIN 93 diet fed animals. Conclusions: The clear differences in antioxidant responses observed in the livers of mice fed on the two diets suggest that the macro- and micro-nutrient components with antioxidant properties, including vitamin E, can promote changes in the activity of enzymes involved in the removal of the ROS generated by cell metabolism.

Morphology of accessory genital glands of spotted paca(Agouti paca Linnaeus, 1766)

The spotted paca is the second largest rodent in Brazil, where it is of great economic interestin impoverished regions in view of its prominence as a low-cost source of protein. Littleis known about the morphology of the accessory genital glands of this species. Thus, westudied the position and morphology of the genitals in ten adult male spotted pacas. Theanimals were divided into two groups, five animals were used for fixing of samples in 10%aqueous formaldehyde for macroscopic studies and the other five animals were designatedfor microscopic analysis. These were arranged in pairs and had the vesicular, prostate,coagulating and bulbourethral glands identified, being structured as mucous glands, whichlead into the pelvic urethra. It was concluded that the accessory genital glands found in thepaca are the same as those found in most rodents, showing similar histological aspects