Ensino-aprendizagem de enfermagem em simula����o cl��nica: desenvolvendo compet��ncia profissional para preven����o de ��lceras por press��o

O desenvolvimento de compet��ncias profissionais em processos de ensino-aprendizagem insere a simula����o na perspectiva tecnol��gica real��stica de situa����es cl��nicas para atingir objetivos educacionais, visando seguran��a e qualidade. A a����o competente operacionaliza saberes pela combina����o de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes. A compet��ncia avalia����o de risco para ��lcera por press��o �� privativa do enfermeiro, o agravo �� indicador de qualidade e seguran��a do paciente. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem ante a estrat��gia de simula����o cl��nica, visando o desenvolvimento da compet��ncia profissional avalia����o de risco para ��lceras por press��o e seus respectivos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes. Fundamentou-se, teoricamente, o estudo, nos preceitos da andragogia, no modelo de Simula����o da National League for Nursing/Jeffries, nas concep����es de compet��ncias de Le Boterf e recomenda����es para preven����o de ��lcera por press��o do NPUAP/ EPUAP. Trata-se de estudo descritivo com an��lise quanti e qualitativa, desenvolvido no Laborat��rio de Simula����o da Universidade Federal do Piau��, em Teresina, com estudantes de enfermagem do ��ltimo ano do curso. Constou de tr��s etapas: constru����o e valida����o de conte��do do instrumento para conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes da compet��ncia, elabora����o do plano de aula e sequ��ncia did��tica do cen��rio de simula����o, aplica����o de pr��/p��s-teste sobre o componente \"conhecimento\", aula expositiva, execu����o do cen��rio de simula����o pelos estudantes, avalia����o dos cen��rios pelo comit�� de ju��zes e debriefing por grupo focal, ap��s o cen��rio. Verificou-se confiabilidade do construto e do instrumento de medida da compet��ncia com concord��ncia predominando de 80 a 100% de pertin��ncia. O instrumento constou de 32 itens: conhecimento (14), habilidades (8) e atitudes (10), com escala de resposta de cinco pontos, de nada (1) a extremamente (5). Inicialmente o estudo contou com 35 estudantes. Desses, 29 (82,8%) participaram da simula����o. Predominou o sexo feminino 22 (76%), faixa et��ria de 21 a 24 anos, 24 (82,7%) e procedentes de Universidades P��blicas do Estado do Piau�� (83%). Os resultados mostraram melhores n��veis de combina����o de saberes para o componente conhecimentos, ap��s a aplica����o das estrat��gias de ensino autorreferidos pelos estudantes. Na avalia����o dos conhecimentos, habilidade e atitudes, durante o cen��rio, houve discord��ncia entre os ju��zes: para o juiz 1 predominaram par��metros negativos da escala (nada e muito pouco) e para o juiz 2 e 3 os positivos (bastante e extremamente). As compara����es pelo teste de vari��ncia ANOVA mostraram diferen��as significativas entre juiz 1 e 2 (p-valor = < 0,01) e juiz 1 e 3 (p-valor=<0,01) para todos os componentes. A an��lise dos dados obtidos, durante o debriefing, originou cinco categorias com suas respectivas unidades de registro tem��ticas pela an��lise de conte��do de Bardin. Os resultados sugerem que a estrat��gia �� capaz de resgatar o racioc��nio operativo dos estudantes durante a a����o, desenvolver pensamento cr��tico-reflexivo sobre a compet��ncia, identificar lacunas de aprendizagem, promover satisfa����o aos estudantes e melhorar a autoimagem profissional. Conclui-se que a estrat��gia possibilita o desenvolvimento da compet��ncia avalia����o de risco para ��lcera por press��o nas dimens��es de saberes (conhecimento), fazeres (habilidades) e querer-agir, saber-agir e poder-agir (atitudes), explorados neste estudo.

