Orientação sexual nas aulas de educação física escolar

Sexual Orientation is present in the school setting, due to human relationships among all belonging to this area. Being a cross-cutting theme, this theme pervades the Physical Education and allows discussions related to the gender, body and media, respect for diversity, disease prevention and other topics that the contents of body culture allow to deal. With observation and participation in the school context, through a stage of more than a year, we realized the need to address the issue of sexual orientation with students. In addition, there is a dearth of articles dealing with this topic, a factor that complicates and limits the search fields of material for the teacher preparing lessons and address the issue. Thus, this study aims to develop classes to subsidize the practice of teachers of physical education in relation to Sexual Orientation. The preparation of activities was carried out from a bibliographic review and experiences of the researchers, presenting new possibilities to teacher to treat this subject in classes of that discipline. The topics covered are intended to demystify some pre-concepts related to gender in bodily practices that are socially constructed. Also, presented a way to address STDs and teenage pregnancy, topics not found in academic magazines of the area used in this study. Treating Sexual Orientation in Physical Education classes may seem at first a tricky and of difficult data collection. The teacher must seek this knowledge so that it can address the issue with students in a transparent and really effective not being only informative classes meaningless or decontextualized thoughts

Estudo teórico da contribuição a dose de partículas secundárias geradas por prótons de energias entre 100-200 MeV num phantom de músculo estriado

In the treatment plans in conventional Proton therapy are considered only the elastic interactions of protons with electrons and/or nuclei, it means, mainly ionization and coulomb excitation processes. As the energy needed to reach the deep tumors should be of several hundred of MeVs, certainly the nuclear inelastic channels are open. Only some previous studies of the contribution of these processes in the full dose have been made towards targets composed of water. In this study will be presented the results of the simulation of the processes of interaction of beams of protons in the range of 100-200 MeV of energy with a cylindrical phantom composed by striated muscle (ICRU), emphasizing in the contribution to total dose due to the deposition of energy by secondary particles alpha (α), deuterium (2H), tritium (3H), neutron (n) and hélio3 (3He), originated by nuclear inelastic processes. The simulations were performed by using the method of Monte Carlo, via the computer code MCNPX v2.50 (Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended). The results will be shown demonstrated through the graphics of the deposited dose with or without nuclear interaction, the percentual of dose deposited by secondary particles, the radial dispersion of neutrons, as well as the multiplicity of secondary particles

Caracterização dos reservatórios do grupo Macaé no Campo de Garoupa - Bacia de Campos - por meio de interpretação sísmica e perfis de poço

The study area is the Garoupa Field, located 75 km from the coast of Rio de Janeiro in bathymetric elevation of 125 m and it is the first important offshore discovery of the Campos Basin with hydrocarbon production in the Albian carbonates. The high significance of carbonate rock reservoirs for the global oil industry and its degree of complexity, combined with the fact that the Garoupa Field is a mature field, make this research project interesting to develop a re-exploratory vision of the study area. The objective of this paper is to characterize the physical properties of the Macae Group reservoirs in the Garoupa Field through well correlation techniques, petrophysical analysis and seismic interpretation (3D), in order to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the response of geophysical data to the presence of carbonate rock reservoirs. From the analysis of well profiles (gamma ray, resistivity, density and sonic) it was possible to identify six reservoir levels in the Quissamã Formation. As a result, the reservoirs have good correlation between the wells in the Garoupa Field and show lateral facies variation. In the seismic interpretation, structural contour maps were generated in time (ms) from the top of the Macae Group and two horizons that correspond to the reservoir levels. These maps show that the oil producing area of this field is a structural high located at the west of the interpreted seismic cube, and it was classified as a rollover limited by lateral faults forming a horst. The seismic attribute maps show a good response to the reservoirs of the Garoupa Field because they are associated with amplitude anomalies, verified by the correlation between the physical properties of the reservoir rock and seismic data through cross plots, with emphasis in a linear correlation between the resistivity profile and the values of Maximum Absolute Amplitude and RMS Amplitude attributes

Estudo teórico da contribuição à dose de partículas secundárias geradas por Prótons de energias entre 100 e 200 MeV num Phantom de osso cortical

