La economía del cambio climático en Bolivia: Impactos en hidroenergía

En este estudio se analizan los efectos del cambio climático sobre el sector de energía eléctrica en Bolivia, tomando como base las proyecciones realizadas por el modelo de equilibrio general computable. El cambio climático afectaría a la generación de energía hidroeléctrica a través del efecto sobre los caudales de los ríos que suministran agua a las centrales hidroeléctricas del Sistema Interconectado Nacional. Concretamente, se espera una disminución de las precipitaciones con la consecuente disminución en el caudal, lo que reduciría la oferta de energía hidroeléctrica.

El cambio climático y sus efectos en la biodiversidad en América Latina

América Latina y el Caribe es una región particularmente vulnerable a las amenazas del cambio climático. Esto, entre otras razones, por la riqueza en biodiversidad y por los endemismos que alberga En este sentido el presente documento analiza y resume los principales impactos del cambio climático en la biodiversidad de América Latina y el Caribe, incluyendo especies endémicas de aves, anfibios y reptiles. Asimismo, destaca la importancia económica, social y ambiental de la conservación de la biodiversidad, considerando los servicios culturales, de aprovisionamiento, y de regulación y soporte que esto genera.

A indústria farmacêutica da América Latina: um estudo comparativo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aproveitamento de resíduos na composição de painel sarrafeado amarrado: um estudo econômico

The manufacture of plywood panel already has about eighty years in Brazil. In general, plywood panels differ by their nature, composition and manufacturing; the most common MDF, OSB, particle and the joist. Some of these products can be generated fromindustrial waste, as the panelblockboard, you can use in their training waste destop boards (Battens), from industrial processes or processing of primary wood. This work aims to present the detailed study of the economic viability of utilization of industrial solid waste timber through the acquisition of a machine amarradeira of joists in a wood processing unit in city Itapeva-SP. We studied the application of wastein the composition of kernels blockboard panel tied its commercial acceptance and future prospects market. We noticed great economic advantage in investing in the study, compared with the transformation process of the joists in biomass energy, although the investment decision involves not only financial matters but also the acceptance market the product to be manufactured

Variação histórica dos preços e das reservas de petróleo brasileiras e internacionais no período 1992-2011

The oil market is not a common market, and its complexity increases dramatically when considering the strategic and geopolitical involved, thus resulting in large uncertainties and concerns. The attempt to control prices has always been a challenge for the major world powers, since the increase in oil prices benefits the exporting countries, but harms importers, especially those regarded as less developed. Understand and try to predict some strategies adopted up the oil crises is one of the main points of the research, in order to demonstrate how economics can be used as an instrument of power and domination between nations, and how plans and strategies and rearrangements of supply and demand favor the growth of this economy, especially in the current period, with the new Brazilian oil era, beginning with the discovery of pre-salt, amid a context of growing need for the use of oil and its derivatives

A obsolescência deliberada dos produtos e sua relação com o meio ambiente

A preocupação ambiental é crescente em praticamente todas as áreas do conhecimento. A miríade de abordagens do tema “meio ambiente” dentro da Ciência Econômica revela a premência do assunto bem como a distância do consenso. Assim, apesar da complexidade intrínseca ao sistema capitalista quando da sua inter-relação com os recursos naturais, poluição e biodiversidade, o presente trabalho propõe a análise da obsolescência prematura deliberada dos produtos como estratégia para impulsionar as vendas e sua relação com o meio ambiente bem como a observação de estratégias para a inibição dessa prática que promove o aumento do consumo - nem sempre consciente - dos recursos naturais em nome do lucro imediatista e gera quantidades cada vez maiores de resíduos e poluentes

Migração e trabalho: impactos do processo migratório na vivência da mulher nordestina

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

O equilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos contratos de concessão de rodovias federais e estaduais sob a égide da Lei 8.987/95