A diversidade cultural e as suas implica����es no processo de ensino e aprendizagem : como integrar a diversidade na educa����o de inf��ncia

Relat��rio de est��gio apresentado para obten����o do grau de mestre na especialidade profissional de Educa����o pr��-escolar

Urinary albumin levels in the normal range determine arterial wall thickness in adults with Type 2 diabetes: a FIELD substudy

Aim Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates are substantially higher among patients with Type 2 diabetes than in the general population. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Methods We measured the thickness of the intima media layer of the carotid artery, a strong predictor of the risk of future vascular events, in 397 Type 2 diabetic patients drawn from the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes study, prior to treatment allocation. Results The mean IMT was 0.78 mm [interquartile range (IQR) 0.23 mm], and the maximum IMT was 1.17 mm (IQR 0.36 mm). By multivariate analysis, age, sex, duration of diabetes, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were independently correlated with IMT, as was urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) (P < 0.001). The effect of ACR on IMT was further examined by tertile. Clinically significant differences in IMT were associated with ACR > 0.65 mg/mmol, approximately one-fifth the standard clinical threshold for microalbuminuria (P < 0.01). Long-term diabetes, independent of other parameters, was associated with a 50% increase in age-related thickening. Conclusions IMT in people with Type 2 diabetes is independently and continuously related to urine albumin levels and to the duration of diabetes. These results support previous data linking urine albumin measurements within the normal range with increased ischaemic cardiac mortality in the setting of Type 2 diabetes, and strongly suggest that urine albumin levels within this range should trigger a formal evaluation for CVD.

PROFESSORES COM DEFICI��NCIA F��SICA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: ESTUDO DE TRAJET��RIAS ESCOLARES

Convivemos natural e socialmente com as diferen��as, mesmo que de forma n��o apreendida, n��o aparente. Nesse contexto surge o estigma do deficiente, parte integrante de um grupo que foge aos padr��es normais da sociedade e da natureza. E no conv��vio escolar essa diferen��a torna-se mais evidente gerando um desequil��brio social, que as pr��ticas pedag��gicas tentam minimizar com a proposta da inclus��o. As pesquisas acerca da educa����o inclusiva apontam experi��ncias de professores(as) normais com alunos(as) com e sem defici��ncia que freq��entam o mesmo ambiente escolar. Observando essa realidade de outro ��ngulo, como se apresentam essas rela����es quando o(a) professor(a) �� deficiente? Existem poucos trabalhos documentando essas experi��ncias. Esta pesquisa pretende preencher essa lacuna, tendo como base a trajet��ria formativa de um professor com defici��ncia f��sica, atuando no ensino superior, em conjunto com entrevistas de outros dois professores do ensino superior, tamb��m com defici��ncia f��sica por meio das seguintes categorias: trajet��rias no ensino b��sico, acesso e perman��ncia no ensino superior, acesso ao mercado de trabalho, acesso e atua����o como professor de ensino superior e inclus��o. Objetivou-se assim, estabelecer uma reflex��o sobre a inclus��o profissional frente ��s dificuldades enfrentadas diariamente na escola. Na tentativa de explicitar as caracter��sticas e os atributos dos indiv��duos com defici��ncia, em conv��vio com pessoas normais, utilizou-se como base te��rica o apoio da estat��stica, especificamente da curva normal, em conjunto com a trajet��ria hist��rica e legislativa acerca do tema. Portanto, o estudo visa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura inclusiva promovendo a normalidade das diferen��as.(AU)

A IMPORT��NCIA DAS TICS E DA EDUCA����O COMO PROCESSO COMUNICACIONAL DIAL��GICO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: Um Estudo da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul

Esta tese teve por objetivo saber como o corpo docente da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS) percebe, entende e reage ante a incorpora����o e utiliza����o das Tecnologias de Informa����o e Comunica����o (TICs) nos cursos de gradua����o dessa Institui����o, considerando os novos processos comunicacionais dial��gicos que elas podem proporcionar na sociedade atual. Metodologicamente, a tese �� composta por pesquisa bibliogr��fica, buscando fundamentar as ��reas da Educa����o e Comunica����o, assim como a Educomunica����o; pesquisa documental para contextualiza����o do l��cus da pesquisa e de uma pesquisa explorat��ria a partir da aplica����o de um question��rio online a 165 docentes da UEMS, que responderam voluntariamente. Verificou-se que os professores utilizam as TICs cotidianamente nas atividades pessoais e, em menor escala, nos ambientes profissionais. Os desafios est��o em se formar melhor esse docente e oferecer capacita����o continuada para que utilizem de forma mais eficaz as TICs nas salas de aula. Destaca-se ainda que os avan��os em tecnologia e os novos ecossistemas comunicacionais constru��ram novas e outras realidades, tornando a aprendizagem um fator n��o linear, exigindo-se revis��o nos projetos pedag��gicos na educa����o superior para que estes viabilizem di��logos propositivos entre a comunica����o e a educa����o. A infraestrutura institucional para as TICs �� outro entrave apontado, tanto na aquisi����o como na manuten����o desses aparatos tecnol��gicos pela Universidade. Ao final, prop��e-se realizar estudos e pesquisas que possam discutir altera����es nos regimes contratuais de trabalho dos docentes, uma vez que, para atuar com as TICs de maneira apropriada, exige-se mais tempo e dedica����o do docente.

