972 resultados para Códigos QR


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In this paper, we study the behaviour of the slotted Aloha multiple access scheme with a finite number of users under different traffic loads and optimize the retransmission probability q(r) for various settings, cost objectives and policies. First, we formulate the problem as a parameter optimization problem and use certain efficient smoothed functional algorithms for finding the optimal retransmission probability parameter. Next, we propose two classes of multi-level closed-loop feedback policies (for finding in each case the retransmission probability qr that now depends on the current system state) and apply the above algorithms for finding an optimal policy within each class of policies. While one of the policy classes depends on the number of backlogged nodes in the system, the other depends on the number of time slots since the last successful transmission. The latter policies are more realistic as it is difficult to keep track of the number of backlogged nodes at each instant. We investigate the effect of increasing the number of levels in the feedback policies. Wen also investigate the effects of using different cost functions (withn and without penalization) in our algorithms and the corresponding change in the throughput and delay using these. Both of our algorithms use two-timescale stochastic approximation. One of the algorithms uses one simulation while the other uses two simulations of the system. The two-simulation algorithm is seen to perform better than the other algorithm. Optimal multi-level closed-loop policies are seen to perform better than optimal open-loop policies. The performance further improves when more levels are used in the feedback policies.

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Floquet analysis is widely used for small-order systems (say, order M < 100) to find trim results of control inputs and periodic responses, and stability results of damping levels and frequencies, Presently, however, it is practical neither for design applications nor for comprehensive analysis models that lead to large systems (M > 100); the run time on a sequential computer is simply prohibitive, Accordingly, a massively parallel Floquet analysis is developed with emphasis on large systems, and it is implemented on two SIMD or single-instruction, multiple-data computers with 4096 and 8192 processors, The focus of this development is a parallel shooting method with damped Newton iteration to generate trim results; the Floquet transition matrix (FTM) comes out as a byproduct, The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the FTM are computed by a parallel QR method, and thereby stability results are generated, For illustration, flap and flap-lag stability of isolated rotors are treated by the parallel analysis and by a corresponding sequential analysis with the conventional shooting and QR methods; linear quasisteady airfoil aerodynamics and a finite-state three-dimensional wake model are used, Computational reliability is quantified by the condition numbers of the Jacobian matrices in Newton iteration, the condition numbers of the eigenvalues and the residual errors of the eigenpairs, and reliability figures are comparable in both the parallel and sequential analyses, Compared to the sequential analysis, the parallel analysis reduces the run time of large systems dramatically, and the reduction increases with increasing system order; this finding offers considerable promise for design and comprehensive-analysis applications.

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Solid oxide-ion electrolytes find application in oxygen sensors, oxygen pumps and in high-temperature electrolyser-fuel-cell hybrid systems. All the solid electrolytes known so Qr, however, exhibit: tow oxide-ion conductivities below 973 K. Therefore, there is a need for fast oxide-ion conductors operative at temperatures around 673 K, Recently, efforts have been directed towards developing such materials. This article summarizes various type of oxide-ton electrolytes reported in literature and outlines a strategy for the identificatiom/synthesis of improved materials.

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Intraseasonal variations (ISV) of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is highest in its northwestern part. An Indian Ocean model forced by QuikSCAT winds and climatological river discharge (QR run) reproduces ISV of SST, albeit with weaker magnitude. Air-sea fluxes, in the presence of a shallow mixed layer, efficiently effect intraseasonal SST fluctuations. Warming during intraseasonal events is smaller (<1°C) for June - July period and larger (1.5° to 2°C) during September, the latter due to a thinner mixed layer. To examine the effect of salinity on ISV, the model was run by artificially increasing the salinity (NORR run) and by decreasing it (MAHA10 run). In NORR, both rainfall and river discharge were switched off and in MAHA10 the discharge by river Mahanadi was increased tenfold. The spatial pattern of ISV as well as its periodicity was similar in QR, NORR and MAHA10. The ISV was stronger in NORR and weaker in MAHA10, compared to QR. In NORR, both intraseasonal warming and cooling were higher than in QR, the former due to reduced air-sea heat loss as the mean SST was lower, and the latter due to enhanced subsurface processes resulting from weaker stratification. In MAHA10, both warming and cooling were lower than in QR, the former due to higher air-sea heat loss owing to higher mean SST, and the latter due to weak subsurface processes resulting from stronger stratification. These model experiments suggest that salinity effects are crucial in determining amplitudes of intraseasonal SST variations in the BoB.

