Latin 16530

Contient : I De dilatatione sermonum ; Pharetra (5v) ; B. Bernardi meditationes (129) ; Bernardus, de precepto et dispensatione (140v) ; Sermones (173) ; II Hugo de S. Victore, de anima Christi, etc

Italy's Path to Very Low Fertility : The Adequacy of Economic and Second Demographic Transition Theories

The deep drop of the fertility rate in Italy to among the lowest in the world challenges contemporary theories of childbearing and family building. Among high-income countries, Italy was presumed to have characteristics of family values and female labor force participation that would favor higher fertility than its European neighbors to the north. We test competing economic and cultural explanations, drawing on new nationally representative, longitudinal data to examine first union, first birth, and second birth. Our event history analysis finds some support for economic determinants of family formation and fertility, but the clear importance of regional differences and of secularization suggests that such an explanation is at best incomplete and that cultural and ideational factors must be considered.

Componentes da síndrome metabólica na hipertensão arterial

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e comparar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica entre hipertensos e normotensos. Os aspectos adotados para a definição de síndrome metabólica foram os definidos pelo National Cholesterol Education Program/Adults Treatment Painel (NCEP-ATP III). Os dados referentes aos perfis clínicos e bioquímicos foram processados no programa SPSS para cálculo de frequências absolutas e porcentagens. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student para comparações das médias, sendo as diferenças consideradas estatisticamente significantes para p<0,05. A amostra foi composta por 93 participantes normotensos e 168 hipertensos. Identificou-se a presença de síndrome metabólica em 60,7% dos hipertensos e 18,3% dos normotensos. Os portadores de hipertensão arterial apresentam diferença significante nos valores de pressão arterial (p<0,001), circunferência abdominal (p<0,001), glicemia (p<0,05) e triglicérides plasmáticos (p<0,05). A frequência dos riscos cardiometabólicos associados à síndrome metabólica é maior na presença de doença hipertensiva.

Starting a Family at Your Parent's House: Multigenerational Households and Below Replacement Fertility in urban Bulgaria

In societies with strong multigenerational links, economic uncertainty results in choosing to stay with one child, sometimes in association with postponement of first births (i.e. Italy) and sometimes in early childbearing (i.e. Bulgaria). The interaction between intergenerational family practices in lowest-low fertility contexts is likely to play a role on differences timing to parenthood. In this paper, we focus on the phenomenon of women who have one child in their early twenties in Bulgaria and do not intend to have a second child. We argue that the key to this process is the persistence of extended multigenerational households in the Bulgarian context and their effect on young couples' fertility decision making. We use semi-structured interview data from the project Fertility Choices in Central and Eastern Europe and ethnographic fieldnotes. The interviews were collected from a sample of 22 couples resident in Sofia and representing different permutations of educational level, marital status and number of children (0 or 1). The four-year ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in both rural and urban Bulgaria between 1997 and 2009. Results suggest that as long as the economic situation remains dire, and young Bulgarians hopes for the future remain cynical, multigenerational households represent the accepted practice of entering into parenthood for young families.

Cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus report.

The Committee of the European Concerted Action for Multiple Sclerosis (Charcot Foundation) organised five workshops to discuss CSF analytical standards in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. This consensus report from 12 European countries summarises the results of those workshops. It is hoped that neurologists will confer with their colleagues in clinical chemistry to arrange the best possible local practice. The most sensitive method for the detection of oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands is isoelectric focusing. The same amounts of IgG in parallel CSF and serum samples are used and oligoclonal bands are revealed with IgG specific antibody staining. All laboratories performing isoelectric focusing should check their technique at least annually using "blind" standards for the five different CSF and serum patterns. Quantitative measurements of IgG production in the CNS are less sensitive than isoelectric focusing. The preferred method for detection of blood-CSF barrier dysfunction is the albumin quotient. The CSF albumin or total protein concentrations are less satisfactory. These results must be interpreted with reference to the age of the patient and the local method of determination. Cells should be counted. The normal value is no more than 4 cells/microliters. Among evolving optional tests, measurement of the combined local synthesis of antibodies against measles, rubella, and/or varicella zoster could represent a significant advance if it offers higher specificity (not sensitivity) for identifying chronic rather than acute inflammation. Other tests that may have useful correlations with clinical indices include those for oligoclonal free light chains, IgM, IgA, or myelin basic protein concentrations.

