Paper-like electronic displays: Large-area rubber-stamped plastic sheets of electronics and microencapsulated electrophoretic inks

Electronic systems that use rugged lightweight plastics potentially offer attractive characteristics (low-cost processing, mechanical flexibility, large area coverage, etc.) that are not easily achieved with established silicon technologies. This paper summarizes work that demonstrates many of these characteristics in a realistic system: organic active matrix backplane circuits (256 transistors) for large (≈5 × 5-inch) mechanically flexible sheets of electronic paper, an emerging type of display. The success of this effort relies on new or improved processing techniques and materials for plastic electronics, including methods for (i) rubber stamping (microcontact printing) high-resolution (≈1 μm) circuits with low levels of defects and good registration over large areas, (ii) achieving low leakage with thin dielectrics deposited onto surfaces with relief, (iii) constructing high-performance organic transistors with bottom contact geometries, (iv) encapsulating these transistors, (v) depositing, in a repeatable way, organic semiconductors with uniform electrical characteristics over large areas, and (vi) low-temperature (≈100°C) annealing to increase the on/off ratios of the transistors and to improve the uniformity of their characteristics. The sophistication and flexibility of the patterning procedures, high level of integration on plastic substrates, large area coverage, and good performance of the transistors are all important features of this work. We successfully integrate these circuits with microencapsulated electrophoretic “inks” to form sheets of electronic paper.

The Effects of Climate Change on Algae in the Denver Metro Area's Drinking Water Reservoirs

Six Denver metro water reservoirs were sampled to see what types of algae were found, and what impact the algae would have on drinking water reservoirs in the event of a bloom caused by warming water temperatures. Each sample contained algae. Toxic cyanobacteria, filamentous green algae, and different species of diatoms were found in the samples. Current climate change models show the temperature along the Front Range is rising and will continue to rise. With an increase in climate change and an increase in population, humans and animals will be at a greater risk of ingesting or coming into contact with toxic algae.

Reverse Geometry Hybrid Contact Lens Fitting in a Case of Donor-Host Misalignment after Keratoplasty

Purpose: To report the successful outcome obtained after fitting a new hybrid contact lens in a cornea with an area of donor-host misalignment and significant levels of irregular astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Materials and methods: A 41-year-old female with bilateral asymmetric keratoconus underwent PKP in her left eye due to the advanced status of the disease. One year after surgery, the patient referred a poor visual acuity and quality in this eye. The fitting of different types of rigid gas permeable contact lenses was performed, but with an unsuccessful outcome due to contact lens stability problems and uncomfortable wear. Scheimpflug imaging evaluation revealed that a donor-host misalignment was present at the nasal area. Contact lens fitting with a reverse geometry hybrid contact lens (Clearkone, SynergEyes Carlsbad) was then fitted. Visual, refractive, and ocular aberrometric outcomes were evaluated during a 1-year period after the fitting. Results: Uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from a prefitting value of 20/200 to a best corrected postfitting value of 20/20. Prefitting manifest refraction was +5.00 sphere and -5.50 cylinder at 75°, with a corrected distance visual acuity of 20/30. Higher order root mean square (RMS) for a 5 mm pupil changed from a prefitting value of 6.83 µm to a postfitting value of 1.57 µm (5 mm pupil). The contact lens wearing was referred as comfortable, with no anterior segment alterations. Conclusion: The SynergEyes Clearkone contact lens seems to be another potentially useful option for the visual rehabilitation after PKP, especially in cases of donor-host misalignment.

1966 UM football players from Chicago area

back row L-R: Royce Spencer, Robert Baumgartner, Robert Kieta, Robert Mielke, David Fisher, Ray Phillips. front row L-R: John Lynch, Gerald Miklos, Ernest Sharpe, Richard Yanz,

Detail of stable area in pencil

Pencil on linen. Location of vegetation and buildings west of vegetable garden; some types and amounts of trees to be planted. No scale. 107 cm. x 33 cm. No scale. [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Planting plan for the playground area. Columbus Park; Chicago, Illinois

Ink on linen. Location, type of plantings, pools, footpaths, football field; notes. Signed. 172 cm. x 58 cm. Scale: 1"=20' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

A planting plan of the garden area. Estate of Mr. Edsel B. Ford; Gaukler Pointe, Michigan

Ink on linen; location, type of plantings; at lower right, "Sheet-p-6" unsigned. 133 x 63 cm. Scale: 1"=20' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

A revised planting plan for the area around the pond. Estate of Mr. H.C. Dudley . Duluth, Minnesota.

Ink on linen; with location, type of plantings; unsigned. 64x35 cm. Scale: 1"=20' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

A planting plan for the garden area. Estate of W.V. Kelley

Ink on linen; location, type of plantings; notes; pool, footpaths, council ring, gardens; residence by Howard Shaw; signed; 103 x 81 cm; Scale: 1" = 20' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]