Account of the Salmo otsego or the Otsego basse : in a letter to John W. Francis, M.D. ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Charles W. Eliot, president of Harvard University (May 19, 1869-May 19, 1909)

"This essay was originally written for the Deutsche rundschau of Berlin." - Note.

Postcard photo: Detroit Naturalist Club in A.W. Andrews' home, ca. 1909

seated l to r: Bryant Walker, Frederick Lowe, W.S. MacAlpine; Standing l to r: A.W. Andrews, Percy A. Tavernor, W.W. Newcomb

In Vivo Evaluation of the Photoprotective Efficacy of O-1/W/O-2 Multiple Emulsions with Andiroba Oil (Carapa guianensis)

Stable multiple emulsions containing andiroba oil and sunscreen have been formulated. These were prepared using the two-step procedure. The formulations were characterized and their stability over the time was evaluated by centrifugation, macroscopic, and microscopic analyses, and rheological measurements. The photoprotective efficacy of the O/W and O1/W/O2 containing or not andiroba oil was evaluated by in vivo sun protection factor determination according to the FDA method. The formulations exhibited good stability during 30 days after preparation at different temperatures. These presented pseudoplastic flow behaviour and thixotropy. The increase of in vivo SPF value was not observed when andiroba oil was incorporated into emulsions containing ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate. These multiple emulsions can be utilized as an interesting topical vehicle.

Attainment of O/W emulsions containing liquid crystal from annatto oil (Bixa orellana), coffee oil, and tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) as oily phase using HLB system and ternary phase diagram

Emulsions containing liquid crystals present interesting properties and advantages such as the skin moisturize increase, active release modulation, and emulsion stabilization. In this work, emulsions containing annatto, coffee and tea tree oils, and nonionic surfactants were developed. The HLB method was used for selection of surfactants. The required HLB value was established (9.0). Liquid crystals were attained when used the surfactant mixture Ceteareth-5 and Steareth-2 and identified as lamellar. The emulsions showed pseudoplastic behavior and tixotropy. The ternary diagram was useful in the selection of the proportion of surfactant and oily phase considering skin compatibility and liquid crystal presence.

W/O/W multiple emulsions obtained by one-step emulsification method and evaluation of the involved variables

The effects of some composition variables on the development of multiple emulsions by one-step method were evaluated and their morphology characterized. The formulations that remained stable during the period of the test were submitted to centrifugation and thermal stress tests. The stability and the morphology of multiple droplets were affected not only by the type and concentration of the surfactants employed, but also by the water/oil ratios used. The results suggest that the formation of multiple droplets could involve a combination of transitional and catastrophic phase inversions. The results provide improved knowledge about the one-step emulsification method, a simplified process to prepare multiple emulsions when compared to the two-steps method.

O/W Nanoemulsion After 15 Years of Preparation: A Suitable Vehicle for Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Applications

The application of nanoemulsions is due to have good stability, uniform spreading and enhance active penetration upon skin. Nanometer emulsions can be obtained by low-energy emulsification method. The required hydrophilic and lipophilic balance indicates the better balance of emulsifier for optimum system emulsification. Emulsion stability is evidently controlled for the properties of the adsorbed layer formed in the surface of its globules, know as potential zeta. The aim of this work was to evaluate the oil/water nanoemulsion of formulation obtained after 15 years of preparation. The results suggested that the nanoemulsion have performed stability for many years.

Ação "in vitro" do Ivermectin sobre ovos de Lagochilascaris Minor leiper, 1909

Ovos uterinos de fêmeas L. minor, obtidos por eliminação espontânea de abscessos cervicais da paciente W. M. R. (Pequizeiro-GO) - foram postos em contato com solução de Ivermectin nas concentrações de 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 microgramas. Os resultados demonstraram que a droga em todas as concentrações utilizadas não impediu o desenvolvimento larvário. Entretanto, decorrida a embriogênese houve um processo de desvitalização da larva no interior do ovo caracterizado pela liberação de uma massa amorfa a partir do ovo embrionado. Em ovos do grupo controle houve eclosão de uma larva íntegra com todas as características estruturais de larva de Lagochilascaris.

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Insecta. Coleoptera. v. 4. pt. 4. Rhynchophora: Curculionidae by G.C. Champion (1902-1909).

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Insecta. Coleoptera. v. 4. pt. 5. Rhynchophora: Curculionidae (cont.) by G.C. Champion (1902-1909).

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Insecta. Coleoptera. v. 4. pt. 7. Rhychophora: Curculionidae by G.C. Champion (1909-1910).

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

v. 2, pt. 1 Insecta. Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Homoptera. Membracidæ, Cercopidæ, Tettigoniidæ, Gyponidæ

Biologia Centrali-Americana :zoology, botany and archaeology /edited by Frederick Ducane Godman and Osbert Salvin.

Insecta. Orthoptera. v. 2. (1900-1909) The Acridiidæ, Tettiginæ, Phasmidæ by Lawrence Bruner, Albert