Caracterização genética de populações de Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. e Jatropha curcas L., espécies potenciais na produção de biodiesel

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Utilizações de informações genômicas para o melhoramento genético de características de crescimento em bovinos da raça Nelore

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Seleção de progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva (F.F. & M.F. Allemão) baseada em caracteres fenológicos e de crescimento para reconstituição de áreas de reserva legal

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Metodologias de aplicação de sulfonamida heterocíclica no controle de Meloidogyne javanica e Pratylenchus brachyurus em soja

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Caracterização física e química dos frutos nos diferentes quadrantes da planta e germinação de sementes do portaenxerto cítrico tangerineira ‘sunki’

The tangerine 'Sunki' are highly relevant for the Brazilian citrus industry by presenting important traits for genetic improvement and to be considered a great portaenxento. In this context, the objective of the present work to study the characterization of the fruits of citrus rootstock 'Sunki', depending on the position on the plan and also the germination of their seeds. The physical characteristics evaluated were fruit weight, longitudinal and equatorial diameters of the fruit longitudinal diameter / equatorial diameter, number of buds per fruit, weight of buds and bark and number of viable seeds per fruit. As for the chemical characterization was evaluated titratable, acidity, soluble solid, "Ratio", pH and vitamin C. For the evaluation of these variables, the fruits were obtained from the northeast, southwest, northwest and southeast quadrants. Regarding the evaluation of seed germination, different doses of gibberellic acid and Stimulate were used. The seeds extracted from ripe fruit, washed, dried in the shade and stored in BOD. Immediately after, they were treated for 24 hours with plant growth regulators. After soaking, the seeds were placed in a germinator in germitest paper. After initiation of the germination process, the evaluations were performed daily until the thirty- fourth day. Fruits of 'Sunki'mandarin with uneven as the fruit position within the canopy, the use of gibberellic acid and growth promoter is promising for commercial use on seed germination of this rootstock.

Genome-wide association study of reproductive traits in Nellore heifers using Bayesian inference

An important goal of Zebu breeding programs is to improve reproductive performance. A major problem faced with the genetic improvement of reproductive traits is that recording the time for an animal to reach sexual maturity is costly. Another issue is that accurate estimates of breeding values are obtained only a long time after the young bulls have gone through selection. An alternative to overcome these problems is to use traits that are indicators of the reproductive efficiency of the herd and are easier to measure, such as age at first calving. Another problem is that heifers that have conceived once may fail to conceive in the next breeding season, which increases production costs. Thus, increasing heifer's rebreeding rates should improve the economic efficiency of the herd. Response to selection for these traits tends to be slow, since they have a low heritability and phenotypic information is provided only later in the life of the animal. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are useful to investigate the genetic mechanisms that underlie these traits by identifying the genes and metabolic pathways involved. Data from 1853 females belonging to the Agricultural Jacarezinho LTDA were used. Genotyping was performed using the BovineHD BeadChip (777 962 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) according to the protocol of Illumina - Infinium Assay II ® Multi-Sample HiScan with the unit SQ ™ System. After quality control, 305 348 SNPs were used for GWAS. Forty-two and 19 SNPs had a Bayes factor greater than 150 for heifer rebreeding and age at first calving, respectively. All significant SNPs for age at first calving were significant for heifer rebreeding. These 42 SNPs were next or within 35 genes that were distributed over 18 chromosomes and comprised 27 protein-encoding genes, six pseudogenes and two miscellaneous noncoding RNAs. The use of Bayes factor to determine the significance of SNPs allowed us to identify two sets of 42 and 19 significant SNPs for heifer rebreeding and age at first calving, respectively, which explain 11.35 % and 6.42 % of their phenotypic variance, respectively. These SNPs provide relevant information to help elucidate which genes affect these traits.

Uso de aptâmeros na sexagem de sêmen bovino

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Asteraceae): composição do óleo essencial, diversidade e parâmetros genéticos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Vinificação em tinto de uvas americanas: efeito das técnicas de pré-secagem das uvas e de chapéu submerso nos perfis químico e sensorial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Polinização controlada em eucaliptos nas empresas florestais brasileiras

Controlled pollination is an important tool in a forest genetic improvement program, which permits to choose parents and make specific crosses maximizing gains and providing superior genotypes in less time than conventional pollination. To verify the needs of the forest companies regarding the conduction of controlled pollination orchards in the breeding program, a specific questionnaire was sent in September 2011 to companies associated to IPEF. The objective of the questionnaire was to collect basic information about the current situation of controlled pollination orchards and check the main difficulties and demands related. It was found that use of the controlled pollination orchard has begun to be used by companies in the Brazilian forest sector just a few years ago and is considered to be very important in breeding programs in order to shorten the time to obtain new genotypes; but there is still need of crucial information regarding the management of these orchards. The main demands are: Basic concepts of flowering induction; homogeneity of flowering; hormonal induction and alternative techniques for flowering; relationship between management and genotypes used; variations in the flowering of different genotypes; management of the orchard in the different phenological phases; process of grafting typesand interaction between graft and rootstock, irrigation systems; species identification and flowering map.

