Luminescence tuning and enhanced nonlinear optical properties of nanocomposites of ZnO–TiO2

In this article we present the spectral and nonlinear optical properties of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites prepared by colloidal chemical synthesis. Emission peaks of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites change from 340 nm to 385 nm almost in proportion to changes in Eg. The nanocomposites show self-defocusing nonlinearity and good nonlinear absorption behaviour. The nonlinear refractive index and the nonlinear absorption increase with increasing TiO2 volume fraction at 532 nm and can be attributed to the enhancement of exciton oscillator strength. ZnO–TiO2 is a potential nanocomposite material for the tunable light emission and for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold

Spectral and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of ZnO Nanocomposites

The spectral and nonlinear optical properties of ZnO based nanocomposites prepared by colloidal chemical synthesis are investigated. Very strong UV emissions are observed from ZnO–Ag, ZnO– Cu and ZnO–SiO2 nanocomposites. The strongest visible emission of a typical ZnO–Cu nanocomposite is over ten times stronger than that of pure Cu due to transition from deep donor level to the copper induced level. The optical band gap of ZnO–CdS and ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites is tunable and emission peaks changes almost in proportion to changes in band gap. Nonlinear optical response of these nanocomposites is studied using nanosecond laser pulses from a tunable laser in the wavelength range of 450–650 nm at resonance and off-resonance wavelengths. The nonlinear response is wavelength dependent and switching from RSA to SA has been observed at resonant wavelengths. Such a change-over is related to the interplay of plasmon/exciton band bleach and optical limiting mechanisms. The observed nonlinear absorption is explained through two photon absorption followed by weak free carrier absoption, interband absorption and nonlinear scattering mechanisms. The nonlinearity of the silica colloid is low and its nonlinear response can be improved by making composites with ZnO and ZnO–TiO2. The increase of the third-order nonlinearity in the composites can be attributed to the enhancement of exciton oscillator strength. This study is important in identifying the spectral range and the composition over which the nonlinear material acts as an RSA based optical limiter. These nanocomposites can be used as optical limiters and are potential materials for the light emission and for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold.

Spectral and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of ZnO Nanocomposites

The spectral and nonlinear optical properties of ZnO based nanocomposites prepared by colloidal chemical synthesis are investigated. Very strong UV emissions are observed from ZnO–Ag, ZnO– Cu and ZnO–SiO2 nanocomposites. The strongest visible emission of a typical ZnO–Cu nanocomposite is over ten times stronger than that of pure Cu due to transition from deep donor level to the copper induced level. The optical band gap of ZnO–CdS and ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites is tunable and emission peaks changes almost in proportion to changes in band gap. Nonlinear optical response of these nanocomposites is studied using nanosecond laser pulses from a tunable laser in the wavelength range of 450–650 nm at resonance and off-resonance wavelengths. The nonlinear response is wavelength dependent and switching from RSA to SA has been observed at resonant wavelengths. Such a change-over is related to the interplay of plasmon/exciton band bleach and optical limiting mechanisms. The observed nonlinear absorption is explained through two photon absorption followed by weak free carrier absoption, interband absorption and nonlinear scattering mechanisms. The nonlinearity of the silica colloid is low and its nonlinear response can be improved by making composites with ZnO and ZnO–TiO2. The increase of the third-order nonlinearity in the composites can be attributed to the enhancement of exciton oscillator strength. This study is important in identifying the spectral range and the composition over which the nonlinear material acts as an RSA based optical limiter. These nanocomposites can be used as optical limiters and are potential materials for the light emission and for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold.

Spectral and nonlinear optical characteristics of nanocomposites of ZnO-CdS

In this article, we present the spectral and nonlinear optical properties of ZnO–CdS nanocomposites prepared by colloidal chemical synthesis. The optical band gap (Eg) of the material is tunable between 2.62 and 3.84 eV. The emission peaks of ZnO–CdS nanocomposites change from 385 to 520 nm almost in proportion to changes in Eg. It is possible to obtain a desired luminescence color from UV to green by simply adjusting the composition. The nonlinear optical response of these samples is studied by using nanosecond laser pulses from a tunable laser at the excitonic resonance and off-resonance wavelengths. The nonlinear response is wavelength dependent, and switching from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse SA (RSA) has been observed for samples as the excitation wavelength changes from the excitonic resonance to off-resonance wavelengths. Such a changeover in the sign of the nonlinearity of ZnO–CdS nanocomposites is related to the interplay of exciton bleach and optical limiting mechanisms. The ZnO–CdS nanocomposites show self-defocusing nonlinearity and good nonlinear absorption behavior at off-resonant wavelengths. The nonlinear refractive index and the nonlinear absorption increase with increasing CdS volume fraction at 532 nm. The observed nonlinear absorption is attributed to two photon absorption followed by weak free carrier absorption. The enhancement of the third-order nonlinearity in the composites can be attributed to the concentration of exciton oscillator strength. This study is important in identifying the spectral range and composition over which the nonlinear material acts as a RSA based optical limiter. ZnO–CdS is a potential nanocomposite material for the tunable light emission and for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold.

