Contribuição ao conhecimento da tribu Ormiini. II: gênero ormiophasia townsend, 1919 (Diptera, Tachinidae)

The present paper is a contribution to the knowledge of the genus Ormiophasia Townsend, 1919, based mainly on the male genital characters. Five new species are described from Brazil.

Deporte y relaciones internacionales (1919-1939): la Olimpiada popular de 1936

Este documento contiene los resultados de la investigación llevada a cabo por los autores entorno a los intentos de organización de una Olimpiada Popular en Barcelona el año 1936.

Esport i relacions internacionals (1919-1939): l'Olimpíada popular de 1936

Aquest document conté els resultats de la recerca duta a terme pels autors al voltant dels intents d'organització d'una Olimpíada Popular a Barcelona l'any 1936.

Estudo morfológico comparativo de ovos e ninfas de Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848) e Triatoma pseudomaculata Corrêa & Espínola, 1964 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

Utilizando a microscopia ótica (MO) e eletrônica de varredura (MEV) procurou-se fornecer dados a taxionomia através da estrutura dos ovos e morfologia das ninfas, destes vetores da doença de Chagas. Os ovos em MO apresentam a superfície exocorial do opérculo e do corpo dividida em áreas poligonais com ornamentação própria; em T. maculata o exocório do corpo tem áreas indefinidas. Em MEV o exocório dos opérculos apresenta áreas poligonais de superfície estofada com pequena sulcos irregulares e perfurações distribuídas aleatoriamente nas duas espécies. O exocório do corpo apresenta: em T. maculata áreas acolchoadas com perfurações mais numerosas nos bordos, visualizando-se a borda corial, goteira espermática, aerópilas e micrópilas; em T. pseudomaculata as áreas são planas com numerosas perfurações. Nas ninfas o sulco estridulatório e o rostro apresentam diferenças significativas. O sulco estridulatórios em MO possibilitou diferenciar ninfas de 1º, 2º e 3º estádios, os 4º e 5º estádios apresentam-se semelhantes. Em MEV a diferenciação é acentuada. O rostro em MO apresenta pilosidade característica a partir do 3º estádio. T. maculata apresenta pêlos curtos e esparsos no 1º e 2º artículos e longos e numerosos no 3º, em T. pseudo-maculata semelhantes, porém mais curtos no 3º artículo.

Orientation of the snail Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) in response to light in a situation of selection

The behavioral response of Biomphalaria straminea to light was evaluted in terms of location of the snail in a Y-shaped aquarium in a situation of selection and of the rate (cm/hour) and direction of locomotion under homogeneous 9vertical) or differential (horizontal) lighting upon only one arm of the aquarium. The light source consisted of daylight fluorescent lamps with a spectrum close to that of natural light, with illumination varying from 28 to 350 lux. Analysis of the data showed that all animals, whether in groups or isolated, were attracted to light, although the time needed to approach the light source was 50% shorter for the former than for the latter. The rate of locomotion of B. straminea was 35% higher than observed in B. glabrata and 51% higher than that observed in B. tenagophila studied under similar conditions. The results are discussed in terms of social factors and geographical distribution of the three species.

Observações ecológicas sobre Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) em áreas do Nordeste, Brasil

The different climatic regions determine the zoogeographic distribution of various animal species depending on their particular conditions and ecological preferences. The host schistosomiasis planorbid is one of these species. This paper deals with the distribution of Biomphalaria straminea in northeast Brazil. It starts from the analysis of different climatic peculiarities in this region, associated to limnological observation done by the author in three different hydric collections in the state of Sergipe. It has been concluded that this is an "eurióioca" species. Its broad ecological valence permits this species to survive in regions where climate asperties are evident, requiring behavior and physiological adaptations. The species survives in all northeast region, from "zona da mata", in the coast, to the semi-arid "sertão".

The Core ideas and axioms of classical fascism (1919-1945)

This article presents and explores the axioms and core ideas, or idées-force, of the Fascist ideologies of the first third of the twentieth century. The aim is to identify the features that define the term “Classical Fascism” as a conceptual category in the study of politics and to uncover the core ideas of its political theory. This analysis requires an appraisal of both the idées-force themselves and the political use that is made of them. If these appreciations are correct, Classical Fascism is characterized by a set of ideological and political aims and methods in which ideas, attitudes and behaviours are determined by an anti-democratic palingenetic ultranationalism underpinned by a sacralized ideology; the quest for a united, indissoluble society as apolitical system and, at the same time, the collective myth that mobilizes and redeems the nation; and third, violence as a political vehicle applied unchecked against internal opposition and against external enemies who challenge the nation´s progression towards the dream of rebirth and the culmination of this progression in the form of an empire.

Sapromyza lopesi sp. n. from Brazil: a species related to S. duodecimvittata (Frey, 1919) (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)

A new species, Sapromyza lopesi, is described from Brazil, and compared with its closest relative, S. duodecimvittata (Frey). Some remarks are made on the generic classification of South American Lauxaniidae as it affects these and other species.

