American Indians of the Southwest

Recorded in Indian communities by Willard Rhodes, with the cooperation of the United States Office of Indian Affairs.

Proyecto DIL-D: Grado de Desarrollo de políticas y estrategias de Integración Laboral de las personas con Discapacidad en las organizaciones que operan en territorio nacional. Informe de investigación Resultados del primer año

El presente informe expone los principales resultados alcanzados en el primer año de andadura de la Cátedra UB – Fundación Adecco para la Integración Laboral de Personas con Discapacidad (http://www.ub.edu/catedrainlab/). Esta Cátedra parte de la necesidad de analizar y evaluar el impacto que tiene en las empresas una estrategia de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC)1 orientada a la integración laboral de las personas con discapacidad, en la calidad de vida laboral y en los niveles de efectividad organizacional.

Proyecto EFO+CVL: Influencia del desarrollo de políticas y estrategias de integración laboral de las personas con discapacidad en la efectividad organizativa (EfO) y la calidad de vida laboral (CVL). Informe de investigación Resultados del segundo año

El presente informe tiene por objeto exponer los resultados correspondientes al segundo año de andadura de la Cátedra UB – Fundación Adecco para la Integración Laboral de Personas con Discapacidad (http://www.ub.edu/catedrainlab/).

Data mining and mall users profile

Marketing scholars have suggested a need for more empirical research on consumer response to malls, in order to have a better understanding of the variables that explain the behavior of the consumers. The segmentation methodology CHAID (Chi-square automatic interaction detection) was used in order to identify the profiles of consumers with regard to their activities at malls, on the basis of socio-demographic variables and behavioral variables (how and with whom they go to the malls). A sample of 790 subjects answered an online questionnaire. The CHAID analysis of the results was used to identify the profiles of consumers with regard to their activities at malls. In the set of variables analyzed the transport used in order to go shopping and the frequency of visits to centers are the main predictors of behavior in malls. The results provide guidelines for the development of effective strategies to attract consumers to malls and retain them there.

Kannettavan kaasuilmaisimen suunnittelu ja toteutus

Työn tarkoituksena on suunnitella ja toteuttaa kannettava kaasuilmaisin, joka soveltuu erityisesti tavallisen kuluttajan tarpeisiin. Kaasuilmaisin on herkkä haihtuville palaville kaasuille, sekä orgaanisille kaasuille. Työssä käytetään Atmelin ATMega164P- mikrokontrolleria, piirin ohjelmointiin käytetään AVR-ISP-II, ja kehitystyökaluina AVRStudio 4:ää. Piirilevy on suunniteltu Cadsoftin Eagle- piirieditorilla. Työssä käydään läpi kokonaisvaltainen sulautetun järjestelmän suunnitteluprosessi, tuotteen spesifikaatioiden määrityksistä aina valmiin fyysisen tuotteen valmistuttamiseen asti. Tuote suunnitellaan Environics Oy:lle.

Ainutkertainen kotkamies

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Venäjän rynnäkkökonekaluston kehitykseen vaikuttaneet tekijät toisen maailmansodan jälkeen

Pro Graduni aihe ja samalla päätutkimusongelma on tutkia Venäjän rynnäkkökonekaluston kehitykseen vaikuttaneita tekijöitä toisen maailmansodan jälkeen. Alaongelmina on mitkä seikat ovat olleet keskeisiä tekijöitä koneita suunniteltaessa, ohjasiko kehitystä enemmän lännessä tapahtunut kehitys vai omat innovaatiot ja miten rynnäkkökoneet ovat kehittyneet. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytin kvalitatiivista grouded theory- menetelmää. Venäjä on kehittänyt ilmavoimiaan rajusti toisesta maailmansodasta lähtien. Kuitenkin kaikki suuret tekniset läpimurrot tehtiin muissa maissa ennen Neuvostoliittoa. Heti sodan jälkeen Neuvostoliitto alkoi kuroa lännen etumatkaa kiinni suihkumoottoriteknologiassa. Tässä auttoivat Saksasta ja briteiltä saadut moottorit. Suihkumoottori nosti sotilasilmailun aivan uudelle tasolle kun käytettävissä oleva korkeus- ja nopeusalue kasvoi huomattavasti. Suihkumoottorit toivat mukanaan myös ongelmia. Nopeudet lentoonlähdössä ja laskussa sekä tarvittavat kiitotiepituudet kasvoivat rajusti. Myös koneiden toiminta-ajat olivat varsin vaatimattomia verrattuna potkurikoneisiin. Ratkaisua etsittiin ja se löydettiin kääntyvistä siivistä. Tämäkin läpimurto keksittiin lännessä ennen Neuvostoliittoa. Kääntyvät siivet tulivat kolmannen sukupolven koneisiin ja niiden avulla nopeudet onnistuttiin pitämään alhaisina lennon kriittisissä vaiheissa. Myös neljännen sukupolven koneet tulivat Yhdysvalloissa käyttöön ennen Neuvostoliittoa. Tämän sukupolven koneissa pystyttiin yhdistämään entistä tehokkaammin useita ominaisuuksia ja myös kääntyvistä siivistä voitiin luopua. Vaikka Neuvostoliitto oli sotilasilmailun suurvalta, se kulki kuitenkin toisen maailmansodan jälkeen lähes koko ajan teknisesti vähän länsimaita jäljessä. Länsimaiden, etenkin Yhdysvaltojen, konetyypit ohjasivat jossain määrin Neuvostoliiton tulevia konetyyppejä. Hyvinä esimerkkeinä tästä on A-10 Thuderbolt vs Su-25 frogfoot, F-111 Aardvark vs Su-24 Fencer, F-16 Falcon vs Mig-29 Fullcrum ja F-15 Eagle vs Su-27 Flanker. Vaikka kyseiset Neuvostoliiton koneet eivät olleet mitään suoria kopioita amerikkalaisista vastineista, yhtäläisyyksiäkin on paljon. Pitää ottaa huomioon, että myös Yhdysvallat seurasi Neuvostoliitossa tapahtuvaa konekehitystä ja Neuvostoliiton koneet vaikuttivat Yhdysvaltojen konesuunnitteluun. Hyvä esimerkki tästä oli, kun yhdysvaltalaiset suunnittelivat F-15-koneen vastineeksi MiG-25:lle, jonka suorituskyvyn he yliarvioivat. Neuvostoliittolaiset puolestaan suunnittelivat Su-27-koneen vastaamaan F-15-koneen tuomaa uhkaa vastaan