Transition metal and rare earth metal modified sol-gel titania: a versatile catalyst for organic transformations

Catalysis is a mature field with extensive practical applications in today's society.indeed,the catalysis of petroleum refining,fine chemical synthesis and emission control demands the production of catalysts in bulk quantities.Future improvement of these well established processes is likely to be incremental.On the other hand,the continuous demand for new products will require additional novel and innovative processes.The need for pollution abatement and prevention also imposes new demands on catalysis, and new processes are periodically advanced for the control of emission of gases as well as for remediation processes such as the cleaning of underground waters. The number of problems where catalysis can have a big impact is constantly growing.In general,science stimulated by the technology has enriched the field of catalysis in a way that has had broad and lasting value.The thesis"Transition metal and rare earth metal modified sol-gel titania: a versatile catalyst for organic transformations" accounts the preparation and characterization studies of both transition metals and rare earth metals modified sol-gel titania and its applications in industrially useful organic reactions.

Nonlinear optical characteristics of nanocomposites of ZnO–TiO2–SiO2

In this article we present the nonlinear optical properties of ZnO–TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposites prepared by colloidal chemical synthesis. Nonlinear optical response of these samples is studied using nanosecond laser pulses at an off-resonance wavelength. The nonlinearity of the silica colloid is low and its nonlinear response can be improved by making composites with ZnO and TiO2. These nanocomposites show self-defocusing nonlinearity and good nonlinear absorption behaviour. The nonlinear refractive index and the nonlinear absorption increases with increasing ZnO volume fraction. The observed nonlinear absorption is explained by two photon absorption followed by weak free carrier absorption and nonlinear scattering. ZnO–TiO2–SiO2 is a potential nanocomposite material for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold.

Spectral and nonlinear optical characteristics of nanocomposites of ZnO–Ag

In this Letter we present the spectral and nonlinear optical properties of ZnO–Ag nanocomposites prepared by colloidal chemical synthesis. Obvious enhancement of ultraviolet (UV) emission of the samples is observed and the strongest UV emission is over three times than that of pure ZnO. These nanocomposites show self-defocusing nonlinearity and good nonlinear absorption behaviour which increases with increasing Ag volume fraction. The observed nonlinear absorption is explained through two photon absorption followed by free carrier absorption. ZnO–Ag is a potential nanocomposite material for the UV light emission and for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold.

Linear and nonlinear optical characteristics of ZnO-SiO2 nanocomposites.

We present the spectral and nonlinear optical properties of ZnO-SiO2 nanocomposites prepared by colloidal chemical synthesis. Obvious enhancement of ultraviolet (UV) emission of the samples is observed, and the strongest UV emission of a typical ZnO-SiO2 nanocomposite is over three times stronger than that of pure ZnO. The nonlinearity of the silica colloid is low, and its nonlinear response can be improved by making composites with ZnO. These nanocomposites show self-defocusing nonlinearity and good nonlinear absorption behavior. The observed nonlinear absorption is explained through two photon absorption followed by weak free carrier absorption and nonlinear scattering. The nonlinear refractive index and the nonlinear absorption increase with increasing ZnO volume fraction and can be attributed to the enhancement of exciton oscillator strength. ZnO-SiO2 is a potential nanocomposite material for the UV light emission and for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold.

Enhanced luminescence and nonlinear optical properties of nanocomposites of ZnO–Cu

In this article, we present the spectral and nonlinear optical properties of ZnOCu nanocomposites prepared by colloidal chemical synthesis. The emission consisted of two peaks. The 385-nm ultraviolet (UV) peak is attributed to ZnO and the 550-nm visible peak is attributed to Cu nanocolloids. Obvious enhancement of UV and visible emission of the samples is observed and the strongest UV emission of a typical ZnOCu nanocomposite is over three times stronger than that of pure ZnO. Cu acts as a sensitizer and the enhancement of UV emission are caused by excitons formed at the interface between Cu and ZnO. As the volume fraction of Cu increases beyond a particular value, the intensity of the UV peak decreases while the intensity of the visible peak increases, and the strongest visible emission of a typical ZnOCu nanocomposite is over ten times stronger than that of pure Cu. The emission mechanism is discussed. Nonlinear optical response of these samples is studied using nanosecond laser pulses from a tunable laser in the wavelength range of 450650 nm, which includes the surface plasmon absorption (SPA) band. The nonlinear response is wavelength dependent and switching from reverse saturable absorption (RSA) to saturable absorption (SA) has been observed for Cu nanocolloids as the excitation wavelength changes from the low absorption window region to higher absorption regime near the SPA band. However, ZnO colloids and ZnOCu nanocomposites exhibit induced absorption at this wavelength. Such a changeover in the sign of the nonlinearity of ZnOCu nanocomposites, with respect to Cu nanocolloids, is related to the interplay of plasmon band bleach and optical limiting mechanisms. The SA again changes back to RSA when we move over to the infrared region. The ZnOCu nanocomposites show self-defocusing nonlinearity and good nonlinear absorption behavior. The nonlinear refractive index and the nonlinear absorption increases with increasing Cu volume fraction at 532 nm. The observed nonlinear absorption is explained through two-photon absorption followed by weak free-carrier absorption and interband absorption mechanisms. This study is important in identifying the spectral range and composition over which the nonlinear material acts as a RSA-based optical limiter. ZnOCu is a potential nanocomposite material for the light emission and for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold.

Investigations on the structural, optical and Magnetic properties of nanostructured cerium oxide in pure and doped forms and its polymer nanocomposiets

This thesis Entitled INVESTIGATIONS ON THE STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED CERIUM OXIDE IN PURE AND DOPED FORMS AND ITS POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES.Synthesis and processing of nanomatelials and nanostmctures are the essential aspects of nanotechnology. Studies on new physical properties and applications of nanomaterials and nanostructures are possible only when nanostructured materials are made available with desired size, morphology,crystal structure and chemical composition.Recently, several methods have been developed to prepare pure and doped CeO2 powder, including wet chemical synthesis, thermal hydrolysis, flux method, hydrothermal synthesis, gas condensation method, microwave technique etc. In all these, some special reaction conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, capping agents, expensive or toxic solvents etc. have been involved.Another hi gh-li ght of the present work is room temperature ferromagnetism in cerium oxdie thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique.The observation of self trapped exciton mediated PL in ceria nanocrystals is another important outcome of the present study. STE mediated mechanism has been proposed for CeO2 nanocrystals based on the dependence of PL intensity on the annealing temperature. It would be interesting to extent these investigations to the doped forms of cerium oxide and cerium oxide thin films to get deeper Insight into STE mechanism.Due to time constraints detailed investigations could not be canied out on the preparation and properties of free standing films of polymer/ceria nanocomposites. It has been observed that good quality free standing films of PVDF/ceria, PS/C61‘l8, PMMA/ceria can be obtained using solution casting technique. These polymer nanocomposite films show high dielectric constant around 20 and offer prospects of applications as gate electrodes in metal-oxide semiconductor devices.

Koordinationschemie auf Oberflächen

Oberflächen, die reversibel auf einen externen Stimulus reagieren, werden als intelligente Oberflächen bezeichnet und sind von großem Interesse für Wissenschaft und Technik. Im diesem Rahmen haben wir ein modulares Synthesekonzept entwickelt, das die spontane Selbstorganisation funktionaler Adsorbatmoleküle auf Au(111) und HOPG ausnutzt. Das Design der Adsorbatmoleküle erlaubt eine modulare Synthese. Scheibchenförmige Moleküle wie Phthalocyanine und Porphyrine, die in der Peripherie Thioetherseitenketten tragen, dienen als Anbindungseinheiten. Das zentrale Metallatom dient als Anknüpfungspunkt für starre Einheiten, die aus Abstandshaltern und Funktionsträgern bestehen. Dieses Konzept erlaubt es sowohl die laterale Separation Funktionseinheiten einzustellen um es den Funktionsträgern zu ermöglichen ohne Behinderung durch Nachbarmoleküle ihre Funktion auszuüben. Für diese Arbeit waren Funktionseinheiten wichtig, deren Funktionen unter anderem Redoxaktivität, Photoschaltbarkeit, Komplexierung katalytisch aktiver Metalle und Immobilisierung onkogener Proteine umfassen. Zum Beleg dieses Konzeptes wurde ein starres Ferrocen-Derivat für die Postmodifizierung eines Zn-Phthalocyanin-SAMs verwendet. Die erhaltenen Filme wurden mittels C1s- und Fe2p-NEXAFS-Spektroskopie ebenso untersucht wie mittels TDS. Strukturell verwandte Komplexe konnten durch RSA charakterisiert werden.