In proton therapy, the deposition of secondary particles energy originated by nuclear inelastic process (n, 2H, 3H, 3He and α) has a contribution in the total dose that deserves to be discussed. In calculations of plans implemented for routine treatment, the paid dose is calculated whereas the proton loses energy by ionization and or coulomb excitement. The contribution of inelastic processes associated with nuclear reactions is not considered. There are only estimates for pure materials or simple composition (water, for example), because of the difficulty of processing targets consisting of different materials. For this project, we use the Monte Carlo method employing the code MCNPX v2.50 (Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended) to present results of the contribution to the total dose of secondary particles. In this work, it was implemented a cylindrical phantom composed by cortical bone, for proton beams between 100 and 200 MeV. With the results obtained, it was possible to generate graphics to analyze: the dose deposition relation with and without nuclear interaction, the multiplicity and percentage of deposited dose for each secondary particle and a radial dispersion of neutrons in the material

Os segredos que a natureza encerra: uso de conceitos e modelos da física para investigar questões do mundo animal

Physics governs all working patterns of the universe and could not be otherwise in a biological environment. Living things depend directly on laws and physical models to compose their body structure, allow its survival in certain environments, communication between individuals and groups and also to establish a complex sensorial system that allows interaction with the environment that surrounds them. With the advancement of science and technology, new ideas are required, and thus, many researchers began to turn their attention to those systems found in nature, as these systems often present practical solutions and with maximum efficiency. This imitation of biological systems, applied in creating innovative technological resources, is called Biomimetics. To study the biological systems based on physical concepts is essential the creation of models. These allow the distinction of the effects of the issue really essential and may be ignored side effects that do not have an effective participation in the phenomenon being analyzed. In this Work Completion of course will be studied the phenomenon of countercurrent heat exchangers, present in various situations of nature, focusing on their participation in the legs of birds, also the balance of certain birds that are supported on one leg and possible inspiration of these phenomena in the fields of engineering. Also included are videos that allow better understanding of the studied subjects

Biosusceptometria de corrente alternada para avaliação do trânsito gastrintestinal de alimentos líquidos em ratos

The gastrointestinal tract is the main route of nutrients absorption and drugs delivery. Is important to know the parameters related to the tract, like gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit, in order to better understand the behavior of different kind of meals or drugs passing through the GIT. Many techniques are used to study these parameters, such as manometry, scintigraphy, phenol red, activated charcoal and carbon-13 reading. However, these methods use radiation, are invasive and require animal sacrifice. As an alternative proposal, the Alternate Current Biosusceptometry (ACB), a magnetic technique, has proved to be effective for these studies with small animals, in a noninvasive way, low cost, radiation free and avoiding the animal death. Associating the ACB to magnetic micro or nanoparticles used as tracers, it is possible to observe the meal behavior inside of the GIT. Focusing meanly on liquid meals digestion, this paper had the objective to evaluate the efficiency of the ACB technique in gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit evaluation of liquid meals in rats. To perform the experiments, magnetic nanoparticles (ferrite, MgFe2O4) were used on a 1,5 ml solution introduced by gavage on similar weight and age rats. The sensor made by 2 pairs of coils, capable of generating and detecting magnetic fields, creates a field on the interest place and when this field is in contact with the marked meal, it changes, resulting on a variation of the measured voltage. The voltage variation is analyzed and is obtained a particle concentration on the interest region. The results showed that is possible to apply the ACB technique on the GIT evaluation of liquid particles digestion, gastric emptying and meal cecum arrival time curves were obtained and from that, is possible to observe a pattern of gastrointestinal transit. Both mean process time values were acquired, proving the technique capability of ...

