A posição de Anselmo face ao uso do poder civil

O presente artigo constitui um estudo da posição de Anselmo face ao uso do poder civil (autoridade secular), especialmente no período que medeia a sua nomeação para arcebispo de Cantuária (1093) e a reconciliação com Henrique I (1105), com base em algumas das suas Cartas. Articulam-se três pontos: 1. Pressupostos histórico-jurídicos, i.e, a Reforma Clunicense (como exemplo de governo translocal, hierárquico e colectivo) e a Revolução Gregoriana (como momento de ruptura fundamental na continuidade histórica da Igreja). 2. Apreensão anselmiana da questão acerca da justificação do poder: Anselmo reitera constantemente a sua fidelidade à autoridade apostólica, mas também reconhece uma certa legitimidade fora do domínio eclesiástico. Na linha de Gregório VII, a distinção entre os dois poderes pressupõe a primazia do papado (querela das Investiduras); contudo, a polarização no poder espiritual encontra sobretudo as exigências da razão (sola ratione), não do fideísmo. Eis por que Sto. Anselmo não poderia ter uma visão negativa do saeculum. 3. Nexo entre teologia e política: a separação, a concorrência, a interacção, entre as jurisdições espiritual e secular constitui a verdadeira fonte de determinação de significado conferido por Anselmo ao poder civil. O artigo conclui com as implicações positivas da noção anselmiana de poder.

Estrutura societária e controle minoritário no Brasil Telecom: análise do poder exercido pelo Opportunity de 2003 a 2005

Desde meados dos anos 1990 o ambiente de negócios brasileiro tem passado por um relevante incremento na sofisticação da modelagem de estruturas societárias para grandes empreendimentos, um tipo de conhecimento que, porém, fica na maior parte restrito aos participantes desses empreendimentos e seus assessores jurídicos e financeiros. No caso da estruturação societária da Brasil Telecom, entretanto, foi possível ter acesso a todos os documentos e informações necessários ao estudo dessa estrutura, devido à enorme quantidade de litígios judiciais em que essa companhia esteve envolvida por quase dez anos, nos quais se pode obter a maior parte dos documentos analisados neste trabalho. Esse material é precioso, pois o caso da Brasil Telecom, conhecido como um dos maiores do direito societário brasileiro, tem uma peculiaridade muito importante: o grupo era gerido por um acionista minoritário, o grupo Opportunity, que exerceu poder de controle durante esses dez anos, apesar de sua diminuta participação societária e da forte oposição que sofreu dos acionistas majoritários por quase todo o tempo em que exerceu esse poder. O objetivo desse trabalho é revelar as técnicas jurídicas que permitiram o exercício desse poder, bem como buscar entender por que, apesar de tanta oposição dos demais acionistas e da enorme litigiosidade, anos transcorreram até que o Opportunity fosse definitivamente afastado da administração e do exercício do poder de controle da Brasil Telecom.

El poder civil.

Mode of access: Internet.

Descripción geográfica, política, militar, civil y religiosa del imperio Otomano : con una noticia relativa á su administración de justicia, á su política, á su hacienda, y á otros varios objetos, y la cronología histórica de los sultanes desde Otomán I, fundador del imperio, hasta Mohamud II, actualmente reinante /

Mode of access: Internet.

Historia militar y política del General Juan Prim, Marqués de los Castillejos, Marqués de los Castillejos ... enlazada con la particular de la guerra civil en Cataluña y con la de África /

Mode of access: Internet.

Informe sobre el Fuero Militar, en lo civil /

Mode of access: Internet.

Galería militar contemporánea : colección de biografías y retratos de los generales ... en los ejércitos liberal y carlista durante la última guerra civil : con una descripción de las campañas del Norte y Cataluña : obra original [basada en] diarios de operaciones y otros documentos...

Las h. de grab., litografías de paisajes y retratos.

El arquitecto practico, civil, militar y agrimensor : dividido en tres libros ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Cirugía forense, general y particular : dividida en quatro partes, que son, cirugía forense civil-política, militar, canónica y criminal ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

El arquitecto practico, civil, militar y agrimensor : dividido en tres libros ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Descripción geográfica, política, militar, civil y religiosa del imperio Otomano : con una noticia relativa á su administración de justicia, á su política, á su hacienda, y á otros varios objetos, y la cronología histórica de los sultanes desde Otomán I, fundador del imperio, hasta Mohamud II, actualmente reinante /

Mode of access: Internet.

Os acontecimentos dos dias 25 e 26 d'abril na cidade do Porto, e os Governadores Civil e Militar da mesma Cidade apresentados ao publico na correspondencia official dos mesmos governadores, para serem julgados pela opinião de todos os homens sensatos e imparciaes.

Mode of access: Internet.

