Effect of passive pneumoperitoneum on oesophageal pressure, cardiovascular parameters and blood gas analysis in horses

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A pro-inflammatory role of lymphoid cells in acute pleurisy in rats

The effect of viable splenic lymphoid cells and their constituents (filtrate) on carrageenan-induced acute pleurisy was investigated in rats. Suspensions of lymphoid cells administered intravenously to recipients just prior to initiation of pleurisy enhance both the volume of exudate and cell accumulation in the pleural cavity 3 h after the irritation. Similar results were observed when filtrate of disrupted lymphoid cells was injected either 30 or 5 min before the carrageenan, but not when administered 30 min afterwards. Suspensions of bone marrow cells, on the contrary, were ineffective in producing an enhancement of the parameters studied. When administered into the pleural cavity together with carrageenan, the lymphoid cell filtrate augmented the inflammatory response to the irritant. Nevertheless, it was ineffective, per se, to elicit any local change. It is suggested that lymphoid cells may play a pro-inflammatory role in the initiation of the process by enhancing both the fluid and the cellular components of inflammation.

Effects of contrast material on computed tomographic measurements of lung volumes in patients with acute lung injury

Background. Intravenous injection of contrast material is routinely performed in order to differentiate nonaerated lung parenchyma from pleural effusion in critically ill patients undergoing thoracic computed tomography (CT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of contrast material on CT measurement of lung volumes in 14 patients with acute lung injury. Method. A spiral thoracic CT scan, consisting of contiguous axial sections of 10 mm thickness, was performed from the apex to the diaphragm at end-expiration both before and 30 s (group 1; n=7) or 15 min (group 2; n=7) after injection of 80 ml contrast material. Volumes of gas and tissue, and volumic distribution of CT attenuations were measured before and after injection using specially designed software (Lungview®; Institut National des Télécommunications, Evry, France). The maximal artifactual increase in lung tissue resulting from a hypothetical leakage within the lung of the 80 ml contrast material was calculated. Results. Injection of contrast material significantly increased the apparent volume of lung tissue by 83 ± 57 ml in group 1 and 102 ± 80 ml in group 2, whereas the corresponding maximal artifactual increases in lung tissue were 42 ± 52 ml and 31 ± 18 ml. Conclusion. Because systematic injection of contrast material increases the amount of extravascular lung water in patients with acute lung injury, it seems prudent to avoid this procedure in critically ill patients undergoing a thoracic CT scan and to reserve its use for specific indications.

Static lung compliance and body pressures in Tupinambis merianae with and without post-hepatic septum

The surgical removal of the post-hepatic septum (PHS) in the tegu lizard, Tupinambis merianae, significantly reduces resting lung volume (VLr) and maximal lung volume (VLm) when compared with tegus with intact PHS. Standardised for body mass (MB), static lung compliance was significantly less in tegus without PHS. Pleural and abdominal pressures followed, like ventilation, a biphasic pattern. In general, pressures increased during expiration and decreased during inspiration. However, during expiration pressure changes showed a marked intra- and interindividual variation. The removal of the PHS resulted in a lower cranio-caudal intracoelomic pressure differential, but had no effect on the general pattern of pressure changes accompanying ventilation. These results show that a perforated PHS that lacks striated muscle has significant influence on static breathing mechanics in Tupinambis and by analogy provides valuable insight into similar processes that led to the evolution of the mammalian diaphragm. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Ultrassonografia torácica extracardíaca em pequenos animais

Until recently, ultrasonography was not considered one of the prevailing imaging methods for thoracic evaluation due to its limitations in evaluating lesions located below thoracic gas collections in individuals with normal lung tissue as well as in those with pneumothorax. Nevertheless, ultrasound has an advantage over other imaging techniques. It allows not only differentiating pleural from pulmonary lesions, but also identifying and assessing peripheral pulmonary lesions. Thus, thoracic ultrasound has become more popular in Veterinary Medicine as an ancillary method in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases of the thoracic cavity, especially in emergency settings. This review aims at providing information on the main alterations found in the chest wall, mediastinum, pleura, lung and diaphragm by means of ultrasonography.

Squamous cell lung carcinoma in a cat

Primary lung neoplasms are rare in small animals and present variable clinical signs. Here we report a case of a 4-year-old male cat which presented with apathy, dyspnea and pleural effusion. The cytological analysis of the pleural effusion revealed massive presence of atypical cells and the histopathological examination of the lung demonstrated tissue infiltration by atypical cells arranged in solid nests. The cytological and histopathological findings were compatible with squamous cell lung carcinoma.