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Purpose: Developing a computationally efficient automated method for the optimal choice of regularization parameter in diffuse optical tomography. Methods: The least-squares QR (LSQR)-type method that uses Lanczos bidiagonalization is known to be computationally efficient in performing the reconstruction procedure in diffuse optical tomography. The same is effectively deployed via an optimization procedure that uses the simplex method to find the optimal regularization parameter. The proposed LSQR-type method is compared with the traditional methods such as L-curve, generalized cross-validation (GCV), and recently proposed minimal residual method (MRM)-based choice of regularization parameter using numerical and experimental phantom data. Results: The results indicate that the proposed LSQR-type and MRM-based methods performance in terms of reconstructed image quality is similar and superior compared to L-curve and GCV-based methods. The proposed method computational complexity is at least five times lower compared to MRM-based method, making it an optimal technique. Conclusions: The LSQR-type method was able to overcome the inherent limitation of computationally expensive nature of MRM-based automated way finding the optimal regularization parameter in diffuse optical tomographic imaging, making this method more suitable to be deployed in real-time. (C) 2013 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4792459]

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Construction of high rate Space Time Block Codes (STBCs) with low decoding complexity has been studied widely using techniques such as sphere decoding and non Maximum-Likelihood (ML) decoders such as the QR decomposition decoder with M paths (QRDM decoder). Recently Ren et al., presented a new class of STBCs known as the block orthogonal STBCs (BOSTBCs), which could be exploited by the QRDM decoders to achieve significant decoding complexity reduction without performance loss. The block orthogonal property of the codes constructed was however only shown via simulations. In this paper, we give analytical proofs for the block orthogonal structure of various existing codes in literature including the codes constructed in the paper by Ren et al. We show that codes formed as the sum of Clifford Unitary Weight Designs (CUWDs) or Coordinate Interleaved Orthogonal Designs (CIODs) exhibit block orthogonal structure. We also provide new construction of block orthogonal codes from Cyclic Division Algebras (CDAs) and Crossed-Product Algebras (CPAs). In addition, we show how the block orthogonal property of the STBCs can be exploited to reduce the decoding complexity of a sphere decoder using a depth first search approach. Simulation results of the decoding complexity show a 30% reduction in the number of floating point operations (FLOPS) of BOSTBCs as compared to STBCs without the block orthogonal structure.

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The model-based image reconstruction approaches in photoacoustic tomography have a distinct advantage compared to traditional analytical methods for cases where limited data is available. These methods typically deploy Tikhonov based regularization scheme to reconstruct the initial pressure from the boundary acoustic data. The model-resolution for these cases represents the blur induced by the regularization scheme. A method that utilizes this blurring model and performs the basis pursuit deconvolution to improve the quantitative accuracy of the reconstructed photoacoustic image is proposed and shown to be superior compared to other traditional methods via three numerical experiments. Moreover, this deconvolution including the building of an approximate blur matrix is achieved via the Lanczos bidagonalization (least-squares QR) making this approach attractive in real-time. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America

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A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based hardware accelerator for multi-conductor parasitic capacitance extraction, using Method of Moments (MoM), is presented in this paper. Due to the prohibitive cost of solving a dense algebraic system formed by MoM, linear complexity fast solver algorithms have been developed in the past to expedite the matrix-vector product computation in a Krylov sub-space based iterative solver framework. However, as the number of conductors in a system increases leading to a corresponding increase in the number of right-hand-side (RHS) vectors, the computational cost for multiple matrix-vector products present a time bottleneck, especially for ill-conditioned system matrices. In this work, an FPGA based hardware implementation is proposed to parallelize the iterative matrix solution for multiple RHS vectors in a low-rank compression based fast solver scheme. The method is applied to accelerate electrostatic parasitic capacitance extraction of multiple conductors in a Ball Grid Array (BGA) package. Speed-ups up to 13x over equivalent software implementation on an Intel Core i5 processor for dense matrix-vector products and 12x for QR compressed matrix-vector products is achieved using a Virtex-6 XC6VLX240T FPGA on Xilinx's ML605 board.

