Forecasting the maximum compensation offer in the automobile BI claims negotiation process

Most motor bodily injury (BI) claims are settled by negotiation, with fewer than 5% of cases going to court. A well-defined negotiation strategy is thus very useful for insurance companies. In this paper we assume that the monetary compensation awarded in court is the upper amount to be offered by the insurer in the negotiation process. Using a real database, a log-linear model is implemented to estimate the maximal offer. Non-spherical disturbances are detected. Correlation occurs when various claims are settled in the same judicial verdict. Group wise heteroscedasticity is due to the influence of the forensic valuation on the final compensation amount. An alternative approximation based on generalized inference theory is applied to estimate confidence intervals on variance components, since classical interval estimates may be unreliable for datasets with unbalanced structures.

Control del pes per a les entrades/sortides de vehicles amb matèria primera

S'ha optat per la utilització de la tecnologia .NET per desenvolupar un projecte que s'instal·larà a tots els centres de producció del Grup Lecta, la funció més important del qual serà el control d'entrades/sortides i pesatge dels vehicles que abasteixen, principalment de matèria primera així com d'altres productes, a cadascuna de les fàbriques del grup.

Market of biomass fuels in Finland : IEA Bioenergy Task 40 and EUBIONET III - Country report of Finland 2009

This study considered the current situation of solid and liquid biomass fuels in Finland. The fact that industry consumes more than half of the total primary energy, widely applied combined heat and power production and a high share of solid biomass fuels in the total energy consumption are specific to the Finnish energy system. Wood is the most important source of bioenergy in Finland, representing 20% of the total energy consumption in 2007. Almost 80% of the woodbased energy is recovered from industrial by-products and residues. As a member of the European Union, Finland has committed itself to the Union’s climate and energy targets, such as reducing its overall emissions of green house gases to at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020, and increasing the share of renewable energy in the gross final consumption. The renewable energy target approved for Finland is 38%. The present National Climate and Energy Strategy was introduced in November 2008. The strategy covers climate and energy policy measures up to 2020, and in brief thereafter, up to 2050. In recent years, the actual emissions have exceeded the Kyoto commitment and the trend of emissions is on the increase. In 2007, the share of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption was approximately 25% (360 PJ). Without new energy policy measures, the final consumption of renewable energy would increase to 380 PJ, which would be approximately only 31% of the final energy consumption. In addition, green house gas emissions would exceed the 1990 levels by 20%. Meeting the targets will need the adoption of more active energy policy measures in coming years. The international trade of biomass fuels has a substantial importance for the utilisation of bioenergy in Finland. In 2007, the total international trading of solid and liquid biomass fuels was approximately 77 PJ, of which import was 62 PJ. Most of the import is indirect and takes place within the forest industry’s raw wood imports. In 2007, as much as 21% of wood energy was based on foreign-origin wood. Wood pellets and tall oil form the majority of export streams of biomass fuels. The indirect import of wood fuels peaked in 2006 to 61 PJ. The foreseeable decline in raw wood import to Finland will decrease the indirect import of wood fuels. In 2004– 2007, the direct trade of solid and liquid biomass fuels has been on a moderate growth path. In 2007, the import of palm oil and export of bio-diesel emerged, as a large, 170 000 t/yr biodiesel plant came into operation in Porvoo.

Energy intensity in road freight transport of heavy goods vehicles in Spain

This paper examines the factors that have influenced the energy intensity of the Spanish road freight transport of heavy goods vehicles over the period 1996–2012. This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the factors behind the energy intensity change of road freight and also to inform the design of measures to improve energy efficiency in road freight transport. The paper uses both annual single-period and chained multi-period multiplicative LMDI-II decomposition analysis. The results suggest that the decrease in the energy intensity of Spanish road freight in the period is explained by the change in the real energy intensity index (lower energy consumption per tonne-kilometre transported), which is partially offset by the behaviour of the structural index (greater share in freight transport of those commodities the transportation of which is more energy intensive). The change in energy intensity is analysed in more depth by quantifying the contribution of each commodity through the attribution of changes in Divisia indices.

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1887/06/01 (A1,N4).

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1887/04/15 (A1).

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1887/06/15 (A1,N5).

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1887/09/15 (A1,N11).

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1888/04/01 (A2,N23)-1888/04/15.

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1888/04/15 (A2,N24)-1888/04/30.

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1888/07/15 (A2,N30)-1888/07/31.

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1887/11/15 (A1,N15).

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1887/12/01 (A1,N16).

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1888/09/01 (A2,N33)-1888/09/15.

Les Chantiers de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 : revue bi-mensuelle du commerce et des industries se rattachant à l'Exposition

1888/02/15 (A1,N19).