¿Globalización y equidad?: sí, es posible un mundo mejor

Globalización y equidad, asuntos trascendentes y definitorios para el futuro de nuestros pueblos, son, desafortunadamente términos que reflejan profundas contradicciones, ya que no es la equidad precisamente lo que caracteriza la actual globalización, que con signo neoliberal es propia del mundo de hoy, como expresión contemporánea de la internacionalización de la producción asociada al capitalismo altamente desarrollado. La globalización, en lo que se ha llamado su tercera etapa, se sustenta en significativos avances de las comunicaciones y la informática, que ofrecen amplias posibilidades para el desarrollo. Sin embargo, obtener los beneficios de ese proceso supone una participación equitativa de los avances científico-técnicos que la hacen posible, entendiendo por equidad el acceso en igualdad de condiciones a todo aquello a lo que se tiene derecho, de acuerdo a normas universales de justicia social. Semejantes premisas no están presentes hoy y diríamos que históricamente el concepto moderno de equidad no se ha desarrollado en esa dirección. Desde las tesis liberales de Adam Smith, que concebían el libre juego del mercado como el medio ideal para compatibilizar la búsqueda del beneficio individual con el mayor beneficio social, asistimos a la singular transfiguración del egoísmo personal en una virtud social, dando a la equidad, así concebida en los marcos de la concurrencia, un sello de igualdad de dudosa validez. Precisamente serían los socialistas utópicos primero y los marxistas después, los que cuestionarían el concepto de equidad así sustentado, llegando a la conclusión de que era necesario alcanzar una nueva forma de organización social si se quería lograr un mundo realmente equitativo. Ciento cincuenta años después, en la conciencia de la humanidad se abren paso de forma creciente los principios de equidad y justicia social propugnados por el pensamiento socialista, que impulsan la globalización de la solidaridad en contraposición a la globalización neoliberal. Este debate no solamente se ha desarrollado en Cuba. En el plano internacional tiene una historia más reciente, pero no menos contrapuesta. Después del reparto colonial del mundo y pasadas dos guerras mundiales, los propios intereses del desarrollo capitalista generaron la necesidad de superar el empleo de la fuerza como medio de dominación. La liberación de las antiguas colonias y los nuevos mecanismos de sometimiento neocolonial que la seguirían pusieron de manifiesto como nunca antes la desigualdad en el ejercicio del derecho al desarrollo y la inequidad del orden económico internacional existente. La experiencia de la posguerra demostró que si bien el capitalismo podía propiciar el crecimiento económico, no aseguraba con ello el acceso equitativo a sus frutos, y mucho menos a un desarrollo social adecuado. El debate internacional sobre estos temas tomó el rumbo del derrame sobre el desarrollo de los resultados del progreso, por la vía de un acelerado intercambio comercial que pondría de manifiesto en los años 60 y 70 del siglo pasado el hoy poco mencionado fenómeno del intercambio desigual y la necesidad de promover un nuevo orden económico internacional más justo. La expansión de los flujos financieros internacionales y su contradictorio devenir en los 80, se manifestarían con fuerza en la crisis de la deuda externa y los debates que la compañaron, hoy sepultados bajo la aparentemente infinita capacidad de movimiento del capital financiero especulativo, con sus soluciones salvadoras de corto plazo que no han hecho más que agudizar las contradicciones del endeudamiento creciente del Tercer Mundo, tema que se pretende ignorar hasta en las conferencias financieras más recientes.

A New Miniature Characid (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), with Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Data

Erythrocharax altipinnis is described from the Serra do Cachimbo, Pará, Brazil. The new taxon is distinguished from all of the Characidae genera by having the pelvic bones firmly attached through the isquiatic processes; a nearly triangular hiatus in the musculature covering the anterior chamber of the swim bladder between the first and second pleural ribs (pseudotympanum); the pedunculate, notably expanded and distally compressed teeth in both jaws; circumorbital series represented by antorbital and four infraorbital bones with laterosensory canals not enclosed; a single tooth row in the premaxillary with the teeth perfectly aligned and similar in shape and cusp number; the first three branched dorsal-fin rays distinctly elongate in males; a bright red adipose and caudal fins in life; a conspicuous dark midlateral stripe extending from the opercle to the tip of the median caudal-fin rays; and by the absence of a humeral spot. The phylogenetic position of the new taxon is discussed using morphological and molecular datasets, with conflicting results of both approaches discussed. Additionally, a summarized discussion on the current problems in the Characidae taxonomy is presented and the principal biases in the morphological dataset are also discussed. © 2013 Netto-Ferreira et al.

Crecimiento, crisis y viraje estratégico

Incluye Bibliografía

Cloreto de sódio a 0,9%, adicionado ou não de dexametasona, intrapleural, na prevenção de aderências pulmonares após toracotomia intercostal em cães

Pulmonary adhesions in dogs are a common sequel after surgical intervention, undermining any interventions. This study aimed to determine in dogs, the efficacy of sodium chloride solution 0.9% with or without dexamethasone in order to prevent adhesions after intercostal thoracotomy. Fifteen dogs were separated into three groups of five animals, A, B and C and underwent thoracotomy in the fifth left intercostal space. Three other dogs were submitted to a previous study. In the dogs of Group A it was performed only a thoracotomy and thoracorraphy; in group B, it was performed a thoracotomy, thoracorraphy and injection into the pleural cavity of isotonic sodium chloride (10ml) and dexamethasone (1mg kg-1). In the dogs of the group C, it was performed the thoracotomy thoracorraphy and injected isotonic sodium chloride (10ml kg-1) into the pleural cavity. After 15 days of thoracotomy, it was performed transdiaphragmatic thoracocospy to determine the presence and score of adhesions between the lung and chest wall. The results demonstrated the presence of adhesions in the majority of group A and reduced or no adhesions in the other groups. For statistical evaluation, it was pplied the chi-square test with significance level of 5% (P≤0.05). The sodium chloride solution 0.9% with or without dexamethasone in the pleural space prevented or reduced lung adhesions after intercostal thoracotomy.

Avaliação bioquímica, morfológica e funcional do músculo estriado esquelético de ratos na insuficiência cardíaca

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uso intrapleural de solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9%, adicionada ou não de dexametasona, na prevenção de aderências pulmonares após toracotomia intercostal em cães

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Origin, fate and effects of oil pollution in the marine environment

Includes bibliography

Efetividade de antibióticos em pacientes com trauma de tórax submetidos à toracostomia tubular fechada: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mapeamento da sensibilidade ambiental a derramentos de óleo para a região costeira de São Sebastião e Caraguatatuba, litoral norte de São Paulo (SP), com uso de modelagem em SIG de sistema especialista baseado em conhecimento e árvore de decisão

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE