281 resultados para Eletrodos
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The use of multimodal neuroimaging techniques has been helpful in the investigation of epileptogenic zone in patients with refractory epilepsies. This work aims to describe an ictal event during EEG-fMRI performed simultaneously in a 39-year-old man with refractory epilepsy. The EEG data were recorded at a sampling rate of 5 kHz, using a BrainAmp (BrainProducts, München, Germany) amplifier, with 64 MR (magnetic resonance) compatible Ag/AgCl electrodes. MR images were acquired using a 3T scanner in 3 sequences of 6 minutes of echo-planar images (EPIs), with TR = 2s, being the last sequence stopped after the ictal event. The EEG was corrected for gradient and pulse artifacts using the Brain Vision Analyzer2 software (BrainProducts), and the functional images were realigned, slice-timing corrected, normalized and smoothed. The start of the ictal changes was used for the evaluation of the BOLD response in MR images, using a t-test with a minimum cluster of 5 voxels, p <0.005 (T>2.5). The patient had a partial complex seizure, as noted by neurologist. The fMRI data showed positive BOLD responses (activation) in dysplastic areas, but showed the most significant activation outside the lesion, in areas compatible with secondary spread of the epileptic focus, probably caused by motor reaction also observed during the seizure. As a conclusion, we note that the technique of EEG-fMRI can detect the epileptogenic zone in patients with refractory epilepsy, but areas of dissemination of primary epileptogenic focus may show significant activation, introducing additional difficulties to the interpretation of the results
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During the twentieth century the inorganic electronics was largely developed being present in various industrial equipment or household use. However, at the end of that century were verified electronic properties in organic compounds, giving rise to the field of organic electronics. Since then, the physical properties of elementary devices such as diodes and organic transistors have been studied. In this work was studied the properties of diode devices fabricated with a semiconductor polymer, the poly-o-methoxyaniline (POMA). Devices containing electrodes of Au and Al were fabricated with semiconductor polymer of different doping levels. We found that the rectifying behavior for the heterojunctions metal/polimer are reached only for high doping level (with conductivity greater than 1,77. 10-9 S / cm), which gives the devices characteristic of a Schottky diode. The rectifying behavior was observed for electric fields of low magnitude, below the operating field (~ 600 V/cm), while for electric field greater than 600 V/cm the a linear behavior I vs.V was obtained. We determined that this Ohmic behavior arises from the charge transport over the volume of the semiconductor material after the lowering of the metal/semiconductor barrier. In devices with weakly doped semiconductor, the electrical resistance of the volume becomes high and the process of charge transportation is dominated by the volume, for any intensity of the applied electric field
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Fuel cells are a very promising solution to the problems of power generation and emission of pollutant to the environment, excellent to be used in stationary application and mobile application too. The high cost of production of these devices, mainly due to the use of noble metals as anode, is a major obstacle to massive production and deployment of this technology, however the use of intermetallic phases of platinum combined with other metals less noble has been evaluated as electrodes in order to minimize production costs and still being able to significantly improve the catalytic performance of the anode. The study of intermetallic phases, exclusively done by experimental techniques is not complete and demand that other methods need to be applied to a deeper understanding of the behavior geometric properties and the electronic structure of the material, to this end the use of computer simulation methods, which have proved appropriate for a broader understanding of the geometric and electronic properties of the materials involved, so far not so well understood.. The use of computational methods provides answers to explain the behavior of the materials and allows assessing whether the intermetallic may be a good electrode. In this research project was used the Quantum-ESPRESSO package, based on the DFT theory, which provides the self-consistent field calculations with great precision, calculations of the periodic systems interatomic force, and other post-processing calculations that points to a knowledge of the geometric and electronic properties of materials, which may be related to other properties of them, even the electrocatalytic. The electronic structure is determined from the optimized geometric structure of materials by analyzing the density of states (DOS) projected onto atomic orbital, which determines the influence of the electrocatalytic properties of the material... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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This paper presents the study on the application of the electrolytic plasma for surface treatment of aluminum. A bibliographical study on the material of interest was preliminarily performed and later designed and built an electrolytic cell, including the excitation source. Unlike conventional electrolysis process, the plasma assisted carry on in the non-linear region of characteristic current/voltage curve. Therefore it requires for the on set of the process that the power supply operates on harder conditions than those on high current process. The plasma produced during the present investigation has temperatures in the range o 6,0.10 3 -7,0 .10 3 K, well above those found in conventional chemical process. It also shows a particular dynamic to promote changes on surface and to produce new materials. The plasma is generated by microdischarge in vapor or gas bubbles involved in physic-chemical processes in electrode regions of the electrolytic cell. The electrode material was the aluminum (7075). The Process Electrolytic Plasma Processing (EPP) is sensitive to various parameters such as operating voltage, current density, electrolyte, concentration of electrolyte, geometry of reactor, temperature of electrolytic solution and dynamic of the fluid in the cell. The experiments were carried on in order to find parameters for a stable abd steady operation. The choice for the electrolytic was silicate/alkali solution in various concentrations to operate in various voltage as well. Plasma was produced on negative (cathode) and positive (anode) electrode, in specific conditions. A stable operation on the cathode process was obtained with low concentration of the electrolytic in aqueous solution, current density around 250V effective voltage. For the evolution of plasma in anodic process it was required higher concentrations and higher... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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A função normal dos músculos escapulotorácicos é um dos componentes vitais para a estabilidade dinâmica do complexo do ombro. A maioria dos estudos aborda o controle dinâmico da escápula, porém o comportamento muscular no controle estático da mesma tem sido menos frequente. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a ação simultânea dos músculos serrátil anterior e as três porções do trapézio durante o movimento de rotação interna e externa do ombro, entre voluntários assintomáticos. 10 indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 40 anos foram avaliados com testes de movimentos de rotação do ombro direito e esquerdo, contra uma resistência elástica (40% da CIVM), para captação de EMG por meio de eletrodos de superfície nos músculos: trapézio ascendente (TA), trapézio transverso (TT), trapézio descendente (TD) e serrátil anterior (SA). Foram obtidos valores de Contração Isométrica Voluntária Máxima (CIVM) para os músculos rotadores do ombro e TA, TT, TD e SA. Os sinais foram normalizados pela CIVM e processados no software Matlab, gerando curvas médias de ativação simultânea para cada par muscular (TA/TT; TA/TD; TA/SA; TT/TD; TT/SA; e TD/SA). A quantidade de cocontração dos pares musculares foi baixa (variação média de 2,3% a 11% da CIVM), e os pares em combinação com o SA tiveram tendência de maiores valores; a variabilidade encontrada foi baixa e a confiabilidade foi adequada (ICC > 0,70). Os baixos valores de co-contração encontrados neste estudo eram esperados, concordando com a biomecânica do movimento utilizado e com os estudos que avaliaram os mesmos músculos em outras condições; o movimento de RE apresentou co-contração levemente maior que a RI e isto sugere que a RE é um movimento mais instável, além de ser considerado o movimento mais fraco do ombro. Diante dos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a metodologia utilizada foi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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O joelho, por suas características anatômicas e freqüente instabilidade e exposição as lesões tem o quadríceps como importante músculo a ser desenvolvido quanto ao seu trofismo e força. Composto de quatro porções distintas estas podem gerar diferentes vetores de força que podem ter relações diretas com o recrutamento de unidades motoras. O posicionamento articular, a conseqüente modificação do comprimento muscular e a intensidade da contração podem influenciar o desenvolvimento da força do quadríceps. Dentre as contrações relacionadas ao maior recrutamento de unidades motoras com o intuito do desenvolvimento de força está a contração isométrica. Dentre as contrações musculares, as isométricas têm sido frequentemente indicadas para aumentar a força e estabilidade articular em sessões de treinamento e reabilitação. Pelo exposto, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar os músculos vasto medial (VM) e vasto lateral (VL) por meio da eletromiografia de superfície durante 15s de contração isométrica a 20%, 30%, 40% e 50% da contração isométrica voluntária máxima – CIVM com o joelho a 90 graus. Foram utilizados eletrodos de superfície bipolar de Ag/AgCl, posicionados nos músculos VM e VL, um módulo de aquisição de sinais biológicos (Lynx) calibrado com ganho de 1000vezes, filtro de passa alta de 20Hz e de passa baixa de 500Hz. Uma célula de carga foi acoplada perpendicularmente à cadeira de teste especialmente desenvolvida para o estudo e utilizado uma indicador digital para retorno visual. Na análise estatística utilizou-se teste de Friedman e teste de Wilcoxon, e adotou-se nível de significância de p<0,05. Verificou-se que os músculos VM e VL foram semelhantes entre si, e entre as cargas, houve diferença significante entre as cargas de 20% e 40%, 20% e 50%, e 30% e 50% para ambos os músculos, com maior atividade nas cargas de 40% e 50% CVM... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Física - IGCE
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)