Alpha tocopherol supplementation elevates plasma apolipoprotein A1 isoforms in normal healthy subjects

Plasma ��-tocopherol (AT) concentrations are inversely related to cardiovascular (CV) risk; however, intervention studies with AT have failed to show any consistent benefit against CV disease (CVD). Proteomics offers the opportunity to examine novel effects of AT supplementation on protein expression and therefore improve our understanding of the physiological roles of AT. Thus, to investigate the effects of AT supplementation on the plasma proteome of healthy subjects we have undertaken a double-blind, randomised, parallel design supplementation study in which healthy subjects (n = 32; 11 male and 21 female) consumed AT supplements (134 or 268 mg/day) or placebo capsules for up to 28 days. Plasma samples were obtained before supplementation and after 14 and 28 days of supplementation for analysis of changes in the plasma proteome using 2-DE and MALDI-MS. Using semiquantitative proteomics, we observed that proapolipoprotein A1 (identified by MS and Western blotting) was altered at least two-fold. Using quantitative ELISA techniques, we confirmed a significant increase in plasma apolipoprotein A1 concentration following supplementation with AT which was both time and dose dependent (p < 0.01 after 28 days supplementation with 268 mg AT/day). These data demonstrate the time and dose sensitivity of the plasma proteome to AT supplementation. �� 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

The nitric oxide-donating pravastatin derivative, NCX 6550 [(1S-[1��(��S*, ��S*), 2��, 6��, 8��-(R*), 8a��]]-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-��, ��, 6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-1-naphtalene-heptanoic acid 4-(nitrooxy)butyl ester)], reduces splenocyte adhesion and reactive oxygen species generation in normal and atherosclerotic mice

Statins possess anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to their ability to slow atherogenesis, whereas nitric oxide (NO) also influences inflammatory cell adhesion. This study aimed to determine whether a novel NO-donating pravastatin derivative, NCX 6550 [(1S-[1���(��S*,dS*),2���,6a���,8��-(R*),8a���]]-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-��,��,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)-1-naphthalene-heptanoic acid 4-(nitrooxy)butyl ester)], has greater anti-inflammatory properties compared with pravastatin in normal and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E receptor knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. C57BL/6 and ApoE-/- mice were administered pravastatin (40 mg/kg), NCX 6550 (48.5 mg/kg), or vehicle orally for 5 days. Ex vivo studies assessed splenocyte adhesion to arterial segments and splenocyte reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. NCX 6550 significantly reduced splenocyte adhesion to artery segments in both C57BL/6 (8.8 �� 1.9% versus 16.6 �� 6.7% adhesion; P < 0.05) and ApoE-/- mice (9.3 �� 2.9% versus 23.4 �� 4.6% adhesion; P < 0.05) concomitant with an inhibition of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. NCX 6550 also significantly reduced phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced ROS production that was enhanced in isolated ApoE-/- splenocytes. Conversely, pravastatin had no significant effects on adhesion in normal or ApoE-/- mice but reduced the enhanced ROS production from ApoE-/- splenocytes. In separate groups of ApoE-/- mice, NCX 6550 significantly enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation to carbachol in aortic segments precon-tracted with phenylephrine (-logEC50, 6.37 �� 0.37) compared with both vehicle-treated (-logEC50, 5.81 �� 0.15; P < 0.001) and pravastatin-treated (-logEC50, 5.57 �� 0.45; P < 0.05) mice. NCX 6550 also significantly reduced plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels (648.8 pg/ml) compared with both vehicle (1191.1 pg/ml; P < 0.001) and pravastatin (847 �� 71.0 pg/ml; P < 0.05) treatment. These data show that NCX 6550 exerts superior anti-inflammatory actions compared with pravastatin, possibly through NO-related mechanisms.

