La Fisiología del Ejercicio como una especialización dentro del campo de la Educación Física: Un análisis desde el propio contexto institucional

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la existencia de una aparente contradicción entre las ideas y creencias que guían la actividad académica de nuestra institución, el Departamento de Educación Física de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, y la implementación de la "Especialización en Fisiología del Ejercicio", como carrera de especialización de posgrado en el campo de la Educación Física

La Fisiología del Ejercicio como una especialización dentro del campo de la Educación Física: Un análisis desde el propio contexto institucional

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la existencia de una aparente contradicción entre las ideas y creencias que guían la actividad académica de nuestra institución, el Departamento de Educación Física de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, y la implementación de la "Especialización en Fisiología del Ejercicio", como carrera de especialización de posgrado en el campo de la Educación Física

La constitución histórica del campo de la cultura física y de la educación física. Actores, instituciones, discursos y políticas. Argentina (1901-1938)

El siguiente proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la constitución del campo de la cultura física y de la educación física en la Argentina durante las primeras cuatro décadas del siglo XX. Centrará su atención en la disputa entre, por lo menos, dos grupos con sus instituciones de formación específicas. El Instituto Nacional Superior de Educación Física (INEF), cuyos orígenes se remontan a 1901 y la Escuela de Gimnasia y Esgrima del Ejército en creada en 1897 (Saraví Riviere, 1998; Bertoni, 1996, 2001; Aisenstein & Scharagrodsky, 2006).Cada una de estas matrices de formación pensó la pedagogía, la didáctica, la metodología y más ampliamente la política, la nación, la patria, los cuerpos o la sexualidad de formas diferentes y con sentidos y significados particulares. El objetivo será explorar las diferencias y similitudes entre ambas instituciones retomando algunos de los tópicos mencionados a partir de los discursos que legitimaron a los mismos, centrando el análisis tanto en el discurso pedagógico moderno como en el discurso médico hegemónico. En especial, analizaremos el discurso médico como legitimador del campo, y en particular, indagaremos las cuatro sub-disciplinas que se constituyeron en la grilla interpretativa por excelencia de los cuerpos en movimiento: la anatomía descriptiva, la fisiología del ejercicio, la ginecología y la antropometría

La constitución histórica del campo de la cultura física y de la educación física. Actores, instituciones, discursos y políticas. Argentina (1901-1938)

El siguiente proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la constitución del campo de la cultura física y de la educación física en la Argentina durante las primeras cuatro décadas del siglo XX. Centrará su atención en la disputa entre, por lo menos, dos grupos con sus instituciones de formación específicas. El Instituto Nacional Superior de Educación Física (INEF), cuyos orígenes se remontan a 1901 y la Escuela de Gimnasia y Esgrima del Ejército en creada en 1897 (Saraví Riviere, 1998; Bertoni, 1996, 2001; Aisenstein & Scharagrodsky, 2006).Cada una de estas matrices de formación pensó la pedagogía, la didáctica, la metodología y más ampliamente la política, la nación, la patria, los cuerpos o la sexualidad de formas diferentes y con sentidos y significados particulares. El objetivo será explorar las diferencias y similitudes entre ambas instituciones retomando algunos de los tópicos mencionados a partir de los discursos que legitimaron a los mismos, centrando el análisis tanto en el discurso pedagógico moderno como en el discurso médico hegemónico. En especial, analizaremos el discurso médico como legitimador del campo, y en particular, indagaremos las cuatro sub-disciplinas que se constituyeron en la grilla interpretativa por excelencia de los cuerpos en movimiento: la anatomía descriptiva, la fisiología del ejercicio, la ginecología y la antropometría

Physical fitness/sports medicine.

"A bibliographic service encompassing exercise physiology, sports injuries, physical conditioning and the medical aspects of exercise".

La constitución histórica del campo de la cultura física y de la educación física. Actores, instituciones, discursos y políticas. Argentina (1901-1938)

El siguiente proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la constitución del campo de la cultura física y de la educación física en la Argentina durante las primeras cuatro décadas del siglo XX. Centrará su atención en la disputa entre, por lo menos, dos grupos con sus instituciones de formación específicas. El Instituto Nacional Superior de Educación Física (INEF), cuyos orígenes se remontan a 1901 y la Escuela de Gimnasia y Esgrima del Ejército en creada en 1897 (Saraví Riviere, 1998; Bertoni, 1996, 2001; Aisenstein & Scharagrodsky, 2006).Cada una de estas matrices de formación pensó la pedagogía, la didáctica, la metodología y más ampliamente la política, la nación, la patria, los cuerpos o la sexualidad de formas diferentes y con sentidos y significados particulares. El objetivo será explorar las diferencias y similitudes entre ambas instituciones retomando algunos de los tópicos mencionados a partir de los discursos que legitimaron a los mismos, centrando el análisis tanto en el discurso pedagógico moderno como en el discurso médico hegemónico. En especial, analizaremos el discurso médico como legitimador del campo, y en particular, indagaremos las cuatro sub-disciplinas que se constituyeron en la grilla interpretativa por excelencia de los cuerpos en movimiento: la anatomía descriptiva, la fisiología del ejercicio, la ginecología y la antropometría

