Proteome and phosphoproteome of Africanized and European honeybee venoms

Honey bee venom toxins trigger immunological, physiological, and neurological responses within victims. The high occurrence of bee attacks involving potentially fatal toxic and allergic reactions in humans and the prospect of developing novel pharmaceuticals make honey bee venom an attractive target for proteomic studies. Using label-free quantification, we compared the proteome and phosphoproteome of the venom of Africanized honeybees with that of two European subspecies, namely Apis mellifera ligustica and A. m. carnica. From the total of 51 proteins, 42 were common to all three subspecies. Remarkably, the toxins melittin and icarapin were phosphorylated. In all venoms, icarapin was phosphorylated at the 205Ser residue, which is located in close proximity to its known antigenic site. Melittin, the major toxin of honeybee venoms, was phosphorylated in all venoms at the 10Thr and 18Ser residues. 18Ser phosphorylated melittin-the major of its two phosphorylated forms-was less toxic compared to the native peptide. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Meeting the challenges of the FTAA: trade trends, export specialization patterns and regional integration in the Caribbean: including the case of the NICCs

Includes bibliography

Informe de la Reunión sobre Transformación Productiva e Integración de la Mujer en el Desarrollo = Report of the Meeting on Changing Production Patterns and the Integration of Women in Development

Contiene asistencia y organización de los trabajos de la reunión que tuvo como objetivo analizar la propuesta de la CEPAL sobre la transformación productiva con equidad y, a la luz de los conocimientos adquiridos en el Decenio de las Naciones Unidas para la Mujer, proponer formas de incorporar en la propuesta las dimensiones de género que lleven a un enriquecimiento de ésta.

Macroeconomics and regional integration: EMU and the stability programmes: some possible lessons for Latin America

Includes bibliography

Policy considerations toward allocation of resources and the integration of agricultural research into national development programmes

Analiza el rol del sector agricola en el desarrollo economico de la region, con especial referencia a Trinidad y Tabago, y presenta una serie de consideraciones en favor de la asignacion de recursos y de la integracion de la investigacion agricola en los programas de desarrollo nacional.

Poverty and social integration in the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Selección de resoluciones aprobadas por la Asamblea General y el Consejo Económico y Social (ECOSOC) durante el período 1981-1988 acerca de la situación de la mujer y su integración en el desarrollo económico y social = A selection of resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) between 1981 and 1988 on the situation of women and their integration into economic and social development

Contiene resoluciones aprobadas por la Asamblea General y el ECOSOC durante los años 1981 y 1988 sobre la situación y participación de la mujer en el desarrollo económico y social.