Holocene Mg/Ca, alkenones, and light stable isotope measurements on the outer North Iceland shelf, sediment core MD99-2269

We present new Holocene century to millennial-scale proxies for the well-dated piston core MD99-2269 from H��nafl��adj��p on the North Iceland Shelf. The core is located in 365 mwd and lies close to the fluctuating boundary between Atlantic and Arctic/Polar waters. The proxies are: alkenone-based SST��C, and Mg/Ca SST��C estimates and stable d13C and d18O values on planktonic and benthic foraminifera. The data were converted to 60 yr equi-spaced time-series. Significant trends in the data were extracted using Singular Spectrum Analysis and these accounted for between 50% and 70% of the variance. A comparison between these data with previously published climate proxies from MD99-2269 was carried out on a data set which consisted of 14-variable data set covering the interval 400-9200 cal yr BP at 100 yr time steps. This analysis indicated that the 1st two PC axes accounted for 57% of the variability with high loadings clustering primarily into "nutrient" and "temperature" proxies. Clustering on the 100 yr time-series indicated major changes in environment at ~6350 and ~3450 cal yr BP, which define early, mid- and late Holocene climatic intervals. We argue that a pervasive freshwater cap during the early Holocene resulted in warm SST��s, a stratified water column, and a depleted nutrient supply. The loss of the freshwater layer in the mid-Holocene resulted in high carbonate production, and the late Holocene/neoglacial interval was marked by significantly more variable sea surface conditions.

Avalia����o do ensino da obstret��cia e da assist��ncia ao parto sob a percep����o dos graduandos em medicina e enfermagem na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

OBJETIVE: To evaluate the perception of Medical and Nursing students of Medicine and Nursing graduation courses at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), on obstetrics teaching and labor assistance in the context of the maternal care provided by the Maternity Hospital Janu��rio Cicco (MEJC) and contribute to curricular updating planning of teaching obstetrics, in accordance with the principles of humanization. METHODS: It was conducted a study of cross-cutting approach and qualitative and quantitative descriptive method, with students in medicine and nursing of UFRN, who were attending or had been attended the midwifery disciplines medicine; and women's health in nursing. The data were collected through a questionnaire with objective and subjective questions, and stored in a database, spreadsheet software Excel / Office 2010 with all the variables. RESULTS: We interviewed 169 students, 118 of medical school and 51 from the nursing program, of which 46.75% were male and 53.25% female. The largest number of medical respondents is the 11th period (40.67%), and nursing, on 10, (43.15%). These students witnessed 1,073 births, and (61.8%) vaginal deliveries. The obstetricians were the most performed vaginal deliveries (40%). Nurses performed only (8.13%). The assistance provided to women during the process of labor and delivery, was configured as suitable for 87.58% of respondents and these glimpsed humane conduct. Students who performed deliveries, 76.27% were medical and 11.76% were nursing. All had guidance while doing them. A total of 19.50% medical students reported that there is a prejudice against vaginal delivery, particularly for the humanized birth, unlike all nursing students (100%) who reported that there is this prejudice. Most students (73%) showed preference for vaginal delivery, especially nursing students. On the knowledge of myths in relation to vaginal delivery, 60.35% answered that they know some. CONCLUSION: This study presents itself as a highly relevant, since the results may contribute to curricular changing and updating related to obstetrics teaching, but also serve as a resource for analysis of humanization practices that should be developed in educational institutions and which are recommended by the Ministry of Health.