Molecular basis of coagulation factor V deficiency caused by the R1698W inter-domain mutation.

Coagulation factor V (FV) deficiency is characterised by variable bleeding phenotypes and heterogeneous mutations. To add new insights into the FV genotype-phenotype relationship, we characterised the R1698W change in the A3 domain, at the poorly investigated interface with the A2 domain. The FV R1698W mutation was responsible for a markedly reduced expression level (10% of FV-WT) and specific activity in thrombin generation (0.39). Interestingly, the FVa1698W showed rapid activity decay upon activation due to increased dissociation rate between the heavy and light chains. The importance of the size and charge of the residue at position 1698 was investigated by three additional recombinant mutants, FVR1698A, FVR1698Q, and FVR1698E. FVR1698A and FVR1698Q expression (30 and 45% of FV-WT), specific activity (both 0.57) and stability were all reduced. Noticeably, FVR1698E showed normal activity and stability despite poor expression (10% of FV-WT). These data indicate the essential role of R1698 for normal biosynthetic process and support local flexibility for positively or negatively charged residues to produce stable and functional A3-A2 domain interactions. Their experimental alteration produces a gradient of FV defects, which help to interpret the wide spectrum of phenotypes in FV-deficient patients.

Estimativa da acidez potencial pelo pH SMP em solos do semi-árido do Nordeste brasileiro

Neste estudo avaliou-se a relação entre o teor de H + Al e o pH SMP, visando estabelecer uma equação para estimar a acidez potencial de solos do Semi-Árido do Nordeste Brasileiro. As análises dos teores de H + Al e dos valores de pH SMP foram realizadas em 81 amostras de solo, variando os teores de carbono de 1,8 a 35,6 g kg-1 e os de argila de 60 a 590 g kg-1. Os resultados demonstraram que a acidez potencial dessas amostras de solo, expressa em mmol c dm-3, pode ser estimada pelo valor do pH em solução tampão SMP, por meio da equação de regressão: H + Al = 31,521 (pH SMP)² - 451,61 pH SMP + 1625,3 (R² = 0,87**).

Synchronous and baroceptor-sensitive oscillations in skin microcirculation: evidence for central autonomic control.

To determine whether skin blood flow is local or takes part in general regulatory mechanisms, we recorded laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF; left and right index fingers), blood pressure, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), R-R interval, and respiration in 10 healthy volunteers and 3 subjects after sympathectomy. We evaluated 1) the synchronism of LDF fluctuations in two index fingers, 2) the relationship with autonomically mediated fluctuations in other signals, and 3) the LDF ability to respond to arterial baroreflex stimulation (by neck suction at frequencies from 0.02 to 0.20 Hz), using spectral analysis (autoregressive uni- and bivariate, time-variant algorithms). Synchronous LDF fluctuations were observed in the index fingers of healthy subjects but not in sympathectomized patients. LDF fluctuations were coherent with those obtained for blood pressure, MSNA, and R-R interval. LDF fluctuations were leading blood pressure in the low-frequency (LF; 0.1 Hz) band and lagging in the respiratory, high-frequency (HF; approximately 0.25 Hz) band, suggesting passive "downstream" transmission only for HF and "upstream" transmission for LF from the microvessels. LDF fluctuations were responsive to sinusoidal neck suction up to 0.1 Hz, indicating response to sympathetic modulation. Skin blood flow thus reflects modifications determined by autonomic activity, detectable by frequency analysis of spontaneous fluctuations.

Feminist Perspectives on Motherhood and Reproduction

Motherhood and reproduction have been at the core of the feminist discourse about women's rights ever since its onset. For the first and second feminist movements, the right to abortion and the public recognition of motherhood have been main issues in the discourse on reproduction. Since the last two dec- ades of the 20th century, the potentials of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have opened up new venues of feminist discourse.In this paper we sketch the main feminist lines of argumentation regarding motherhood and reproduction since the 1970s, and we identify specific shifts in their recurrent issues. We argue that an essential contribution of feminism to the understanding of motherhood as a structuring category has been its insis- tence on the distinction between biological and social motherhood. Feminist discourse shows how ART has further decomposed biological motherhood and has altered the meaning of motherhood and reproduction. Feminist analysis maintains that despite the rhetoric of choice surrounding ART, these technolo- gies have not increased women's reproductive freedom. The decomposition of biological motherhood, the medical, legal, and commercial development of re- production, and the change in the social perception of motherhood have rather established new forms of control over female reproduction.

Diferenciação de genótipos de trigo quanto à tolerância à deficiência de fósforo, em solução hidropônica

O P é um dos elementos mais críticos para a produção agrícola, pois, além de sua grande importância para as plantas, sua disponibilidade é cada vez mais limitada em virtude da progressiva escassez das suas jazidas. A diferenciação de genótipos quanto à tolerância à deficiência de P permite investigar os mecanismos atuantes e o desenvolvimento de genótipos que combinem diferentes mecanismos, aumentando o nível de tolerância. O objetivo deste trabalho foi diferenciar, em solução hidropônica, genótipos de trigo contrastantes quanto à tolerância à deficiência de P. Foram realizados três estudos. No primeiro, avaliou-se o efeito da retirada do endosperma na resposta de plântulas à limitação de P. No segundo estudo, foram avaliadas características de plântulas, submetidas a diferentes doses de P, dos cultivares Anahuac, sensível, e Toropi, tolerante. No terceiro estudo, foram avaliadas cinco linhagens recombinantes do cruzamento entre Toropi e Anahuac. A remoção do endosperma da semente é necessária para diferenciar genótipos quanto à tolerância à deficiência de P em solução nutritiva, aos 10 dias da germinação. A diferenciação de genótipos é feita pelo cálculo da razão entre a concentração de fosfato livre (Pi) na parte aérea obtida nas doses de 10 e de 1.000 µmol L-1 de P, ficando, nos genótipos tolerantes, essa razão próxima de 1,0 e, nos sensíveis, próxima de 0,5. As quantidades de Pi na parte aérea ou total na plântula também podem ser utilizadas. O cultivar Toropi e os genótipos NYW 865-016, NYW 865-081 e NYW 865-086 são mais tolerantes à deficiência de P em solução nutritiva, quando comparados aos do cultivar Anahuac e aos genótipos NYW 865-084 e NYW 865-073. A tolerância de Toropi nas condições avaliadas não se deve ao volume do sistema radicular, mas possivelmente a fatores relacionados com o transporte e uso de Pi internamente.

Dry matter production and nutrient accumulation after successive crops of lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogongrass in a substrate with zeolite

Zeolites are hydrated crystalline aluminosilicate minerals of natural occurrence, structured in rigid third dimension net that can be used as slow release plant-nutrient source. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant growth substrate under zeolite application, enriched with N, P and K, on dry matter yield and on nutrient contents in consecutive crops of lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogon grass. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with 3 kg pots with an inert substrate, evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of four types of enrichment of concentrated natural zeolite: concentrated zeolite (Z) only, zeolite + KNO3 (ZNK), zeolite + K2HPO4 (ZPK) and zeolite + H3PO4 + apatite (ZP), and a control grown in substrate fertilized with a zeolite-free nutrient solution. Four levels of enriched zeolite were tested: 20, 40, 80, and 160 g/pot. Four successive crops were grown on the same substrate in each pot: lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogon grass. Results indicated that N, P and K enriched zeolite was an adequate slow-release nutrient source for plants. The total dry matter production of above-ground biomass of four successive crops followed a descending order: ZP > ZPK > ZNK > Z.

Uso de ICP OES e titrimetria para a determinação de cálcio, magnésio e alumínio em amostras de solos

O crescente interesse dos laboratórios brasileiros de análise de fertilidade de solos pela espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) em detrimento da técnica de titrimetria deve-se à possibilidade da determinação simultânea de diferentes metais em uma ampla faixa de concentrações em extratos de interesse agronômico. Este estudo compara a precisão, reprodutibilidade e exatidão das duas técnicas de determinação de Ca, Mg e Al trocáveis extraídos com KCl 1 mol L-1 em amostras de solos. Foram analisadas 15 amostras de solos de referência, sendo três deles selecionados para avaliar a precisão e a reprodutibilidade das técnicas de determinação. A titrimetria e o ICP OES forneceram resultados mais reprodutíveis e precisos para a determinação de Ca, Mg e Al quando o extrato foi analisado sem diluição. As técnicas de determinação diferiram estatisticamente (p < 0,05) pelo teste de identidade aplicado para comparação dos resultados de Ca, Mg e Al. Nas condições testadas, não se recomenda o uso de ICP OES para as determinações de Ca, Mg e Al trocáveis em amostras de solos.