967 resultados para Cidadania - 1930-1945
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(Excerto) A terceira edição do Congresso sobre Literacia, Media e Cidadania (LMC) teve lugar nos dias 17 e 18 de abril de 2015, em Lisboa, no Pavilhão do Conhecimento. Organizado pelo GILM – Grupo Informal sobre Literacia para os Media, o evento, que contou com a participação de cerca de 250 profissionais, teve como eixo central a temática “Literacia Mediática e Leituras Críticas do Mundo”. Durante dois dias de trabalho, procurou-se pro-mover uma reflexão crítica sobre a atualidade e o mundo, e o modo como os media a representam, com o objetivo de aprender a olhar e a ler criticamente os ecrãs e as mensagens e textos que produzem, o modo como os cidadãos os usam, como se apropriam deles e como produzem e partilham informação. Estes e outros tópicos relacionados foram apresentados e debatidos em 4 sessões plenárias, 16 sessões de comunicações livres e 4 workshops, acompanhados de uma mostra de projetos, produtos e serviços patentes no átrio do Pavilhão.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Direitos Humanos
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Projeto de mestrado em Políticas Comunitárias e Cooperação Territorial
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[Excerto] Este livro de atas reúne um conjunto de comunicações apresentadas no 1º Congresso de Literacia, Média, Cidadania, realizado na Universidade do Minho, em 2011.
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No campo mediático existe uma tendência para difundir representações enviesadas de homens e mulheres, quer como indivíduos (com todas as suas subjectividades inerentes), quer enquanto colectivo. Neste sentido, o projecto O género em foco: representações sociais nas revistas portuguesas de informação generalista surge da constatação de uma lacuna na investigação relativamente à análise e compreensão das representações de género que permeiam os conteúdos e linhas editoriais dos órgãos jornalísticos em Portugal. A persistência de representações genderizadas ao nível da produção de conteúdos mediáticos que, embora não totalmente desvinculadas do ‘real’, tendem a ser apropriadas de forma selectiva, (re)produzem uma visão hegemónica e androcêntrica, a qual coloca em causa uma cidadania inclusiva, activa e, portanto, plena. Na medida em que estas representações veiculadas se distanciam da legislação internacional e portuguesa na matéria, desenvolvemos este projecto incidindo fundamentalmente em dois eixos de análise – 1) produtos e produtoras/es mediáticos; 2) receptoras/es dos media (foco nas/os jovens) – entendidos não como dimensões estáticas mas em estreita conexão, ainda que possam sugerir leituras independentes. Para tal, seleccionámos as duas revistas deste segmento mais lidas actualmente em Portugal - Visão e Sábado. Entendemos que o cruzamento destas dimensões é fundamental para percebermos o que se produz, de que forma é que os discursos são construídos e como é que são percebidos pelas cidadãs e pelos cidadãos numa sociedade que se caracteriza pela busca constante de informação. Assumimos neste projecto uma forte vertente de investigação-acção, a qual será, em última instância, materializada num guia de boas práticas jornalísticas que contemplará uma perspectiva de género. Este visa fomentar uma maior e melhor interacção entre os diversos membros da sociedade da informação, contribuindo decisivamente para a literacia mediática, tendo esta como objectivo a consecução de uma cidadania mais abrangente e plural que seja garante da democracia.
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Cidadania digital. Ativismo na net. Redes de cidadãos: Projeto 1: Interesses dos cidadãos e redes sociais. Movimentos sociais: Projeto 2: Movimentos sociais na rede; Mobilizaçao online: Manuel Castells. Ação política online. Media táticos (tactical media); Reflexão sobre os media táticos: Geert Lovink. Táticas dos media táticos. Ação direta virtual de massa (Mass Virtual Direct Action – MVDA). Desobediência civil eletrónica (Electronic Civil Desobedience - ECD). Guerras da (des)informação (Infowar).