Uma proposta para o ensino das esta����es do ano com base em um referencial topoc��ntrico

Studies carried out in several countries have confirmed the students��� difficulty in explaining the causes of the seasons of the year, and most of times their learning takes place incorrectly. The seasons of the year have been generally treated in didactic books apart from people��s routine, based on the heliocentric system, what demands abstraction to understand the phenomenon. Before this difficulty, it is necessary to think about a teaching proposal which allows the students to realize the environmental characteristics and its changes over time, as well as the seasons themselves. Thus, our goal was to work from the perspective of the observer on the terrestrial surface, therefore using the topocentric system. For that, we constructed a didactic sequence, grounded in Ausubel��s meaningful learning theory (2003) and in Moreira��s critical meaningful learning theory (2010), which was applied to students in 9th grade of elementary school and in 2th grade of high school at Escola Estadual Jer��nimo Arantes, in Uberl��ndia, Minas Gerais, owing to their previous knowledge and alternative conceptions, which were collected via interviews. Afterwards, to evaluate the applied methodology, we made new interviews, by which we realized improvement in learning in relation to the characteristics of the seasons based on Sun��s apparent path, which we attribute to reference the change of observation and the means to obtain data on the volume of rainfall and average temperature in the city throughout the year. On the other hand, there are points that were not highlighted in learning, such as the link between winter and rainy season and the causes of the seasons, points left to be discussed in future investigations.

Jogos de neg��cio : o que leva o docente de cursos da ��rea de Ci��ncias Sociais Aplicadas a adotar a ferramenta de ensino

The Business Games are a growing teaching strategy and alternative to the academic front through the new process of Teaching and Learning. Through literature review and semi-structured interviews, this work addresses the teachers considering their subjectivity in deciding JN as the three profiles suggested by Faria and Wellington (2004): those who use it, those who stopped using and those who do not. The research corpus is limited to contributions of 22 respondents between master and doctors teachers of Applied Social Sciences area courses in colleges of Bras��lia (DF), Goi��nia (GO), Ribeir��o Preto (SP) and Uberlandia (MG). The content analysis of the interviews allowed to infer that: (1) join the teaching strategy is a commitment to a complex planning, with constant training and proactivity related to student feedback; (2) abandons the practice is becoming less common, because managers tend to recommend it and there are more and more software available for specific disciplines. Its discussed also other contributions (motivations) given by respondents of the three groups that were not found in the literature. It is hoped that this work will serve (1) incentive to teachers on the use of Business Games as a teaching strategy (2) consultation by managers when they decide about purchasing simulation software. Finally, stands out that the educational success of JN depends not only on the various motivations of teachers, as well as the interest and commitment of the student.

Determina��ao das principais prote��nas de fase aguda e do ��ndice progn��stico inflamat��rio nutricional (IPIN) em cachorrodo-mato (Cerdocyon thous - Linnaeus, 1766)

The dog-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous - Linnaeus, 1766) is a medium sized canid widely distributed in South America and occurs in almost all of Brazil. Among the main threats to their conservation are the roadkill mainly caused by habitat loss. The shortage of laboratory bush dogs data affect the veterinary medical care hindering the application of appropriate therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of C-reactive protein, albumin, pre-albumin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and Afla 1 acid glycoprotein and the Prognostic Index Inflammatory Nutritional (IPIN) in this species, thus obtaining a first description of these prognostic markers. They collected 1.5 ml of blood by jugular access 8 of Mato Dogs copies (thous thous) from the Laboratory of collection of Teaching and Research in Wildlife (limpets), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberl��ndia for exams routine. The samples were collected via the jugular vein after physical restraint of animals and trichotomy of the region. After statistical analysis, the values were: albumin: between 2.7 and 3.0 g / dl, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein: between 0.19 and 0.21 g / l, C-reactive protein: between 1.7 and 2 2, prealbumin between 30 and 35 mg / l haptoglobin: between 0.078 and 0.156 and IPIN ��� 0.006 being considered normal and values ��� 0.006 considered high. This press description will serve as a basis for studies where animals may be used with specific diseases and, after analysis, compared with the values found in this study and verified the behavior follows the likeness of domestic dogs.

Aglomera����o urbana descont��nua: o exemplo de Araguari e Uberl��ndia/MG

The analysis of urban conurbations demands the understanding regarding the difference between urban territorial continuity and spatial continuity. While the spatial continuity is understood due to its interrelations and established fluxes, in other words, through the spatial integration, the territorial continuity is related to the urban tissue. Therefore, the spatial continuity can manifest in a simultaneous way or associated to the territorial discontinuity. From this perspective, the main objective of this research consists on identifying and dimensioning the spatial interactions that are driven to a urban conurbation process between the municipalities of Araguari and Uberl��ndia/MG, besides the not continuity of the territorial urban area. The intensity of these interactions was identified from the displacements by the dwellers from both municipalities in search of job occupations, education and health assistance. So it would be able to reach the proposed objectives we used several methodological procedures, such as a bibliographic and documental researches. In order to identify the education and work fluxes we analyzed the micro data from the Demographic Census 2010. For the educational sector it was also accomplished a research, in Araguari, the place of residence of students enrolled at Instituto Master de Ensino Presidente Ant��nio Carlos (IMEPAC) and, in Uberl��ndia, the place of residence of students enrolled at Universidade Federal de Uberl��ndia (UFU). The identification of health fluxes was done through a research, in Uberl��ndia, of the inpatients' origin at Hospital de Cl��nicas de Uberl��ndia of the Universidade Federal de Uberl��ndia (HCU/UFU) and, in Araguari, of the origin of patients that are attended at the Pronto-Socorro Municipal. Semi structured interviews were also accomplished with different social actors. Another important step was the use of questionnaires with the inter-municipal public transportation users at their boarding place in Araguari and Uberl��ndia. This paper was organized in five chapters, while in the first one we accomplished a theoretical discussion over the concept of urban conurbation, in order to presenting the identification and classification criteria and the urban conurbation of non metropolitan criteria. The second chapter analyses the differentiation process between Araguari and Uberl��ndia, which is a result of the distinct territorial formation of the municipalities. The third chapter analyses the intensity and degree of the spatial interactions between the two municipalities, having as a focus the established fluxes in the work sector. The fourth chapter, on the other hand, focuses on the education and health sectors, while the last chapter accomplishes a discussion to investigate if the analyzed fluxes in the previous chapters make it able to identify if the spatial interactions established between Araguari and Uberl��ndia are measured through complementarities or dependence. As a result it was possible to identify that, due to the expressiveness of the established fluxes between the two municipalities, beyond the further ones of Tri��ngulo Mineiro and Alto Parana��ba in the three selected sectors, there is a configuration of a discontinuous urban conurbation process. It was also possible to conclude that, despite the fluxes between Araguari and Uberl��ndia being more representative than the other way around there's a coexistence dependence relationship and complementarity between the two municipalities.

As escolas polivalentes do Tri��ngulo Mineiro e Alto Parana��ba (MG): sondagem vocacional no projeto desenvolvimentista civil-militar (1965���1976)

