Economie rurale considerée dans ses rapports avec la chimie, la physique et la meteorologie

UANL

Traduire le mètre, traduire le rythme : les poèmes de Sappho par Philippe Brunet

En 1991, Philippe Brunet publie une traduction inédite de la poétesse grecque archaïque du VII ème siècle avant J.-C., Sappho. Dans cette traduction, celui-ci a tenté d'imiter et de faire ressentir le mètre grec en français. La difficulté de cette entreprise réside dans le fait que le français n'est pas une langue à accent de mot et qu'il ne ressent pas la quantité des syllabes. Les mètres poétiques du français se basent en effet sur le nombre des syllabes et non sur leur quantité. À la Renaissance, une telle tentative d'imitation du mètre grec avait déjà été entreprise par Jean-Antoine de Baïf. Mais celui-ci, oubliant les particularités accentuelles du français, n'a pas réussi à développer un système adéquat. Philippe Brunet quant à lui a su utiliser ces règles accentuelles françaises pour faire ressentir à son lecteur quelque chose du rythme quantitatif grec. Se servant autant de l'accent tonique que de l'accent initial, son système respecte dans son ensemble la langue française tout en créant un rythme nouveau. Une fois cette traduction comparée à d'autres, on peut également voir à quel point ses recherches sémantiques et prosodiques aident à la réalisation de ce rythme particulier. M ots-clé : Sappho, grec, traduction, rythme, mètre, métrique, accent.

Assessment of day-to-day functioning in prodromal and early Huntington disease

The Functional Rating Scale Taskforce for pre-Huntington Disease (FuRST-pHD) is a multinational, multidisciplinary initiative with the goal of developing a data-driven, comprehensive, psychometrically sound, rating scale for assessing symptoms and functional ability in prodromal and early Huntington disease (HD) gene expansion carriers. The process involves input from numerous sources to identify relevant symptom domains, including HD individuals, caregivers, and experts from a variety of fields, as well as knowledge gained from the analysis of data from ongoing large-scale studies in HD using existing clinical scales. This is an iterative process in which an ongoing series of field tests in prodromal (prHD) and early HD individuals provides the team with data on which to make decisions regarding which questions should undergo further development or testing and which should be excluded. We report here the development and assessment of the first iteration of interview questions aimed to assess functional impact in day-to-day activities in prHD and early HD individuals.

Assessing behavioural manifestations prior to clinical diagnosis of Huntington disease: "anger and irritability" and "obsessions and compulsions"

The Functional Rating Scale Taskforce for pre-Huntington Disease (FuRST-pHD) is a multinational, multidisciplinary initiative with the goal of developing a data-driven, comprehensive, psychometrically sound, rating scale for assessing symptoms and functional ability in prodromal and early Huntington disease (HD) gene expansion carriers. The process involves input from numerous sources to identify relevant symptom domains, including HD individuals, caregivers, and experts from a variety of fields, as well as knowledge gained from the analysis of data from ongoing large-scale studies in HD using existing clinical scales. This is an iterative process in which an ongoing series of field tests in prodromal (prHD) and early HD individuals provides the team with data on which to make decisions regarding which questions should undergo further development or testing and which should be excluded. We report here the development and assessment of the first iteration of interview questions aimed to assess "Anger and Irritability" and "Obsessions and Compulsions" in prHD individuals.

O debate francês acerca da instrução pública e seus desdobramentos no Brasil

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar aspectos históricos das questões políticas, ideológicas e conceituais que estiveram presentes nas discussões referentes à instrução nacional francesa no final do século XVIII, enfatizando as proposições de Condorcet, no Rapport de 1792, como sendo base desse tipo de debate durante o processo revolucionário na França. Privilegiamos, portanto, analisar as prerrogativas discursivas dessa proposta e o certame suscitado a partir dela, pois resultaram, até mesmo, em novas proposições, entre elas as de Romme, Robespierre, Lepelletier e Lakanal. Trata-se de uma abordagem que nos proporciona a compreensão da base moderna do debate sobre instrução pública que se configurou no século XIX. Essa concorrência de ideias entre os franceses se estabeleceu como o grande legado teórico para os sistemas modernos de ensino, inclusive o brasileiro. Depreendemos, ainda, que a instrução defendida na França estava permeada pelos ideais de razão, moral e cientificismo.

The future of aortic surgery in Europe

At least every ten years, each specialty should reflect upon its past, its present and its future, in order to be able to reconfirm the direction in which it is headed, to adopt suggestions from inside and outside and, consequently, to improve. As such, the aim of this manuscript is to provide the interested reader with an overview of how aortic surgery and (perhaps more accurately) aortic medicine has evolved in Europe, and its present standing; also to provide a glimpse into the future, trying to disseminate the thoughts of a group of people actively involved in the development of aortic medicine in Europe, namely the Vascular Domain of the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS).

Diagnosis and management of enophthalmos

Enophthalmos is a relatively frequent and misdiagnosed clinical sign in orbital diseases. The knowledge of the different etiologies of enophthalmos and its adequate management are important, because in some cases, it could be the first sign revealing a life-threatening disease. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of enophthalmos. The main etiologies, such as trauma, chronic maxillary atelectasis (silent sinus syndrome), breast cancer metastasis, and orbital varix, will be discussed. Its objective is to enable the reader to recognize, assess, and treat the spectrum of disorders causing enophthalmos.

Current status and recommendations for use of the frozen elephant trunk technique: a position paper by the Vascular Domain of EACTS.

The implementation of new surgical techniques offers chances but carries risks. Usually, several years pass before a critical appraisal and a balanced opinion of a new treatment method are available and rely on the evidence from the literature and expert's opinion. The frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique has been increasingly used to treat complex pathologies of the aortic arch and the descending aorta, but there still is an ongoing discussion within the surgical community about the optimal indications. This paper represents a common effort of the Vascular Domain of EACTS together with several surgeons with particular expertise in aortic surgery, and summarizes the current knowledge and the state of the art about the FET technique. The majority of the information about the FET technique has been extracted from 97 focused publications already available in the PubMed database (cohort studies, case reports, reviews, small series, meta-analyses and best evidence topics) published in English.

Esquisse d'un tableau historique des progrès de l'ésprit humain : ouvrage posthume

de Condorcet