Produção de partículas secundárias em reações de “spallation” induzidas por prótons

Cosmic radiation has been identi ed as one of the main hazard to crew, aircraft and sensitive equipments involved in long-term missions and even high-altitude commercial ights. Generally, shields are used in spatial units to avoid excessive exposure, by holding the incident radiation. Unfortunatelly, shielding in space is problematic, especially when high-energy cosmic particles are considered, due to the production of large number of secondary particles, mainly neutrons, protons and alpha particles, caused by spallation reactions and quasi-elastic processes of the corpuscular radiation with the shield. Good parameters for checking the secondary particle production at target material are diferential cross section and energy deposited in the shield. Addition experiments, some computer codes based on Monte Carlo method show themselves a suitable tool to calculate shield parameters, due to have evaluated nuclear data libraries implemented on the algorithm. In view of this, the aim of this work is determining the parameters evaluated in shielding materials, by using MCNPX code, who shows good agreement with experimental data from literature. Among the materials, Aluminium had lower emission and production of secondary particles

Estudo teórico da contribuição a dose de partículas secundárias geradas por prótons de energias entre 100-200 MeV num phantom de osso compacto

The contribution of the total dose due to deposition of secondary energy particles caused by nuclear inelastic processes (n, 2H, 3H, 3He and  ) in proton therapy is an opened problem and in discussion. In the calculations of plans implemented for routine treatment, the paid dose is calculated whereas that the proton loses energy by ionization and or coulomb excitement. The contribution of inelastic processes associated with nuclear reactions is not considered, mainly due to the difficulty of processing targets consisting of various materials. In this sense, there are only estimates for pure materials or simple composition (water, for example).This work presents the results of simulations by the Monte Carlo method employing the code MCNPX v2.50 (Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended) of the contribution to the total dose of secondary particles. The study was implemented in a cylindrical phantom composed by compact bone, for monochromatic beams of protons between 100 and 200 MeV with pencil beam form

Implicações da Escola de Física CERN para a prática pedagógica de professores

Para que a inserção de conteúdos de Física Moderna e Contemporânea ocorra de maneira eficiente no ensino médio é necessária a atualização dos professores. Assim, desde 2010 a SBF realiza a Escola de Física CERN, na qual participam professores brasileiros de física. Perante isso, investigamos as contribuições desta escola para a prática pedagógica dos professores. Os resultados mostram que o ensino de partículas é realizado de maneira muito incipiente, justificado pelo fato do currículo ainda ser clássico, pela falta de tempo ou pela cobrança dos exames avaliativos. Ao mesmo tempo em que os professores mencionam abordar a física de partículas, eles relatam que assuntos de física moderna e contemporânea não fazem parte do currículo de suas escolas. Concluímos que alguns professores não ensinam a física de partículas ou o abordam mesmo que ele não faça parte da grade curricular.

Aspectos quânticos e clássicos da instabilidade de campos fundamentais em espaços-tempos astrofísicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Soluções do tipo vórtice em um modelo de Maxwell-Chern-Simons-Higgs com campos de Gauge distintos

Pós-graduação em Física - FEG

Instrumentos antigos para o ensino de física: o tubo de Newton e seu uso no passado

O objetivo deste estudo é buscar compreender aspectos do trabalho experimental no ensino de Física no Brasil no passado, focalizando um instrumento antigo - o tubo de Newton. Considerando que a partir da Reforma Francisco Campos, em 1931, houve uma expansão do ensino secundário brasileiro e um aumento da presença de disciplinas científicas no currículo desse curso, examinamos as recomendações oficiais para o ensino de Física de 1931até 1961, quando foi promulgada a primeira Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Procuramos investigar como o uso do tubo de Newton aparece em livros didáticos de Física para a educação secundária, editados em nosso país, no período delimitado. Em nossas conclusões consideramos que o conhecimento histórico pode ajudar a compreender aspectos relevantes a respeito do papel da experimentação no ensino de Física em nossos dias.

A gênese do habitus e a construção da hexis corporal de bailarinos e jogadoras de futebol e suas implicações nos diferentes campos de atuação

This paper aims to show the beginning of habitus and the bodily hexis construction of male ballet dancer and female player soccer. Firstly, the habitus and the bodily hexis are established by the cultural inheritance of families (advices, likes, choices, prohibitions, and work divisions). After, they are restructured by the most diverse fields where this people act, mainly in the school, specifically at Physical Education classes (in the specialized places where these classes occur). Thus, it is possible to verify the success or the failure of their path lives and the possibility of a social ascent by the choice of these practices as professional career.

Determinação das melhores condições de hidrólise física com ultrassom de potência em resíduos de amendoim

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)