Estudo do peso metabólico e índice de Kleiber na estimação de parâmetros genéticos de características ponderais em uma população de bovinos de raça brahman

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

QTL detection of yield-related traits of cashew

The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker-assisted selection with a view to breeding programs have aroused great interest, including for cashew improvement. This study identified QTL for yield-related traits: nut weight, male and hermaphrodite flowers. The traits were evaluated in 71 F-1 genotypes of the cross CCP 1001 x CP 96. The methods of interval mapping and multiple QTL mapping were applied to identify QTL. Eleven QTL were detected: three for nut weight, four for male flowers and four for hermaphrodite flowers. The QTL accounted for 3.79 to 12.98 % of the total phenotypic variance and had phenotypic effects of -31.81 to 34.25 %. The potential for marker-assisted selection of the QTL hf-2f and hf-3m is great and the phenotypic effects and percentage of phenotypic variation higher than of the others.

Strategies in identifying individuals in a segregant population of common bean and implications of genotype x environment interaction in the success of selection

The objective of this study was to compare the BLUP selection method with different selection strategies in F-2:4 and assess the efficiency of this method on the early choice of the best common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lines. Fifty-one F-2:4 progenies were produced from a cross between the CVIII8511 x RP-26 lines. A randomized block design was used with 20 replications and one-plant field plots. Character data on plant architecture and grain yield were obtained and then the sum of the standardized variables was estimated for simultaneous selection of both traits. Analysis was carried out by mixed models (BLUP) and the least squares method to compare different selection strategies, like mass selection, stratified mass selection and between and within progeny selection. The progenies selected by BLUP were assessed in advanced generations, always selecting the greatest and smallest sum of the standardized variables. Analyses by the least squares method and BLUP procedure ranked the progenies in the same way. The coincidence of the individuals identified by BLUP and between and within progeny selection was high and of the greatest magnitude when BLUP was compared with mass selection. Although BLUP is the best estimator of genotypic value, its efficiency in the response to long term selection is not different from any of the other methods, because it is also unable to predict the future effect of the progenies x environments interaction. It was inferred that selection success will always depend on the most accurate possible progeny assessment and using alternatives to reduce the progenies x environments interaction effect.

FIG CLONES SELECTION OF cv. ROXO DE VALINHOS OBTAINED BY IRRADIATED BUDS

The fig tree (Ficus carica L.) is a fruit tree of great world importance and, therefore, the genetic improvement becomes an important field of research for the crop improvement, being necessary to gather information on this species, mainly regarding its genetic variability so that appropriate propagation projects and management are made. However, the fig, in Brazil, is all produced from only one cultivar, Roxo de Valinhos, which produces seedless fruit, making impossible the conventional breeding. So, the fig breeding through induced mutagenic becomes a very important research line, greatly contributing to the fig culture development. The objective of this study was to select fig plants formed by cuttings treated with gamma ray. The plants used were obtained from buds of the cv. Roxo de Valinhos. The cuttings were irradiated with gamma rays in an irradiator Gamma Cell at 10 cm from the tip of the cutting, at doses of 30 Gy with dose rate of 238 Gy/h. The experiment consisted of 450 treatments, where each formed plant was a treatment. The treatments were numbered sequentially from 1 to 450 and spaced 2.5 x 1.5 m. It was evaluated the vegetative and the fruits characteristics, and the incidence of major crop pests and diseases. The analysis data showed that there is genetic variability among treatments and that the plants under numbers 1, 5, 20, 79, 164, 189, 194, 201, 221, 214, 258, 301, 322, 392, 433 and 440 are probably genetic mutants that should be tested as commercial orchards.

The fatty acid profiles and energetic substrates of two Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) strains, Red-Stirling and Chitralada, and their hybrid

Protein and lipid content as well as the fatty acid (FA) composition of storage tissues were analysed in two varieties of Oreochromis niloticus (Red-Stirling and Chitralada) and their hybrid. The animals were maintained in cages for 11 months. The samples were taken when the animals weighed 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500 g. The results showed that changes in the metabolic processes occur during an increase in body mass in both varieties of tilapia and also their hybrid, but that these differences are not found in animals collected at the commercial weight. The protein content of the fillet and liver decreased with growth and the same protein content associated with growth was found for fillet lipid content. The genetic variety did not influence the FA profile of the fillet, but different genotypes had different hepatic FA compositions. Even with the same lipid content, the hepatocytes of Chitralada accumulated higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n6 in triglycerides and increased C22:6n3 in the hepatocyte membranes. The higher n6PUFA content was compensated by a lower fraction of saturated FA in the hepatocyte triglycerides. The skin of Chitralada also had higher n6PUFA and C22:6n3 contents, suggesting a higher ability to deposit PUFA in the skin due to alterations in the liver synthetic pathway.