A OAB no processo de transformação da sociedade brasileira: a seccional potiguar como espaço de redemocratização (1979-1988)

The period known as the Military Dictatorship (1964-1985) was a period of history marked by Brazil's control of state power by the Armed Forces together, this started with the Civil-Military Coup of April 1964. Was characterized as a time where political freedoms of expression and were placed in check by authoritarian and repressive measures taken by the military governments. The sectional potiguar of the Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB / RN), and the Federal Council of the institution, supported the establishment of this scam, but from the 1970s undertook measures that sought to corroborate the struggles around democracy the country, which has consolidated its image as a defender of democratic order. With the title inspired by the XII Meeting of OAB in October 1988, the research aims to analyze the participation of OAB / RN and its members within the Brazilian democratization. This analysis begins in 1979 with the participation of the entity in discussions Amnesty Policy to the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution, since the Constitution is the beginning of a full rule of law. We seek to understand the object as a space for democratization, combining the concepts of History, Memory and Politics. In the analyzes are guided theoretically by Jacques Le Goff, Pierre Nora, Maurice Halbwachs, Pierre Bourdieu and Hannah Arendt. Be rebuilt the period of democratic rule in the land potiguares birthing shares of OAB / RN, particularly in the following events: Amnesty Policy 1979, the mobilizations around the campaign of "Direct Now" and the 1988 Constitution We make use of legislation. minutes, papers and interviews built on Oral History.

Plano de desenvolvimento sustentável e articulação de políticas públicas: o controle de políticas ambientais pelo poder judiciário

The right to the preservation of a healthy environment is perceived as a Fundamental Right, inserted in the National Constitution and referring to present and future generations. The preservation of the environment is directly connected to the right to Health and Human Dignity and, therefore, must be treated as a personal right, unavailable, claiming for a positive response from the Brazilian State, through the development of related public policies, control of potentially harmful economic activities, with special focus on the principles of precaution and solidarity. The Brazilian judiciary must thus be attentive to the guardianship of the Fundamental Right. The judiciary control over the execution of public policies is based on obeying the principle of the separation, independence and harmony between the Powers, however it should never deviate from the constitutional obligation of caring for the effectivation of the rights and guarantees within the Magna Carta. In the balance between the principle of human dignity, from which springs the right to a healthy environment and the principle of separation of powers, the former should prevail, maintaining the latter to a core minimum.

As escolas polivalentes do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba (MG): sondagem vocacional no projeto desenvolvimentista civil-militar (1965–1976)

This study has as object eight state vocational schools located in Araguari, Araxá, Frutal, Ituiutaba, Monte Carmelo, Patos de Minas, Uberaba and Uberlândia, in Minas Gerais. The period analyzed comprises the years from 1965 to 1976, from the signature of the Agreement 512-11-610-042 beteween the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) and the American Agency for International Development (USAID), which started a series of other agreements, and actions ending up with the creation of the Expansion and Improvement of High Schools Program (Programa de Expansão e Melhoria do Ensino Médio - PREMEM) and, from this, the Vocational Schools. The upper limit of the study, 1976, was the year when these agreements, known as MEC/USAID agreements ceased. The Vocational Schools were characterized as vocation probing schools, directing the professional formation of the population in general, which would happen a posteriori, turning it shorter and more effective, since the labor market would demand, urgently, capable professionals for an expanding economy. The project of Vocational Schools had a national scope, and foresaw, for its unfolding, the complete substitution of State Schools for the new model, called “multi-curricula”. The theme Vocational schools was the object of my Master’s degree study, when I focused the State School Guiomar de Freitas Costa, in Uberlândia. That study raised questionings and concerns that resulted in the central problem of the thesis presented here: understanding the measure in which such schools integrated the country’s development project – mostly in the first half of the military rule – and to understand its structure, functionality and efficacyThe development of the study presented here, demanded the use of several sources: 1) specialized literature about the topics presented, i.e., the situation of national education in a temporal analysis, the political, economical and social context, research methodologies, the theory of human capital, vocational teaching, pedagogical trends and practices, agreements MEC-USAID and PREMEM; 2) national, state and county laws related to the discussion: laws of national education directives and basis, decrees and reports stating about the program of technical cooperation between Brazil and the United States of America, the Program of Expansion and Improvement of Teaching (PREMEM), formation of professors, establishment of Vocational Schools and educational planning; 3) documentation of school archives: books of minutes of Collegiate and of faculty and staff, registrar books with final scores, enrolment, visits of inspector, accounting books, punch clock records, student, professor and staff occurrences, inventory, class schedules, school year calendar, school rules, class reports, payment rolls, bills of sales, exchanged mail, personal documentation of professional personnel, documents of land acquisition, blueprints, manuals of PREMEM, didactic materials/resources used in classes, books available in the school library, structured evaluations for follow-up of school processes, pictures of events, texts prepared for special dates, and news from the official newspaper and, finally, 4) national and local press reports, especially from Folha de São Paulo, Correio de Araxá, Correio de Uberlândia and Lavoura e Comércio (Uberaba). The proposition of Vocational schools was conciliate theoretical and practical formation through an active education permeated by technological resources. The contact with knowledge and several practical activities under professional supervision, the student would identify the knowledge area that would interest him the most and his aptitude. This formation in primary school would make way for the vocation studies in high school, which became mandatory by the law 5.692/71, that reformed school education from the previous levels of elementary, middle high and high school. However, the multi-curricula proposal that would be spread to the other public schools in the country ended up succumbing to the model already established. From its ephemeral existence, maybe the Vocational Schools have not reached the more general goals in political, economic and social aspects; however, this study demonstrated that, for the people that, directly or indirectly, had contact with such schools, a legacy of vocational and quality teaching was made, so much so, that forty years after the end of that proposal, they are still remembered.