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It was demonstrated in earlier work that, by approximating its range kernel using shiftable functions, the nonlinear bilateral filter can be computed using a series of fast convolutions. Previous approaches based on shiftable approximation have, however, been restricted to Gaussian range kernels. In this work, we propose a novel approximation that can be applied to any range kernel, provided it has a pointwise-convergent Fourier series. More specifically, we propose to approximate the Gaussian range kernel of the bilateral filter using a Fourier basis, where the coefficients of the basis are obtained by solving a series of least-squares problems. The coefficients can be efficiently computed using a recursive form of the QR decomposition. By controlling the cardinality of the Fourier basis, we can obtain a good tradeoff between the run-time and the filtering accuracy. In particular, we are able to guarantee subpixel accuracy for the overall filtering, which is not provided by the most existing methods for fast bilateral filtering. We present simulation results to demonstrate the speed and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.

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El experimento fue establecido en la estación experimental "La Compañía", San Marcos, departamento de Carazo, Nicaragua. durante la época de primera (junio- agosto) de 1995, con el Propósito de caracterizar y evaluar preliminarmente el comportamiento de 261 accesiones de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) recolectadas en diferentes zonas de Nicaragua por el Programa de Recursos Genéticos Nicaragüense (REGEN) de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA).Los testigos utilizados fueron las variedades DOR- 364 y Compañía-93.El diseño empleado fue el de ensayo preliminar, el cual consistió de un surco por accesión de 4 m de longitud. En la caracterización se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados, se observó variación de colores en alas y estandarte (blanco, púrpura, rosado y lila)., en caracteres de vaina se observaron diferentes colores (amarillo, crema, anaranjado, café, rojo, rosado, violeta y rubio grisáceo), tres tipos de vainas (recta, ligeramente curvada y curvada) el número de lóculos por vaina estuvo entre los 4 y 8 y la longitud de vaina entre 7 y 14 cm. En caracteres de semilla se observó una amplia variación algunos con presencia de moteado (blanco, café claro, rojo grisáceo, gris, púrpura intenso y negro) se presentaron 4 forma de semilla (ovoidal, casi cuadrada, arriñonada recta y arriñonada curva). Los hábitos de crecimiento fueron en su totalidad indeterminados (IIa, IIb y IIIb) en su mayoría IIb. El número de nudos en el tallo a la primera rama estuvo entre los 2.5 y 5 nudos. En evaluación preliminar se observó diferencias en el número de días a inicio de la floración 28 a 43 dds, el fin de la floración varío entre los 43 y 68 dds, la madurez fisiológica entre los 53 y 78 dds, la duración de la floración entre los 8 y 28 dds, la duración de ciclo reproductivo entre los 16 y 36 y la cosecha entre los 62 y 78 dds. En cuanto a los componentes del rendimiento el número de vainas por planta osciló entre los 2.5 y 17, el número de semillas por vainas entre los 2.5 y 8.5 y el peso de 100 semillas entre los l0 y 31g. Respecto al rendimiento tenemos que 132 accesiones superaron al testigo DOR-364 y 82 al testigo compañia-93 en más del 100 % y solamente 44 acceciones fueron superadas por los testigos. La mayoría de los materiales presentaron sintomas leves a la Mustia Hilachosa y 24 materiales presentaron daños severos a Mancha Angular. Se presenta un catálogo descriptivo de los 261 materiales estudiados dentro del cual tenemos codificación de colores, diccionario de códigos, carácteres cualitativos, caracteres cuantitativos, datos de pasaporte, datos de enfermedad y datos de rendimiento.

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Objetivo y metodología: Dentro del perfil buscado por la Universidad Católica Argentina para sus Ingenieros Industriales se encuentran, entre otras, las siguientes cualidades distintivas: “Entenderá que la Ingeniería es una profesión creativa e innovadora que, combinando la ciencia y la tecnología, junto con la economía, la administración y la sociología, se propone tratar y resolver problemas integrando todos los elementos involucrados y buscando, dentro de un marco ético, la mejor solución en beneficio de la calidad de vida del hombre y de la sociedad.”/.../ El análisis de este caso se enmarcara dentro de la Teoría Crítica de la Tecnología y el concepto de “código técnico”, observando cómo estos códigos actúan de manera oculta o invisible, estratificando valores e intereses en normas, reglas, criterios y procedimientos. En cuanto a este último punto, se presentará el Value Sensitive Design (VSD) o Diseño por Valores, una metodología de diseño que actualmente asoma como una luz de esperanza para la integración de los valores a los desarrollos tecnológicos e ingenieriles...

