Spermiogenesis and spermatozoon ultrastructure of the dilepidid cestode Molluscotaenia crassiscolex (von Linstow, 1890), an intestinal parasite of the common shrew Sorex araneus

Spermiogenesis in Molluscotaenia crassiscolex begins with the formation of a differentiation zone containing two centrioles. One of the centrioles develops a flagellum directly into the cytoplasmic extension. The nucleus elongates and later migrates along the spermatid body. During advanced stages of spermiogenesis, a periaxonemal sheath appears in the spermatid. Spermiogenesis finishes with the appearance of a single helicoidal crested body at the base of the spermatid and, finally, the narrowing of the ring of arched membranes causes the detachment of the fully formed spermatozoon. The mature spermatozoon of M. crassiscolex exhibits a partially detached crested body in the anterior region of the spermatozoon, one axoneme, twisted cortical microtubules, a periaxonemal sheath, and a spiralled nucleus. The anterior spermatozoon extremity is characterized by the presence of an electron-dense apical cone and a single spiralled crested body, which is attached to the sperm cell in the anterior and posterior areas of region I, whereas in the middle area it is partially detached from the cell. This crested body is described for the first time in cestodes. The posterior extremity of the male gamete exhibits only the disorganizing axoneme. Results are discussed and compared particularly with the available ultrastructural data on dilepidids sensu lato.

A Pragmatic Intellectual: Dutch Fabians, Boekman, and Cultural Policy in the Netherlands, 1890-1940

Around 1900, the notion of community art (gemeenschapskunst) served to crystallize Dutch social democratic thinking about the role of the arts in society. Drawing on the pragmatism of leading social democrats like Wibaut, and drawing on his formal education in economics and statistics, the self‐made social democrat Emanuel Boekman redressed the utopian meaning of community art to signify the dissemination of "good" culture over all layers of society in his influential 1939 dissertation on the relation of the state to the arts. Being about facts rather than opinions, Boekman set the boundaries of his work to exclude a substantial discussion of the meaning of "good" culture. On the one hand, this pragmatism helped Boekman to gain support for government intervention for the arts over most of the political spectrum. On the other hand, Boekman thus pre‐empted discussions about the tension between "quality" and "accessibility" of the arts that haunts cultural policy in the Netherlands to this day.

Curso noturno de licenciatura em química: uma década de experiência na UFMS

This is a study concerned with determining the efficiency in training high school chemistry teachers in the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The analysis was based on the following information, i.e., the opinion of the students who were enrolled in the course, university entrance examinations and academic performance. We reach the conclusion that the goal was partially achieved in training high schools' teachers. Further suggestions and strategies are proposed in order to overcome the problems.

A química medicinal na próxima década

Medicinal chemistry is multi, trans and inter disciplinary on its essence. It has a great deal of challenging Brazilian chemists in the next decade. The pharmacy school is essentially attached and has an important role in the development on the field that is still in domain of big pharmaceutical industries. This work shows the challenges to face and directions to jointly follow for a myriad of researchers throughout the country. The unnamed science has to work out through specific objectives in order to diminish the problems associated with human being health. A brief history is presented where the main goal is to devise chemistry, as a natural science, and many other interfaced disciplines.

Química no Brasil: perspectivas e necessidades para a próxima década - Documento básico

Over the past years the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ) has been working on different projects related to the development of Chemistry in Brazil. After a discussion throughout the country two documents have been published in Quimica Nova: "Mobilizing Axes in Chemistry" and "The Chemist's Education". Here, we describe the initial document which was the starting point for the discussion of a new series of papers published in this special issue of Quimica Nova which presents an overview of the Chemistry in our country and the perspectives and needs for the next decade.

Ocorrência e atividade biológica de quassinóides da última década

Quassinoids, the bitter principles of the Simaroubaceae family, are a group of structurally complex and highly oxygenated degraded triterpenes. They are divided into five groups according to their basic skeleton, C-18, C-19, C-20, C-22 and C-25. In recent years, attention has been focused on quassinoids because several of them have shown promising biological activities. This paper features a review of some characteristics of these compounds, updating known information with discoveries from the last decade and covering chemical structures, basic skeletons, occurrence in genus and species, besides detailed studies of biological activities such as antitumor, antimalarial, phytotoxic, antifeedant, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer.

La población infantil de Barcelona (1898-1961): una evaluación de su estado nutricional a partir de estadísticas antropométricas

En los ejercicios de evaluación de la denominada “penalización urbana”, la mortalidad infantil y juvenil suele ser uno o de los indicadores más habituales. Disponer de indicadores relativos a sus condiciones de salud es más difícil. Una opción son los datos antropométricos. Este tipo de información abunda para las poblaciones adultas –especialmente las masculinas enroladas en los ejércitos- pero es más escasa para las infantiles. El propósito de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento de las condiciones de salud de este grupo de la población barcelonesa durante algo más de la primera mitad del siglo XX, a partir del estudio de un conjunto de 9 estadísticas antropométricas publicadas entre 1900 y 1961. A través de una reconstrucción estadística, mediante el empleo de las Tablas de Crecimiento de la población infantil española elaboradas por M. Hernández, E Sánchez y B.Sobradillo en 1995, se han estandarizado las tallas y comparado los Indices de Masa Corporal calculados a partir de las medidas publicadas. Los principales resultados son: a) La presencia de diferentes pautas en las trayectorias seculares de crecimiento de niños y niñas. El crecimiento de las tallas entre los niños fue de 1,09 cm por decenio entre 1898 y 1945 y de 1,40 entre 1945 y 1961. Mientras que en el caso de las niñas entre 1898 y 1945 fue de 0,14 cm por decenio para aumentar a 2,18 entre 1945 y 1981. b) Las diferencias sociales en los indicadores antropométricos persisten a lo largo del periodo estudiado c) Los porcentajes de población infantil con probable malnutrición se situaron en torno al 24 por ciento para las generaciones nacidas entre 1885 y 1940, para ir descendiendo de forma irreversible en las nacidas a partir de 1950. De este modo en la década años setenta del siglo XX no parece existir evidencia de tal estado en la población infantil barcelonesa.