Cortisol, DHEA, performance and training in elite swimmers

Salivary cortisol (C) and DHEA concentrations were measured in 9 elite swimmers (4 female and 5 male) over a 37-week period, 5 to 12 times per swimmer, before 68 competitions. For female and male swimmers, no significant relationship was found between C, DHEA and performance. For the whole group, C was negatively correlated with week number of training (r = -0.31, p < 0.01). The incorporation of the cumulated distance swum as a second variable in the regression increased r to 0.56 (p < 0.01). The higher the cumulated distance swum, the higher C. No significant relationship was found between DHEA and distance swum. For individual swimmers, 3 of 4 females showed a significant negative relationship between C and cumulated dry-land training. No equivalent relationship was found for DHEA. The 2 males practicing dry-land training showed a significant and negative relationship between DHEA and cumulated dry-land training. No equivalent relationship was found for C. Thus, C and DHEA were not good predictors of swimming performance. C for individual females, and DHEA for individual males were considered useful markers for dry-land training stress.

Accuracy of SRM and power tap power monitoring systems for bicycling

Purpose: Although manufacturers of bicycle power monitoring devices SRM and Power Tap (PT) claim accuracy to within 2.5%, there are limited scientific data available in support. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the accuracy of SRM and PT under different conditions. Methods: First, 19 SRM were calibrated, raced for 11 months, and retested using a dynamic CALRIG (50-1000 W at 100 rpm). Second, using the same procedure, five PT were repeat tested on alternate days. Third, the most accurate SRM and PT were tested for the influence of cadence (60, 80, 100, 120 rpm), temperature (8 and 21degreesC) and time (1 h at similar to300 W) on accuracy. Finally, the same SRM and PT were downloaded and compared after random cadence and gear surges using the CALRIG and on a training ride. Results: The mean error scores for SRM and PT factory calibration over a range of 50-1000 W were 2.3 +/- 4.9% and -2.5 +/- 0.5%, respectively. A second set of trials provided stable results for 15 calibrated SRM after 11 months (-0.8 +/- 1.7%), and follow-up testing of all PT units confirmed these findings (-2.7 +/- 0.1%). Accuracy for SRM and PT was not largely influenced by time and cadence; however. power output readings were noticeably influenced by temperature (5.2% for SRM and 8.4% for PT). During field trials, SRM average and max power were 4.8% and 7.3% lower, respectively, compared with PT. Conclusions: When operated according to manufacturers instructions, both SRM and PT offer the coach, athlete, and sport scientist the ability to accurately monitor power output in the lab and the field. Calibration procedures matching performance tests (duration, power, cadence, and temperature) are, however, advised as the error associated with each unit may vary.

Single- vs. multiple-set resistance training: Recent developments in the controversy

Galvao, D.A., and D.R. Taaffe. Single- vs. multiple-set resistance training: recent developments in the controversy. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(3):660-667. 2004.-The number of sets in a resistance training program remains a major point of discussion and controversy. Studies prior to 1998 demonstrated inconsistent findings between single-set and multiple-set programs; however, recent evidence suggests that multiple sets promote additional benefits following short- and long-term training. The rationale supporting multiple sets is that the number of sets is part of the exercise volume equation, and the volume of exercise is crucial in producing the stimulus necessary to elicit specific physiological adaptations. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of recent resistance training studies comparing single and multiple sets. However, it should be noted that studies to date have been conducted in young and middle-aged adults, and it remains to be determined if the additional benefits accrued with multiple-set training also occurs for older adults, especially the frail elderly.

Walking performance, oxygen uptake kinetics and resting muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in peripheral arterial disease

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that walking intolerance in intermittent claudication (IC) is related to both slowed whole body oxygen uptake (Vo(2)) kinetics and altered activity of the active fraction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDCa) in skeletal muscle. Ten patients with IC and peripheral arterial disease [ankle/brachial index (ABI) = 0.73 +/- 0.13] and eight healthy controls (ABI = 1. 17 +/- 0.13) completed three maximal walking tests. From these tests, averaged estimates of walking time, peak Vo(2) and the time constant of Vo(2) (tau) during submaximal walking were obtained. A muscle sample was taken from the gastrocnemius medialis muscle at rest and analysed for PDCa and several other biochemical variables. Walking time and peak Vo(2) were approx. 50 % lower in patients with IC than controls, and tau was 2-fold higher (P < 0.05). r was significantly correlated with walking time (r = -0.72) and peak Vo(2) (r = -0.66) in patients with IC, but not in controls. PDCa was not significantly lower in patients with IC than controls; however, PDCa tended to be correlated with tau (r = -0.56, P = 0.09) in patients with IC, but not in controls (r = -0.14). A similar correlation was observed between resting ABI and tau (r = -0.63, P = 0.05) in patients with IC. These data suggest that the impaired Vo(2) kinetics contributes to walking intolerance in IC and that, within a group of patients with IC, differences in Vo(2) kinetics might be partly linked to differences in muscle carbohydrate oxidation.