La Inversión francesa en la canalización del Ebro: de la navegación al riego (1848-1904)

La Real Compañía de Canalización del Ebro, sociedad anónima constituida en 1852 con un capital nominal de 31,5 millones de pesetas, que tenía como objetivo fundamental abrir el Ebro a la navegación a vapor en base a un proyecto técnico elaborado por ingenieros franceses, tuvo que recurrir a inversores europeos para levantar su capital. Se trataría, pues, de una empresa equiparable en muchos aspectos –inversión en comunicaciones, elevado capital, dependencia de técnicos e inversores europeos– a las grandes compañías ferroviarias constituidas en España a mediados del siglo XIX. El fracaso en la navegación reorientó su actividad hacia el riego, siendo la empresa encargada de construir y explotar hasta 1966 estas infraestructuras en el Delta del Ebro. En este texto, después de referirnos a los diferentes intentos de canalización del Ebro relacionados con la navegación hasta mediados de siglo XIX, analizaremos los motivos de su evolución y la diferente actitud mantenida ante las oportunidades de negocio por los dos grandes sectores de accionistas, el capital catalán y el capital francés, hasta la salida de este último ocurrida entre 1878 y 1904. Asimismo, intentaremos mostrar como el ritmo de la inversión en la canalización se ajusta al de la inversión francesa en España, que iniciada en el siglo XVIII, se paraliza con la crisis del Antiguo Régimen, se intensifica a partir de la década de 1840 orientándose mayoritariamente hacia los sectores ferroviario y minero, e inicia un cierto repliegue a partir de la última década del siglo XIX.

Jaume Brossa (1868-1919) regeneracionista i revolucionari

Treball de recerca realitzat per una alumna d'ensenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit científic del Jovent l'any 2009. El present treball és un estudi de la personalitat humana, literària i filosòfica de Jaume Brossa així com un anàlisi del medi sociohistòric que li va tocar viure. El mètode utilitzat ha estat, en primer lloc, un rastreig de material original, articles publicats entre els anys 1892 i 1902 en diversos òrgans de premsa de Barcelona i Madrid. Una vegada obtingut el material requerit, s’ha sondejat per dins de les seves línies fins a trobar quin era el seu pensament en molts aspectes, a saber: el seu posicionament entorn els grans centres d’atenció del seu temps: el nacionalisme, el moviment obrer, l’estètica modernista en les seves parcel•les de música, literatura, teatre etc., tots aquests camps, tractats des de la base de la seva actitud regeneracionista i revolucionària. L’estudi s’ha realitzat des d’un enfocament crític: intentar esbrinar quines han estat les causes per les quals un autor certament notable de les nostres lletres ha estat marginat o, si més no, minimitzat en el seu abast intel•lectual. I, tal com es planteja al començament del treball, aquest consta d’una recerca de causes, implicacions, contextos etc. que ens permetin esbrinar per què Jaume Brossa ha estat desacreditat.

Introduction and spreading of Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Planorbidae) in Guadeloupe, French West Indies

The finding in 1985 of a well-established population of Biomphalaria straminea in a pond in Grande Terre of Guadeloupe constitutes a new species record for the freshwater molluscan fauna of that island. The following years a rapid extension of the species was documented on Grande Terre and Marie Galante. However, it was never found in the neighboring island of Basse Terre. The invasion of the whole hydrographic system of this island by Melanoides tuberculata during the last decade and the current presence of well-established and dense populations of this snail may explain the failure of the colonization by B. straminea.

Les premiers lecteurs de Walras en Russie (1890-1919)

Cet article offre la première chronologie des lecteurs de Walras en Russie, entre 1890 et 1919. Ce panorama de la pensée économique russe est le résultat de recherches originales effectuées dans des bibliothèques en Russie, ainsi que quelques fonds d'archives. La plupart de ces informations sont en soi inédites. Elles ne constituent toutefois que des matériaux pour de subséquentes recherches, qui sont esquissées dans le commentaire final de cet article.

Evaluation of Chemical and Physical-morphological Factors as Potential Determinants of Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss, 1848) Distribution

This study was carried out in five sites along a small perennial river system in south-central Tanzania, which had been identified as the focus for transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis in the area. Malacological surveys preceding the study showed a focal distribution of Biomphalaria pfeifferi, intermediate host snail of Schistosoma mansoni, the snails being present in three sites but absent from the other two sites. The objective of this study was to evaluate to what extent chemical and/or physical-morphological factors determine the distribution of B. pfeifferi between these five sites. It was found that none of the chemical constituents in the waters examined were outside the tolerance range of B. pfeifferi snails. Moreover, the composition of water from B. pfeifferi-free sites was not different from that in those sites where snails occurred. Furthermore, none of the physical-morphological constituents seemed likely to be a determinant for the absence of B. pfeifferi. In view of these findings, and those of previous studies, it is concluded that the focal distribution of B. pfeifferi cannot be associated with a single environmental factor and is rather the result of more complex interactions of habitat factors