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Introducción: Uno de los grandes temas en discusión en 2012 por parte de la doctrina jurídica argentina ha sido la presentación ante el Congreso Nacional del “Proyecto de Reforma, Unificación y Actualización de los Códigos Civil y Comercial de la Nación”. Así las cosas, varias son las voces que se han alzado tanto a favor de la reforma como en su contra. Mientras que algunos consideran que la legislación proyectada implica un avance en materia de derechos humanos, llegando a tildarla como la “reforma más participativa de la historia”1; otros se apartan de esta idea y ven en el Proyecto grandes deficiencias. En el presente trabajo intentaremos analizar uno de los artículos más polémicos de la reforma: el Artículo 19, referente al comienzo de la existencia de la persona humana. Mas no habremos de agotar nuestra investigación allí, proseguiremos analizando otro artículo que puede pasar inadvertido pero que conlleva grandes implicancias si se analiza a la luz del 19. Hacemos referencia al Artículo 57, el cual trata acerca de las prácticas destinadas a alterar la constitución genética de la descendencia. Por último, buscaremos ver qué implicancias puede generar este panorama respecto de la responsabilidad de los profesionales de la salud.

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Con motivo de la reforma de los códigos emerge de un modo más imperioso, si ello cabe, la indagación sobre los fundamentos de las normas escritas y, esencialmente, del derecho como actividad. Después de las catastróficas matanzas y guerras generales, civiles y de liberación anticolonial del siglo XX, se fue asentando un concepto antropológico basal, la dignidad de la persona humana, consentida como sustento de toda la protección internacional de los derechos humanos, y, de ahí, en cascada, imbuyendo las instituciones, las normas y la jurisprudencia de la mayoría de los países.

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Resumen: Este artículo analiza el fallo del 13 de marzo de 2012 de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación, en los autos “F., A. L. s/ medida autosatisfactiva”, en el cual el máximo tribunal argentino adoptó la interpretación amplia del Artículo 86, inciso 2, del Código Penal, a la luz de la “voluntad del legislador histórico”; teniendo en cuenta que la misma Corte la invoca en sus fundamentos para fallar a favor de la constitucionalidad del inciso referido. Se parte de entender el contexto histórico e ideológico de las primeras décadas del siglo XX, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, del cual surge la influencia que tuvo la eugenesia en los ámbitos científicos, académicos y jurídicos. Teoría que tenía por objetivo la búsqueda del “perfeccionamiento” de la especie humana, lo que implicaba descartar a los seres humanos más débiles, imperfectos o defectuosos. Dentro de este contexto se impulsó la modificación del Código Penal, por lo que es central para entender la “voluntad del legislador histórico” el Informe de la Comisión de Códigos del Senado de la Nación, de 1920, que receptó claramente las ideas eugenésicas, siendo el Artículo 86, inc. 2, un claro ejemplo de ello. El mencionado informe demuestra que la verdadera motivación de los legisladores para incluir la no punibilidad del aborto en este inciso fue que no nacieran “seres anormales o degenerados”, no hay una sola mención a la situación de la mujer embarazada y de los perjuicios que un embarazo en estas condiciones le podrían acarrear.

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El asesinato de Rosana Galliano fue uno de los casos policiales más resonantes de los últimos años en Argentina. Su cobertura en el diario Clarín es una muestra de que en la posmodernidad se desdibujan los límites entre “prensa seria” y prensa sensacionalista. La invasión de la vida privada de la víctima introduce los códigos de la novela sentimental y conduce a una lógica en la que cualquier acusación es publicada: todos hablan de la única que ya no puede hablar. Así, la cobertura oscila entre culpabilizar a la víctima y condenar sin juicio previo al sospechoso: el periodismo se vuelve fiscal y juez.