Temporal aspects of the VO2 response at the power output associated with VO2peak in well trained cyclists: Implications for interval training prescription

The power output achieved at peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and the time this power can be maintained (i.e., Tmax) have been used in prescribing high-intensity interval training. In this context, the present study examined temporal aspects of the VO2 response to exercise at the cycling power that output well trained cyclists achieve their VO2 peak (i.e., Pmax). Following a progressive exercise test to determine VO2 peak, 43 well trained male cyclists (M age = 25 years, SD = 6; M mass = 75 kg SD = 7; M VO2 peak = 64.8 ml(.)kg(1.)min(-1), SD = 5.2) performed two Tmax tests 1 week apart.1. Values expressed for each participant are means and standard deviations of these two tests. Participants achieved a mean VO2 peak during the Tmax test after 176 s (SD = 40; = 74% of Tmax, SD = 12) and maintained it for 66 s (SD = 39; M = 26% of Tmax, SD = 12). Additionally they obtained mean 95 % of VO2 peak after 147 s (SD = 31; M = 62 % of Tmax, SD = 8) and maintained it for 95 s (SD = 38; M = 38 % of Tmax, SD = 8). These results suggest that 60-70% of Tmax is an appropriate exercise duration for a population of well trained cyclists to attain VO2 peak during exercise at Pmax. However due to intraparticipant variability in the temporal aspects of the VO2 response to exercise at Pmax, future research is needed to examine whether individual high-intensity interval training programs for well trained endurance athletes might best be prescribed according to an athlete's individual VO2 response to exercise at Pmax.

Single-subject research designs and data analyses for assessing elite athletes' conditioning

Research in conditioning (all the processes of preparation for competition) has used group research designs, where multiple athletes are observed at one or more points in time. However, empirical reports of large inter-individual differences in response to conditioning regimens suggest that applied conditioning research would greatly benefit from single-subject research designs. Single-subject research designs allow us to find out the extent to which a specific conditioning regimen works for a specific athlete, as opposed to the average athlete, who is the focal point of group research designs. The aim of the following review is to outline the strategies and procedures of single-subject research as they pertain to.. the assessment of conditioning for individual athletes. The four main experimental designs in single-subject research are: the AB design, reversal (withdrawal) designs and their extensions, multiple baseline designs and alternating treatment designs. Visual and statistical analyses commonly used to analyse single-subject data, and advantages and limitations are discussed. Modelling of multivariate single-subject data using techniques such as dynamic factor analysis and structural equation modelling may identify individualised models of conditioning leading to better prediction of performance. Despite problems associated with data analyses in single-subject research (e.g. serial dependency), sports scientists should use single-subject research designs in applied conditioning research to understand how well an intervention (e.g. a training method) works and to predict performance for a particular athlete.

Reducing the time period of steady state does not affect the accuracy of energy expenditure measurements by indirect calorimetry

Achievement of steady state during indirect calorimetry measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE) is necessary to reduce error and ensure accuracy in the measurement. Steady state is often defined as 5 consecutive min (5-min SS) during which oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production vary by +/-10%. These criteria, however, are stringent and often difficult to satisfy. This study aimed to assess whether reducing the time period for steady state (4-min SS or 3-min SS) produced measurements of REE that were significantly different from 5-min SS. REE was measured with the use of open-circuit indirect calorimetry in 39 subjects, of whom only 21 (54%) met the 5-min SS criteria. In these 21 subjects, median biases in REE between 5-min SS and 4-min SS and between 5-min SS and 3-min SS were 0.1 and 0.01%, respectively. For individuals, 4-min SS measured REE within a clinically acceptable range of +/-2% of 5-min SS, whereas 3-min SS measured REE within a range of -2-3% of 5-min SS. Harris-Benedict prediction equations estimated REE for individuals within +/-20-30% of 5-min SS. Reducing the time period of steady state to 4 min produced measurements of REE for individuals that were within clinically acceptable, predetermined limits. The limits of agreement for 3-min SS fell outside the predefined limits of +/-2%; however, both 4-min SS and 3-min SS criteria greatly increased the proportion of subjects who satisfied steady state within smaller limits than would be achieved if relying on prediction equations.