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize the evidence on the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected sexual intercourse according to viral load and treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase and conference abstracts from 1996-2009. We included longitudinal studies of serodiscordant couples reporting on HIV transmission according to plasma viral load or use of ART and used random-effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary transmission rates [with 95% confidence intervals, (CI)]. If there were no transmission events we estimated an upper 97.5% confidence limit. RESULTS: We identified 11 cohorts reporting on 5021 heterosexual couples and 461 HIV-transmission events. The rate of transmission overall from ART-treated patients was 0.46 (95% CI 0.19-1.09) per 100 person-years, based on five events. The transmission rate from a seropositive partner with viral load below 400 copies/ml on ART, based on two studies, was zero with an upper 97.5% confidence limit of 1.27 per 100 person-years, and 0.16 (95% CI 0.02-1.13) per 100 person-years if not on ART, based on five studies and one event. There were insufficient data to calculate rates according to the presence or absence of sexually transmitted infections, condom use, or vaginal or anal intercourse. CONCLUSION: Studies of heterosexual discordant couples observed no transmission in patients treated with ART and with viral load below 400 copies/ml, but data were compatible with one transmission per 79 person-years. Further studies are needed to better define the risk of HIV transmission from patients on ART.

Visión inusual de la violencia : la perspectiva infantil en la novela contemporánea de Colombia y de la República Dominicana

La violencia en todas sus dimensiones ha ocupado tarde o temprano la pluma de los escritores del Caribe y de América Latina, quienes con estilos disímiles y diversas estrategias discursivas encontraron en la labor literaria la libertad expresiva negada, en la mayoría de los casos, por su contexto social. La relativa distancia temporal de estos acontecimientos no significa que los intelectuales de los ’90 hasta el presente hayan dado una vuelta de página a la historia de tales sucesos cuyas consecuencias aún hoy se advierten y padecen. La literatura de Colombia y de la República Dominicana no son una excepción. Señorita del escritor colombiano Gonzalo España (1996) filtra la violencia de los años cincuenta de su país a través de la memoria de un niño, voz narrativa que actúa como un catalizador positivo del pasado. Mudanza de los sentidos de Ángela Hernández (2001) se distingue por la inocente perspectiva de una niña quien, al relatar el mundo de la tiranía de Rafael Leonidas Trujillo en la República Dominicana, cuenta su propia historia. Los distintos ritmos narrativos, el particular lenguaje y las diversas estrategias literarias permitirán analizar la importancia de elegir una perspectiva infantil para relatar los hechos de la violencia. La ruptura con los tradicionales personajes colectivos de las novelas que ficcionalizan hechos y personajes históricos amplía las posibilidades críticas y reflexivas que la expresión literaria ofrece sobre los hechos sociales y sobre el mismo arte de escribir.

Prematica, en que se da la orden que se ha de tener en el traer de los lutos en estos reynos.

Capitulares grab. xil.

Expert survey on priorities for the information society in the Caribbean

An on-line survey of experts was conducted to solicit their views on policy priorities in the area of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the Caribbean. The experts considered the goal to “promote teacher training in the use of ICTs in the classroom” to be the highest priority, followed by goals to “reduce the cost of broadband services” and “promote the use of ICT in emergency and disaster prevention, preparedness and response.” Goals in the areas of cybercrime, e-commerce, egovernment, universal service funds, consumer protection, and on-line privacy rounded out the top 10. Some of the lowest ranked goals were those related to coordinating the management of infrastructure changes. These included the switchover for digital terrestrial television (DTT) and digital FM radio, cloud computing for government ICT, the introduction of satellite-based internet services, and the installation of content distribution networks (CDNs). Initiatives aimed at using ICT to promote specific industries, or specific means of promoting the digital economy, tended toward the centre of the rankings. Thus, a general pattern emerged which elevated the importance of focusing on how ICT is integrated into the broader society, with economic issues a lower priority, and concerns about coordination on infrastructure issues lower still.

Efectos distributivos de las políticas públicas para la mitigación del cambio climático en América Latina: una aproximación con un meta-análisis

El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar los efectos potenciales de diversas políticas climáticas sobre la distribución del ingreso en América Latina. Este análisis se realizó con base en un meta-análisis y su meta-regresión y el análisis de las encuestas de ingreso gasto de diversos países de América Latina. Los principales resultados obtenidos de este análisis muestran que en general existe una tendencia a identificar efectos regresivos derivados de la instrumentación de políticas públicas orientadas a la mitigación. Sin embargo, la revisión de la literatura y de las encuestas de ingreso gasto muestran que los resultados son heterogéneos por países y que dependen de factores tales como el instrumento aplicado, la inclusión de estrategias de reciclaje fiscal y del nivel de desarrollo.