This study has as object eight state vocational schools located in Araguari, Arax��, Frutal, Ituiutaba, Monte Carmelo, Patos de Minas, Uberaba and Uberl��ndia, in Minas Gerais. The period analyzed comprises the years from 1965 to 1976, from the signature of the Agreement 512-11-610-042 beteween the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) and the American Agency for International Development (USAID), which started a series of other agreements, and actions ending up with the creation of the Expansion and Improvement of High Schools Program (Programa de Expans��o e Melhoria do Ensino M��dio - PREMEM) and, from this, the Vocational Schools. The upper limit of the study, 1976, was the year when these agreements, known as MEC/USAID agreements ceased. The Vocational Schools were characterized as vocation probing schools, directing the professional formation of the population in general, which would happen a posteriori, turning it shorter and more effective, since the labor market would demand, urgently, capable professionals for an expanding economy. The project of Vocational Schools had a national scope, and foresaw, for its unfolding, the complete substitution of State Schools for the new model, called ���multi-curricula���. The theme Vocational schools was the object of my Master���s degree study, when I focused the State School Guiomar de Freitas Costa, in Uberl��ndia. That study raised questionings and concerns that resulted in the central problem of the thesis presented here: understanding the measure in which such schools integrated the country���s development project ��� mostly in the first half of the military rule ��� and to understand its structure, functionality and efficacyThe development of the study presented here, demanded the use of several sources: 1) specialized literature about the topics presented, i.e., the situation of national education in a temporal analysis, the political, economical and social context, research methodologies, the theory of human capital, vocational teaching, pedagogical trends and practices, agreements MEC-USAID and PREMEM; 2) national, state and county laws related to the discussion: laws of national education directives and basis, decrees and reports stating about the program of technical cooperation between Brazil and the United States of America, the Program of Expansion and Improvement of Teaching (PREMEM), formation of professors, establishment of Vocational Schools and educational planning; 3) documentation of school archives: books of minutes of Collegiate and of faculty and staff, registrar books with final scores, enrolment, visits of inspector, accounting books, punch clock records, student, professor and staff occurrences, inventory, class schedules, school year calendar, school rules, class reports, payment rolls, bills of sales, exchanged mail, personal documentation of professional personnel, documents of land acquisition, blueprints, manuals of PREMEM, didactic materials/resources used in classes, books available in the school library, structured evaluations for follow-up of school processes, pictures of events, texts prepared for special dates, and news from the official newspaper and, finally, 4) national and local press reports, especially from Folha de S��o Paulo, Correio de Arax��, Correio de Uberl��ndia and Lavoura e Com��rcio (Uberaba). The proposition of Vocational schools was conciliate theoretical and practical formation through an active education permeated by technological resources. The contact with knowledge and several practical activities under professional supervision, the student would identify the knowledge area that would interest him the most and his aptitude. This formation in primary school would make way for the vocation studies in high school, which became mandatory by the law 5.692/71, that reformed school education from the previous levels of elementary, middle high and high school. However, the multi-curricula proposal that would be spread to the other public schools in the country ended up succumbing to the model already established. From its ephemeral existence, maybe the Vocational Schools have not reached the more general goals in political, economic and social aspects; however, this study demonstrated that, for the people that, directly or indirectly, had contact with such schools, a legacy of vocational and quality teaching was made, so much so, that forty years after the end of that proposal, they are still remembered.

O ensino de arte p��s-moderno na arte de Daniel Francisco de Souza

This thesis presents a research that links cultural history and visual culture in a sociobiographical approach. It gives a ���political treatment��� to the educational experience in the transition of art teaching from the modern to the postmodern. By taking into account my experiences as an educator and the poetic practice in Daniel Francisco de Souza���s visual art, I propose a dialogue with his art and a series of visual narratives this artist/student produced at the time of his education and recently. Such visual narratives were taken as research source and research subject. They were created in a rural setting in dialogue with formal art teaching in two phases: 1992���6, when Daniel Fran cisco attended elementary school in the rural area of Uberl��ndia, MG; and 2008���10, when he attended Visual Arts graduation at Federal University of Uberl��ndia city. I analyze historical processes related to art and teaching, from the early sixteenth century to the present times, to realize residues in students��� poetic experiences. I relate Brazilian educational public policies with experi- ences in that rural school. I try to show the extent to which our educational practices triggered experiences ��� from ones common to intense ones ��� and promoted forms of ���emancipation-knowledge��� or ���regulation-knowledge��� and how the ���selective tradition��� was and how art predetermined history images gave way to everyday visual references, pointing to the ���broad field��� of visual culture. I make an effort to show Daniel Francisco���s work as an adult by tak- ing it according to different approaches. In a poetic reading, first, I emphasixe the material and the symbolic in his art. In a second look, I approach his work through the intertwining experiences of three characters from different times and places that participated in the making of his art: the artist farmer, the artist teacher and the teacher researcher. I assume the existence of a mutual cultural incompleteness in these three characters; which means that parts of their ���structures of feeling��� built on the interrelationship among them are part of the artist��� work as a historical content decanted. Thirdly, I demonstrate how the artist sees his place as a key re ference to his poetic creation. His work does not reflect the rural bucolic as something untouched. In showing the difficulty in distinguishing the archaic residual, I identify emerging issues in his work. I conclude that the artist ��� Daniel Francisco ��� and the researcher ��� myself ��� present maverick features: both are scavengers; their productions approach the working with scraps in art and in the academy; even momentarily, they live in exile in the warmth of the borders or the edges, from where one sees the center clearly. In these spaces, when certain structures and normative codes enter into coalition, they fragment pre-established strategies and stimulate the creation of survival tactics.