Care arrangements for people with dementia in developing countries

Background: Rapid demographic ageing will soon lead to large increases in the numbers of persons with dementia in developing countries. This study is the first comprehensive assessment of care arrangements for people with dementia in those regions. Methods: A descriptive and comparative study of dementia care; caregiver characteristics, the nature of care provided, and the practical, psychological (Zarit Burden Interview, General Health Questionnaire) and economic impact upon the caregiver in 24 centres in India, China and South East Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean and Africa. Results: We interviewed 706 persons with dementia, and their caregivers. Most caregivers were women, living with the person with dementia in extended family households. One-quarter to one-half of households included a child. Larger households were associated with lower caregiver strain, where the caregiver was co-resident. However, despite the traditional apparatus of family care, levels of caregiver strain were at least as high as in the developed world. Many had cutback on work to care and faced the additional expense of paid carers and health services. Families from the poorest countries were particularly likely to have used expensive private medical services, and to be spending more than 10% of the per capita GNP on health care. Conclusions: Older people in developing countries are indivisible from their younger family members. The high levels of family strain identified in this study feed into the cycle of disadvantage and should thus be a concern for policymakers in the developing world. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Polineuropatia associada a hipotireoidismo em cães: Relato de seis casos

Six Doberman Pinscher, between six and eight years of age, were presented to the Veterinary Hospital from Faculty of Veterinary Science of The University of Buenos Aires. Neurological examination revealed tetraparesis with inability to walk, decreased muscle tonus and myotatic reflexes in all dogs. Serum cholesterol levels, creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities were mildly to markedly elevated, and tibial motor nerve conduction velocities were slow in all dogs. Basal measurements of free T4 and TSH were determined by radioimmunoassay. Although fT4 values were within normal range, in all dogs TSH values were elevated. Based on this results, hypothyroidism was diagnosed and a supplementation therapy was established with oral levothyroxine (T4). Two weeks after treatment has been started, all patients had an improvement in clinical signs, and within a month gait became normal, as well as muscular tonus and spinal reflexes.

¿Cuán sustentable es la Región Metropolitana de Santiago?: metodologías de evaluación de la sustentabilidad

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Perfil de especialización sectorial de las exportaciones argentinas en la post convertibilidad: implicancias sobre el empleo

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Impacto de las exportaciones industriales sobre el empleo y las remuneraciones en la Argentina: período 1998-2006

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Trade reforms and trade patterns in Latin America

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Observatorio de empleo y dinámica empresarial en Argentina

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Las campañas mundiales de seguridad en la tenencia de la vivienda y por una mejor gobernabilidad urbana en América Latina y el Caribe, Santiago, 25-27 octubre 2000: actas de los paneles

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La mortalidad en los primeros años de vida en países de la América Latina: Paraguay, 1967-1968

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La movilidad laboral en Argentina desde mediados del decenio de 1990: el difícil camino de regreso al empleo formal

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Labour mobility in Argentina since the mid-1990s: the hard road back to formal employment

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Paraguay; breve analisis y evaluacion de las estadisticas demograficas en el periodo 1950-72. Tablas de mortalidad intercensales 1952-62 y 1962-72

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Analisis de la fecundidad marital en Costa Rica, 1976. Trabajo final de investigacion

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Governance and institutional development of the Chilean economy

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Paraguay: diferenciales geograficos y socioeconomicos de la fecundidad, 1960-1979

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