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"Colecção: Comunicação e sociedade - 12"
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En esta investigación nos abocaremos a la comprensión de la estructura y la dinámica del mercado de trabajo de la ciudad de Córdoba y al estudio de las condiciones laborales y de vida material de los trabajadores de la misma en el período 1914-1930, tratando de aprehender el "evasivo nexo" que vincula la experiencia de los individuos y las grandes estructuras y los amplios procesos registrados en una época, es decir, definir la interacción de las condiciones estructurales y las transformaciones mayores -económicas, políticas, mentales, ideológicas, etc.- en el contexto inmediato de la vida cotidiana de la gente común. (...) Hipótesis general En el transcurso del período considerado la economía cordobesa experimentó -aún con altibajos- un crecimiento económico importante pero sólo un limitado proceso de desarrollo social desde la perspectiva de la experiencia de los trabajadores en el campo laboral y del consumo de bienes materiales. Objetivos Generales: Con esta investigación pretendemos lograr un avance en el estudio de los trabajadores cordobeses en sus circunstancias cotidianas de la vida, apuntando en última instancia a la aprehensión de las conexiones existentes entre las grandes estructuras y los amplios procesos del período con la vida diaria de la gente común, es decir, la experiencia de ésta, considerando que no existe una confrontación entre las grandes permanencias y transformaciones y los actores sociales, sino que éstas y éstos forman parte de una misma realidad cuyos elementos interaccionan entre sí constantemente y de un modo complejo. Objetivos específicos: * Revelar la estructura y la dinámica del mercado laboral capitalino. * Abordar el estudio de los trabajadores en la ciudad de Córdoba como sujeto histórico. * Analizar las distintas modalidades de intervención del gobierno provincial en el mercado de trabajo. * Reconstruir la variedad de formas a través de las cuales los trabajadores dieron satisfacción a sus necesidades dietéticas, tratando de poner en evidencia la trama de factores económicos, sociales y culturales que subyacen a la realidad del consumo de alimentos.
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Este proyecto de investigación es interdisciplinar -implica a Filosofía y Ciencia Política- y responde al Área Problema “Marginalidad, Discriminación y Derechos Humanos” definido como estratégica por la UCC. Se articula en torno a la compleja noción de “subjetivaciones políticas”, que en diferentes regiones de Nuestra América se están produciendo en las prácticas y pensamientos. Dichos procesos refieren a sujetos plurales que, padeciendo algún tipo de subordinación etnoracial-sexista-clasista, se han convertido en actores de transformación histórica durante las últimas décadas. Estos procesos provienen de una historia larga de conflictos irresueltos por los diversos Estado-nación, constituidos en nuestro proceso de modernidad-colonialidad. Los sujetos políticos se reconstituyen desde diversas “identidades” históricas. Tal es el caso de los pueblos indígenas y, en particular, los proceso de subjetivación de las mujeres indígenas, que demandan repensar los procesos de democratización de los Estados nacionales de nuestra región. El objetivo principal del proyecto es investigar los procesos de construcción de subjetividades políticas indígenas en el marco de las políticas de ciudadanización-desindigenización-reindigenización, como parte de los procesos democratizadores impulsados por los Estados argentino y boliviano, entre 1945 y 1994, a partir de las prácticas y pensamientos de algunas organizaciones indígenas e indígenas letrados de la región andina de ambos países, para contribuir a la apertura de epistemologías emergentes indígenas-feministas en el seno del pensamiento crítico latinoamericano. Para ello, nos proponemos: 1) indagar los modos autonomistas o integracionistas de las subjetivaciones políticas en dos organizaciones indígenas de las décadas del sesenta y setenta: el Partido Indio de Bolivia y la Federación Indígena de la República Argentina; 2) reconstruir las redes ideológicas en la región andina establecidas a partir de dos referentes indígenas influyentes en las prácticas y pensamientos indígenas de la primera mitad del siglo XX, que son Fausto Reinaga (Bolivia) y Eulogio Frites (Argentina) y 3) comparar los casos analizados de Bolivia y Argentina para elaborar una interpretación crítica de los fenómenos estudiados reelaborando matrices conceptuales contributivas a una epistemológica superadora de la colonialidad y del patriarcalismo.
