944 resultados para Cobertura do solo


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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No presente trabalho foram avaliados alguns elementos micrometeorológicos e o conforto térmico na cidade de Belém, juntamente com uma análise das questões da segregação social deste espaço urbano, contribuindo com as pesquisas de climatologia urbana em regiões tropicais que possuem uma especificidade climática, com um forte efeito da sazonalidade durante o ano. Foram empregados na pesquisa informações micrometeorológicas obtidas através de estações meteorológicas e microloggers distribuídos pela cidade, questionários, informações de cobertura do solo oriundas de imagens de satélite e as tipologias sociais por meio de levantamento bibliográfico. As informações quantitativas foram analisadas através de interpolações e correlações numéricas e relacionadas de forma qualitativa às informações adquiridas em campo. Os resultados mostraram que as áreas menos confortáveis termicamente foram as que possuíam menor cobertura vegetal e maior quantidade de áreas edificadas e pavimentadas, enquanto que as áreas mais confortáveis foram as que apresentaram características contrárias a anterior. Não foi detectada a existência de um padrão bem definido entre as tipologias socioespaciais das habitações com as condições de conforto. Foi encontrada uma ilha de calor de baixa intensidade sobre a cidade, assim como uma forte sazonalidade da precipitação pluvial, da temperatura do ar e da umidade relativa do ar. Na cidade de Belém, grande parte do período diurno foi desconfortável termicamente, e a intensidade desse desconforto variou de acordo com as características de uso e ocupação do solo urbano.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The cutting of plant residue in no-tillage systems under certain environmental conditions becomes necessary to adequately establish and grow crops. This study aims to assess the effect on the yield of different methods of managing millet plant residue in cotton plantations. The study was conducted during the agricultural years 2006/07 and 2007/08, and the treatments included no-mechanical-treatment tillage and the use of a rotary shredder, crimper-roller, and mechanical disintegrator for millet plants before sowing the cotton. Evaluations were performed for the residue fragmentation, emergence speed, percent of soil cover during the cycle and yield of the cotton crop. The emergence speed was faster in the management with the rotary shredder. In 2006/07, the no-tillage treatment showed a rate of loss for soil cover that was 46 percent greater than the disintegrator treatment. The rotary shredder and the disintegrator yielded greater soil coverage during the cultivation cycle, and the yield was highly correlated with the soil cover at 75 days after emergence. The management of the millet residue affected the cotton plants for the two-year study period.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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In São Paulo state, deforestation and agriculture activities are increasing soil losses processes, especially in areas of susceptible soils where properties not adopt soil conservation practices. Environmental adequacy at property level regarding Permanent Protection Areas and Legal Reserves is considered a factor on reducing soil losses and considering that we assessed soil losses of different scenario of environmental adequacy. Simulations of erosive process were carried out in 15 catchments of Corumbataí river basin, according to different forest restoration scenarios, as well as the current situation of land use/land cover. The scenarios include the implementation of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), the reforestation of variable source areas, and two scenarios, the Legal Reserve installation in 20% of each catchment, being one of them for most critical areas in terms of erosion and the other at random. It was observed that the establishment of PPA and the reforestation of hydrologically sensitive areas, offered only a small contribution to the control of the erosive process, resulting in a reduction of 10% and 7,8%, respectively, while the legal reserve in critical areas has a significant reduction of 69,8%. The random scenario, in turn, resulted in a reduction of only 21,4%. Results show that reforestation could reduce soil losses, but previous studies of land prioritization and planning could increase significantly its efficiency at this process.

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The concern with the environmental planning has become important in Brazil recently. Until then, nature was conceived as a resource, because of the implementation of developmental policies that perdured to the 1970s, based on the expansion of the industrial complex, altogether hadn´t preoccupation by the federal government with the relationship between society and nature. During this period, after the threat of not receiving more international investment to finance large projects in the country, accompanied by pressure from civil society organizations, the federal government began to take some action related to the environment, such as the creation of federal agencies (IBAMA), application of environmental laws and decrees in order to create rules for the proper use of natural resources such as water, soil and air. From the decade of 1990 onwards the master plans have become a mandatory document for all municipalities in the country with a population over 20,000 inhabitants, ranging from health issues to the development of urban, rural and environmental planning. Thus, the environmental planning gained prominence in the political scene. Therefore, to achieve environmental planning is necessary to follow some social and environmental parameters, which for this survey, conducted in the District of Ameliópolis – Presidente Prudente... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV