Susceptibility and resistance to deltamethrin of wild and domestic populations of Triatoma infestans (Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Bolivia: new discoveries

Bolivia is a high-endemic country for Chagas disease, for which the principal vector is Triatoma infestans (Triatominae). This is a mainly domestic species that is also found in the wild environment. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown the importance of Triatominae resistance to insecticides, especially in Bolivia. Data regarding the susceptibility/resistance of wild and domestic populations of T. infestans to deltamethrin are presented. For the first time, domestic populations of the department of Santa Cruz were tested, showing low resistance. Although most of the wild populations were found to be susceptible to deltamethrin, three populations from three departments showed a mortality rate of less than 100%. This result is emphasised here.

Toxicological and biochemical analysis of the susceptibility of sylvatic Triatoma infestans from the Andean Valley of Bolivia to organophosphate insecticide

To increase our knowledge of the natural susceptibility of Triatoma infestans to an organophosphate insecticide, we performed toxicological and biochemical studies on three sylvatic populations from Bolivia and two populations from domestic dwellings from Bolivia and Argentina. Fifty-per-cent lethal doses (LD50) were determined based on the topical application of fenitrothion on first instar nymphs and mortality was assessed at 24 h. Both type of populations exhibited LD50ratios significantly higher than 1 with a range of the values (1.42-2.47); the maximum value were found in a sylvatic (-S) population, Veinte de Octubre-S. Samples were biochemically analysed using a glutathione S-transferase activity assay. The highest significant activity was obtained for Veinte de Octubre-S and the lowest activity was obtained for the reference population (102.69 and 54.23 pmol per minute per mg of protein respectively). Two out of the three sylvatic populations (Veinte de Octubre-S and Kirus Mayu-S) exhibited significantly higher glutathione S-transferase activity than that of the reference population. Based on this analysis of the natural susceptibility of this organism to organophosphate insecticides, continental and focal surveys of organophosphate susceptibility should be conducted to evaluate the evolution and distribution of this phenomenon.

Lengua aragonesa : Historia y situación actual

Resumen sobre ecología de las lenguas, historia de la lengua aragonesa y su situación actual.

Historia natural de la oclusión aguda de gran arteria de la circulación cerebral anterior: serie clínica de 120 pacientes.

: Para estudiar la historia natural del ictus isquémico por oclusión de gran vaso de la circulación anterior se seleccionó una muestra prospectiva de pacientes con ictus agudo que no recibieron terapias de reperfusión en los que se confirmó una oclusión de gran vaso de la circulación anterior mediante Dúplex transcraneal. El 74% de los pacientes tuvo mal pronóstico. Los pacientes con oclusión de la a.carótida interna terminal y de la a.cerebral media proximal tuvieron peor pronóstico funcional y mayor porcentaje de mortalidad a los tres meses que los pacientes con oclusión de la a.cerebral media distal.

Historia morbi atrocis--deux nouveaux cas de ruptures spontanées de l'oesophage (syndrome de Boerhaave) [Historia morbi atrocis--2 new cases of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave syndrome)].]

We report the case of two patients hospitalized within a few weeks of each other and both presenting with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus whose evolution proved fatal. We take the opportunity of drawing attention to this rare and challenging disease, which is often diagnosed too late.

Luciani historia vera, à Burgundiae Duce, Ludovici XIV. nepote, latinè conversa.

Versaliis in bibliothecam regiam illatus

Historia de Vida de Andrés Díaz de Rábago S.J. (1947-1957): O cómo la Guerra Civil China cambió la estructura de la Compañía de Jesús en Asia.

Peer-reviewed

Historia antiqua, hoc est : Myrsili Lesbii liber de Origine Italiae et Tyrrhenorum. M. Porcii Catonis Fragmenta ex libris Originum. Archilochi liber de Temporibus. Berosi Babylonii Antiquitatum lib. V. Manethonis Aegyptii liber de Regibus Aegyptiorum. Metasthenes Persa, de Judicio temporum. Xenophon, de Aequivocis. Q. Fabius Pictor, de Aureo saeculo et de origine urbis Romae, ejusque descriptione. C. Sempronius, de Divisione Italiae. Philonis Judaei Antiquitatum biblicarum liber. Accessit censura Gasperis Varrerii in Berosum...

Comprend : Censura in quendam auctorem, qui sub falsa inscripsione Berosi Chaldaei circumfertur, Gaspare Varrerio auctore

¿Cuando los deseos no lo son todo? Hacienda Pública en Bolivia, 1882-2007

El presente trabajo pretende un análisid de la intervención estatal en Bolivia a través de la hacienda pública. El trabajo supone un avance respecto a anteriores estudios por dos motivos. Por un lado, porque presenta un horizonte temporal de análisis mucho más amplio: se inicia en el último cuarto de siglo XIX y llega hasta la actualidad. Por otro lado, porque presenta evidencia cuantitativa totalmente inédita: una estimación de los ingresos y gastos fiscales del Estado Central desagregados de acuerdo a parámetros internacionales.