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Flight and displacement, Research about displaced people, Displaced people in Saxony- Anhalt and in the district of Salzwedel, Arrival and reception, Integration into social life, Administrative activities, Housing, Integration into the labour market, Social welfare activities
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The study of pod corn seems still of much importance from different points of view. The phylogenetical importance of the tunicate factor as a wild type relic gene has been recently discussed in much detail by MANGELSDORF and REEVES (1939), and by BRIEGER (1943, 1944a e b). Selection experiments have shown that the pleiotropic effect of the Tu factor can be modified very extensively (BRIEGER 1944a) and some of the forms thus obtained permitt comparison of male and female inflorescences in corn and related grasses. A detailed discussion of the botanical aspect shall be given shortly. The genetic apect, finally, is the subject of the present publication. Pod corn has been obtained twice: São Paulo Pod Corn and Bolivia Pod Corn. The former came from one half ear left in our laboratory by a student and belongs to the type of corn cultivated in the State of São Paulo, while the other belongs to the Andean group, and has been received both through Dr. CARDENAS, President of the University at Cochabamba, Bolivia, and through Dr. H. C. CUTLER, Harvard University, who collected material in the Andes. The results of the studies may be summarized as follows: 1) In both cases, pod corn is characterized by the presence of a dominant Tu factor, localized in the fourth chromosome and linked with sul. The crossover value differs somewhat from the mean value of 29% given by EMERSON, BEADLE and FRAZER (1935) and was 25% in 1217 plants for São Paulo Pod Corn and 36,5% in 345 plants for Bolivia Pod Corn. However not much importance should be attributed to the quantitative differences. 2) Segregation was completely normal in Bolivia Pod Corn while São Paulo Pod Corn proved to be heterozygous for a new com uma eliminação forte, funcionam apenas 8% em vez de 50%. Existem cerca de 30% de "jcrossing-over entre o gen doce (Su/su) e o fator gametofítico; è cerca de 5% entre o gen Tu e o fator gametofítico. A ordem dos gens no cromosômio IV é: Ga4 - Tu - Sul. 3) Using BRIEGER'S formulas (1930, 1937a, 1937b) the following determinations were made. a) the elimination of ga4 pollen tubes may be strong or weak. In the former case only about 8% and in the latter 37% of ga4 pollen tubes function, instead of the 50% expected in normal heterozygotes. b) There is about 30,4% crossing-over between sul and ga4 and 5,3% between Tu and ga3, the order of the factors beeing Su 1 - Tu - Ga4. 4) The new gametophyte factor differs from the two others factors in the same chromosome, causing competition between pollen tubes. The factor Gal, ocupies another locus, considerably to the left of Sul (EMERSON, BEADLE AND FRAZSER, 1935). The gen spl ocupies another locus and causes a difference of the size of the pollen grains, besides an elimination of pollen tubes, while no such differences were observed in the case of the new factor Ga4. 5) It may be mentioned, without entering into a detailed discussion, that it seems remarquable that three of the few gametophyte factors, so far studied in detail are localized in chromosome four. Actuality there are a few more known (BRIEGER, TIDBURY AND TSENG 1938), but only one other has been localized so far, Ga2, in chromosome five between btl and prl. (BRIEGER, 1935). 6) The fourth chromosome of corn seems to contain other pecularities still. MANGELSDORF AND REEVES (1939) concluded that it carries two translocations from Tripsacum chromosomes, and BRIEGER (1944b) suggested that the tu allel may have been introduced from a tripsacoid ancestor in substitution of the wild type gene Tu at the beginning of domestication. Serious disturbances in the segregation of fourth chromosome factors have been observed (BRIEGER, unpublished) in the hybrids of Brazilian corn and Mexican teosinte, caused by gametophytic and possibly zygotic elimination. Future studies must show wether there is any relation between the frequency of factors, causing gametophyte elimination and the presence of regions of chromosomes, tranfered either from Tripsacum or a related species, by translocation or crossing-over.