Plan exportador Comercializadora Point Ltda.

A lo largo de la historia los mercados poco a poco se fueron abasteciendo de productos que buscaban brindar beneficios extras a sus compradores, tales que pudieran verse reflejados ya sea en facilitar las tareas habituales de los seres humanos, o simplemente brindar satisfacción por su consumo o percepción; A partir del nuevo milenio y dadas las cualidades dinámicas del mercado, las tendencias de compra del mercado de los bienes para el consumo humano han venido teniendo una desviación un poco más naturista; esta consiste en la búsqueda de alimentos producidos bajo altos estándares de calidad, pero diferentes a los productos convencionales. Actualmente se han venido desarrollando nuevas prácticas agrícolas, para evitar contaminar la tierra y lograr obtener alimentos más sanos, todos estos se llaman productos orgánicos, y su principal cualidad es que son más saludables y de valor agregado, ya que no se cultivan con ningún tipo de producto de síntesis química, lo que permite una mayor fertilidad de los suelos e incremento de la biodiversidad. Por estas razones y agregando la globalización de los mercados mundiales, es que queremos desarrollar un plan de exportación de Café Orgánico mediante la comercializadora POINT LTDA, aprovechando además brindarle a la empresa las herramientas necesarias para una futura internacionalización, teniendo en cuenta las grandes oportunidades que hay en estos momentos de expandir y tener negocios rentables en todo el mundo.

Big and little Meccano

The emergence of the mechanical bond during the past 25 years is giving chemistry a fillip in more ways than one. While its arrival on the scene is already impacting materials science and molecular nanotechnology, it is providing a new lease of life to chemical synthesis where mechanical bond formation Occurs as a consequence of the all-important templation Orchestrated by molecular recognition and self-assembly. The way in which covalent bond formation activates noncovalent bonding interactions, switching on molecular recognition that leads to self-assembly, and the template-directed synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecules-of which the so-called catenanes and rotaxanes may be regarded as the prototypes-has introduced a level of integration into chemical synthesis that has not previously been attained jointly at the supramolecular and molecular levels. The challenge now is to carry this I vel of integration during molecular synthesis beyond relatively small molecules into the realms of precisely functionalized extended molecular Structures and superstructures that perform functions in a collective manner as the key sources of instruction, activation, and performance in multi-component integrated Circuits and devices. These forays into organic chemistry by a scientific nomad are traced through thick and thin from the Athens of the North to the Windy City by Lake Michigan with interludes on the edge of the Canadian Shield beside Lake Ontario, in the Socialist Republic of South Yorkshire, on the Plains of Cheshire beside the Wirral, in the Midlands in the Heartland of Albion, and in the City of Angels beside the Peaceful Sea. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Organocatalytic enantioselective construction of nitrocyclohexanes containing multiple chiral centres via a cascade reaction

The stereoselective construction of complex molecules with multiple stereogenicity in a single step represents an extremely useful, but challenging approach to complexity in chemical synthesis. The development of organocatalytic cascade processes has proven useful in these studies, but reports where four or more stereocentres are created in a single step from just two achiral reagents are rare. Herein we report the development of a novel asymmetric domino Michael-Michael reaction between nitrohex-4-enoates and nitro-olefins to generate cyclohexanes of high complexity, including one with a quaternary centre, and one with five contiguous stereocentres. This methodology provides access to a range of useful nitrocyclohexane derivatives, including a novel class of a-lycorane-like structures.

Ion dependence of magnetic anisotropy in MFe(2)O(4) (M = Fe, Co, Mn) nanoparticles synthesized by high-temperature reaction

The influence of different M(2+) cations on the effective magnetic anisotropy of systems composed of MFe(2)O(4) (M Fe, Co and Mn) nanoparticles was investigated. Samples were prepared by the high-temperature (538 K) solution phase reaction of Fe (acac) 3, Co (acac) 2 and Mn (acac) 2 with 1,2 octanodiol in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine. The final particles are coated by an organic layer of oleic acid that prevents agglomeration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that particles present near spherical form and a narrow grain size distribution, with mean diameters in the range of 4.5 - 7.6 nm. Powder samples were analyzed by ac susceptibility and Mossbauer measurements, and K(eff) for all samples was evaluated using both techniques, showing a strong dependence on the nature of the divalent cation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.