937 resultados para Conteúdos disciplinares essenciais


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Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e quantificar os constituintes dos óleos essenciais de Illicum verum, Ageratum conyzoides, Piper hispidinervum e Ocotea odorifera, bem como avaliar a toxicidade para o pulgão-verde Schizaphis graminum. A qualificação dos constituintes foi realizada por meio de um cromatógrafo gasoso + espectrômetro de massas, e a quantificação, por um cromatógrafo gasoso + detector de ionização de chama, ambos com uma coluna DB5. O método de hidrodestilação promoveu um rendimento (p/p) de 3,81% para I. verum, 0,46% para A. conyzoides, 2,85% para P. hispidinervum e 0,68% para O. odorífera. Já os componentes majoritários foram: precoceno (87,0%) e (E)-cariofileno (7,1%) para A. conyzoides; (E)-anetol (90,4%), limoneno (2,6%) e metil-chavicol (1,3%) para I. verum; metil-eugenol (81,2%) e safrol (10,6%) para Ocotea odorífera; e safrol (82,5%) e α-terpinoleno (13,4%) para P. hispidinervum. Pelos testes de toxicidade aguda (24 horas) com folhas de sorgo ou papel-filtro contaminados, verificou-se que o óleo de A. conyzoides foi o mais tóxico para o pulgão, com CL50 de 7,13 e 7,08 µL óleo/cm2 respectivamente, seguido por O. odorifera com CL50 de 11,80 e 103,00 µL óleo/cm2 respectivamente; I. verum de 51,80 µL óleo/cm2 em ambos os substratos; e o menos tóxico foi o óleo essencial de P. hispidinervum, com CL50 de 62,50 e 143,00 µL óleo/cm2, respectivamente. Dessa maneira, sugere-se que o uso dos óleos essenciais pode representar uma nova ferramenta em programas de manejo integrado de pragas.

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Os sanitizantes químicos tradicionais utilizados na indústria de alimentos apresentam, como desvantagem, o possível desenvolvimento de resistência e adaptação bacteriana, interferindo na eficiência bactericida mínima destes produtos. Os óleos essenciais com atividade antimicrobiana despertam grande interesse na indústria de alimentos, pela possível utilização como princípios ativos de sanitizantes. Esta pesquisa objetivou determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) dos óleos essenciais (OEs) de cravo-da-índia e canela contra bactérias Gram positivas (Staphylococcus aureus e Listeriamono cytogenes) e Gram negativas (Escherichia coli e Salmonella sp.) e compará-la com a CIM do hipoclorito de sódio, além de determinar a concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) dos OEs para L. monocytogenes. Foi utilizado o método da microdiluição e os OEs foram caracterizados, quimicamente, por cromatografia gasosa - espectrometria de massa. Os componentes principais dos OEs de canela e cravo-da-índia foram o cinamaldeído (67,58%) e o eugenol (77,58%), respectivamente. A CIM do OE de canela foi de 0,04%, para as bactérias Gram positivas, e < 0,02%, para a bactérias Gram negativas. O OE de cravo-da-índia teve CIM de 0,04% para Salmonella sp., 0,06% para E. coli e S. aureus e 0,08% para L. monocytogenes. Para todas as bactérias testadas, a CIM do hipoclorito de sódio foi > 0,2%. A CBM para L. monocytogenes, no OE de cravo-da-índia, foi de 0,18% e o OE de canela destacou-se por apresentar CBM < 0,02%, demonstrando a possibilidade do uso destes OEs, principalmente o de canela, como princípios ativos de sanitizantes.

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The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a tropical oilseed species, and the oil extracted from its seeds is one of the most versatile oils in the nature, showing various industrial uses. Even though it is a rustic species, the castor bean is subjected to several diseases such as the gray mold, caused by the fungus Amphobotrys ricini. Genetic breeding would be the best alternative for the disease control, but a long time is required to obtain resistant cultivars. Thus, the use of control strategies based on chemical, alternative or biological methods shows viable in the short term. The aim of this study was to investigate gray mold control efficiency, in castor bean crop, using chemical, alternative and biological methods. The pathogen control efficiency was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using fungicides, essential oils and biological control agents. As regards the in vitro inhibition of the pathogen mycelial growth, the best treatments with essential oils were those based on C. martini and C. zeylanicum at all five tested concentrations. For both oils, the average diameter of colonies was 0.7 cm against 4.79 cm for the control treatment. For the fungicides, at all four tested levels, the most efficient active ingredients were methyl tiophanate, carbendazim, tebuconazole and iprodione. The ED50 of these fungicides was <1uL/L, yielding 100% mycelial growth inhibition at all concentrations. As to the inhibition of A. ricini conidium germination, the fungicides tebuconazole and chlorotanolyl were the best at all tested concentrations, and the average of germinated conidia with these fungicides was 0.0 and 0.15%, respectively, against 100% for the control treatment. In the field, treatment with the fungicide iprodione was the best for the disease control when compared to biological and alternative treatments. Under field conditions, the average disease severity for the treatment with iprodione was 15.76% against 95.81% for the inoculated control.

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Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This study aimed to investigate the structural content of an essential stimulation program at one APAE from Parana State. his institution has been working for 43 years and it has 420 students enrolled. It was a documentary analysis of the pedagogical project of this institution, whose collection started after the approval of a local ethics committee, held with a previously developed protocol for this purpose. After the content analysis, it was possible to establish three categories related to this program operation, the conception of development present in it and place illed by language and by inclusion. he results indicated that, in order to be enrolled, children must present prenatal, neonatal and postnatal antecedents that entail problems of intellectual, motor, sensorial and language nature. he program is considered as a stage in early childhood education, but the language is not a structural content of this phase. It is a subarea of the development to be crafted with interventions directed to motor aspects of speech, breathing and communication. Finally, the concept of child development is complemented with other areas, also disjointed: sensory-perceptive; self-care; motor and social-emotional. We conclude that, although it is presented as an educational stage, in the essential stimulation of the analyzed institution, a clinical-specialized character predominates, consistent with the conceptions of development present in the document, but not with advances in relation to the concept of human development in the context of Inclusive Education and diversity.

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This article aims to discuss the importance of the interaction process between the child and teachers, that occurs in the context of the development of the teaching and learning processes of the school subjects, as to permit the constitution of the meanings and senses essential to his formation, aiming the development of his capacities, abilities, skills, aptitudes and values that are indispensable to hers process of humanization. The processes developed in that context implicates, essentially, an adequate selection of social meanings relevant to the development of the human senses in the students; an organization of study activities that cause them a motif to work on them; and such a situation of interaction between the teacher and the students and among the students that permit emotional experiences good to the integration of the students in the study activities.

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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

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Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

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The benefits of proper nutrition and analgesia are closely linked when it comes to animals that are suffering from any illness and are hospitalized. In patients who are ill or under the stress of hospitalization, increase secretion of glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol and growth hormone antagonize the effects of insulin, leading to hyperglycemia and degradation of tissue proteins to provide substrate for gluconeogenesis. These changes result in loss of lean body mass, reflecting negatively on tissue repair processes, immune response and prognosis. Likewise, the pain induced by noxious stimulation can lead to protein catabolism, stress, immunosupression, delayed wound healing and acceleration of disease processes. This review confirms the nutrition and pain control importance in hospitalized patients, showing their physiological benefits and reduction in hospital stay when the clinician understands these benefits and the animals are treated with such care

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