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1) The first part deals with the different processes which may complicate Mendelian segregation and which may be classified into three groups, according to BRIEGER (1937b) : a) Instability of genes, b) Abnormal segregation due to distur- bances during the meiotic divisions, c) obscured segregation, after a perfectly normal meiosis, caused by elimination or during the gonophase (gametophyte in higher plants), or during zygophase (sporophyte). Without entering into detail, it is emphasized that all the above mentioned complications in the segregation of some genes may be caused by the action of other genes. Thus in maize, the instability of the Al factor is observed only when the gene dt is presente in the homozygous conditions (RHOADES 1938). In another case, still under observation in Piracicaba, an instability is observed in Mirabilis with regard to two pairs of alleles both controlling flower color. Several cases are known, especially in corn, where recessive genes, when homozigous, affect the course of meiosis, causing asynapsis (asyndesis) (BEADLE AND MC CLINTOCK 1928, BEADLE 1930), sticky chromosomes (BEADLE 1932), supermunmerary divisions (BEADLE 1931). The most extreme case of an obscured segregatiou is represented by the action of the S factors in self stetrile plants. An additional proof of EAST AND MANGELSDORF (1925) genetic formula of self sterility has been contributed by the studies on Jinked factors in Nicotina (BRIEGER AND MANGELSDORF (1926) and Antirrhinum (BRIEGER 1930, 1935), In cases of a incomplete competition and selection between pollen tubes, studies of linked indicator-genes are indispensable in the genetic analysis, since it is impossible to analyse the factors for gametophyte competition by direct aproach. 2) The flower structure of corn is explained, and stated that the particularites of floral biology make maize an excellent object for the study of gametophyte factors. Since only one pollen tube per ovule may accomplish fertilization, the competition is always extremely strong, as compared with other species possessing multi-ovulate ovaries. The lenght of the silk permitts the study of pollen tube competitions over a varying distance. Finally the genetic analysis of grains characters (endosperm and aleoron) simpliflen the experimental work considerably, by allowing the accumulation of large numbers for statistical treatment. 3) The four methods for analyzing the naturing of pollen tube competition are discussed, following BRIEGER (1930). Of these the first three are: a) polinization with a small number of pollen grains, b) polinization at different times and c) cut- ting the style after the faster tubes have passe dand before the slower tubes have reached the point where the stigma will be cut. d) The fourth method, alteration of the distatice over which competition takes place, has been applied largely in corn. The basic conceptions underlying this process, are illustrated in Fig. 3. While BRINK (1925) and MANGELSDORF (1929) applied pollen at different levels on the silks, the remaining authors (JONES, 1922, MANGELSDORF 1929, BRIEGER, at al. 1938) have used a different process. The pollen was applied as usual, after removing the main part of the silks, but the ears were divided transversally into halves or quarters before counting. The experiments showed generally an increase in the intensity of competition when there was increase of the distance over which they had to travel. Only MANGELSDORF found an interesting exception. When the distance became extreme, the initially slower tubes seemed to become finally the faster ones. 4) Methods of genetic and statistical analysis are discussed, following chiefly BRIEGER (1937a and 1937b). A formula is given to determine the intensity of ellimination in three point experiments. 5) The few facts are cited which give some indication about the physiological mechanism of gametophyte competition. They are four in number a) the growth rate depends-only on the action of gametophyte factors; b) there is an interaction between the conductive tissue of the stigma or style and the pollen tubes, mainly in self-sterile plants; c) after self-pollination necrosis starts in the tissue of the stigma, in some orchids after F. MÜLLER (1867); d) in pollon mixtures there is an inhibitory interaction between two types of pollen and the female tissue; Gossypium according to BALLS (1911), KEARNEY 1923, 1928, KEARNEY AND HARRISON (1924). A more complete discussion is found in BRIEGER 1930). 6) A list of the gametophyte factors so far localized in corn is given. CHROMOSOME IV Ga 1 : MANGELSDORF AND JONES (1925), EMERSON 1934). Ga 4 : BRIEGER (1945b). Sp 1 : MANGELSDORF (1931), SINGLETON AND MANGELSDORF (1940), BRIEGER (1945a). CHROMOSOME V Ga 2 : BRIEGER (1937a). CHROMOSOME VI BRIEGER, TIDBURY AND TSENG (1938) found indications of a gametophyte factor altering the segregation of yellow endosperm y1. CHROMOSOME IX Ga 3 : BRIEGER, TIDBURY AND TSENG (1938). While the competition in these six cases is essentially determined by one pair of factors, the degree of elimination may be variable, as shown for Ga2 (BRIEGER, 1937), for Ga4 (BRIEGER 1945a) and for Spl (SINGLETON AND MANGELSDORF 1940, BRIEGER 1945b). The action of a gametophyte factor altering the segregation of waxy (perhaps Ga3) is increased by the presence of the sul factor which thus acts as a modifier (BRINCK AND BURNHAM 1927). A polyfactorial case of gametophyte competition has been found by JONES (1922) and analysed by DEMEREC (1929) in rice pop corn which rejects the pollen tubes of other types of corn. Preference for selfing or for brothers-sister mating and partial elimination of other pollen tubes has been described by BRIEGER (1936). 7) HARLAND'S (1943) very ingenious idea is discussed to use pollen tube factors in applied genetics in order to build up an obstacle to natural crossing as a consequence of the rapid pollen tube growth after selfing. Unfortunately, HARLAND could not obtain the experimental proof of the praticability of his idea, during his experiments on selection for minor modifiers for pollen tube grouth in cotton. In maize it should be possible to employ gametophyte factors to build up lines with preference for crossing, though the method should hardly be of any practical advantage.