Kaikki kotkasta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Yhdysvaltojen Ilmavoimien hävittäjätaktiikka 1980-luvulla

Tutkimus käsittelee Yhdysvaltojen Ilmavoimien 1980-luvun hävittäjätaktiikkaa ja sen tarkoi-tuksena on kuvailla Yhdysvaltojen lentokaluston kehityksen myötä muuttunutta taktiikkaa. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan sekä Vietnamin että Persianlahden sodan aikaisia hävittäjätak-tiikoita, jolloin saadaan kuva taktiikan kehittymisestä. F-15 Eagle ja F-16 Fighting Falcon ovat 1970-luvulla käyttöönotettuja ilmaherruushävittäjiä, jotka korvasivat aikaisemman F-4 Phantom -kaluston. F-117A Nighthawk puolestaan on häiveteknologiaa hyödyntävä lähitulitukikone ja kevyt pommittaja, jonka käyttöönottaminen vuonna 1982 osaltaan vaikutti hävittäjätaktiikan kehittymiseen. Uusien hävittäjien ja ryn-näkkökoneiden lisäksi Yhdysvallat otti 1970-luvun lopulla käyttöönsä AWACS-koneet (Air-borne Warning and Control Systems), jotka toimivat ilmavalvonta- ja taistelunjohtokoneina. AWACS mahdollistaa ilmaoperaatioille välttämättömien elementtien kuten taistelunjohtami-sen ja viestinnän ulottuvuuden moninkertaistamisen. Se on näin ollen erinomainen apuväline ilmaherruuden saavuttamiseen ja säilyttämiseen. Tutkimus on kvalitatiivinen teoreettinen tutkimus, jonka aineisto koostuu pääasiassa alan artikkeleista ja kirjallisuudesta. Näin ollen työssä pääasiallisesti käytetty tutkimusmenetelmä on asiakirja- ja kirjallisuustutkimus. Päällimmäisenä tiedonhankintamenetelmänä puolestaan on käytetty aiheen historiallisen luonteen vuoksi lähdekritiikkiä, jonka keinoin tutkimuksen rakentaminen on ollut mahdollista luotettaviksi todettujen lähteiden pohjalta.

Effect of conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells on the in vitro maturation and subsequent development of mouse oocyte

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete a variety of cytokines and growth factors in addition to self-renewal and multiple forms of differentiation. Some of these secreted bioactive factors could improve meiotic maturation in vitro and subsequent embryo developmental potential. The aim of the present study was to determine whether in vitro maturation (IVM) of mouse oocyte with or without cumulus cells could be improved by contact with conditioned medium (CM) of MSCs as well as the efficiency of CM to support follicular growth and oocyte maturation in the ovarian organ of mice cultured on soft agar. The developmental potential of matured oocyte was assessed by blastocyst formation after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Germinal vesicle stage oocytes with or without cumulus cells were subjected to IVM in either CM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM) or human tubal fluid (HTF). Approximately 120 oocytes were studied for each medium. CM produced a higher maturation rate (91.2%) than DMEM (54.7%), α-MEM (63.5%) and HTF (27.1%). Moreover, CM improved embryo development to blastocyst stage significantly more than DMEM and HTF (85 vs 7% and 41.7%, respectively) but there was no significant difference compared with α-MEM (85 vs 80.3%). The behavior of cortical granules of IVM oocytes cultured in CM revealed cytoplasmic maturation. Moreover, CM also supported preantral follicles growth well in organotypic culture on soft agar resulting in the maturation of 60% of them to developmentally competent oocytes. The production of estrogen progressively increased approximately 1-fold every other day during organ culture, while a dramatic 10-fold increase in progesterone was observed 17 h after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulus at the end of culture. Thus, CM is an effective medium for preantral follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and sequential embryo development.

Bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

There has been concern regarding the use of controversial paradigms for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to manage treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of bilateral rTMS compared with unilateral and sham rTMS in patients with TRD. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EAGLE and NTIS databases were searched to identify relevant studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on bilateral rTMS for TRD patients were included. The response was defined as the primary outcome, and remission was the secondary outcome. Ten RCTs that included 634 patients met the eligibility criteria. The risk ratio (RRs) of both the primary and secondary outcomes of bilateral rTMS showed non-significant increases compared to unilateral rTMS (RR=1.01, P=0.93; odds ratio [OR]=0.77, P=0.22). Notably, the RR of the primary bilateral rTMS outcome was significantly increased compared to that for sham rTMS (RR=3.43, P=0.0004). The results of our analysis demonstrated that bilateral rTMS was significantly more effective than sham rTMS but not unilateral rTMS in patients with TRD. Thus, bilateral rTMS may not be a useful paradigm for patients with TRD.

Trophic cascades in boreal landscapes: top predator protection on tree seedlings and forest grouse

Changes in the abundance of top predators have brought about notable, cascading effects in ecosystems around the world. In this thesis, I examined several potential trophic cascades in boreal ecosystems, and their separate interspecific interactions. The main aim of the thesis was to investigate whether predators in the boreal forests have direct or indirect cascading effects on the lower trophic levels. First, I compared the browsing effects of different mammalian herbivores by excluding varying combinations of voles, hares and cervids from accessing the seedlings of silver birch (Betula pendula), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). Additionally, I studied the effect of simulated predation risk on vole browsing by using auditory cues of owls. Moving upwards on the trophic levels, I examined the intraguild interactions between the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), and its mesopredator prey, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the pine marten (Martes martes). To look at an entire potential trophic cascade, I further studied the combined impacts of eagles and mesopredators on the black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) and the hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia), predicting that the shared forest grouse prey would benefit from eagle presence. From the tree species studied, birch appears to be the most palatable one for the mammalian herbivores. I observed growth reductions in the presences of cervids and low survival associated with hares and voles, which suggests that they all weaken regeneration in birch stands. Furthermore, the simulated owl predation risk appeared to reduce vole browsing on birches in late summer, although the preferred grass forage is then old and less palatable. Browsing by voles and hares had a negative effect on the condition and survival of Scots pine, but in contrast, the impact of mammalian herbivores on spruce was found to be small, at least when more preferred food is available. I observed that the presence of golden eagles had a negative effect on the abundance of adult black grouse but a positive, protective effect on the proportion of juveniles in both black grouse and hazel grouse. Yet, this positive effect was not dependent on the abundance foxes or martens, nor did eagles seem to effectively decrease the abundance of these mesopredators. Conversely, the protection effect on grouse could arise from fear effects and also be mediated by other mesopredators. The results of this thesis provide important new information about trophic interactions in the boreal food webs. They highlight how different groups of mammalian herbivores vary in their effects on the growth and condition of different tree seedlings. Lowered cervid abundances could improve birch regeneration, which indirectly supports the idea that the key predators of cervids could cause cascading effects also in Fennoscandian forests. Owls seem to reduce vole browsing through an intimidation effect, which is a novel result of the cascading effects of owl vocalisation and could even have applications for protecting birch seedlings. In the third cascade examined in this thesis, I found the golden eagle to have a protective effect on the reproducing forest grouse, but it remains unclear through which smaller predators this effect is mediated. Overall, the results of this thesis further support the idea that there are cascading effects in the forests of Northern Europe, and that they are triggered by both direct and non‐lethal effects of predation.

Brock University Coat of Arms

The armorial bearings for Brock University, or more simply the University Coat of Arms, or crest, was designed in a large part by Presdent Gibson, assisted by other members of the Board of Governors (A preliminary design can be seen here). The Coat of Arms was granted to Brock University on March 17th, 1965. The Coat of Arms consist of an eagle, taken from General Brock’s own arms, displayed against a scarlet background - one of the official colours of Brock University. Immediately above it on a chief argent is displayed a maple-leaf (for Canada), a scallop shell (from the Lincoln and Welland regiment), and a trillium (for the province of Ontario). An open book fronts the eagle representing learning and knowledge. The crest itself is made up of a torch symbolizing learning, surrounded by a serpent for wisdom, with two calumet or North American pipes of peace, to symbolize Canada, friendship and agreement. The supporters consist of a beaver on the dexter side, emblematic of Canada and representing work and industry in learning. On the sinister side, a brock or badger (also in commemoration of General Brock) represents tenacity of purpose. The motto 'Surgite' is visible just below the arms.

Office of the City Clerk, St. Catharines Records, 1928-1974, n.d.

The site of present-day St. Catharines was settled by 3000 United Empire Loyalists at the end of the 18th century. From 1790, the settlement (then known as "The Twelve") grew as an agricultural community. St. Catharines was once referred to Shipman's Corners after Paul Shipman, owner of a tavern that was an important stagecoach transfer point. In 1815, leading businessman William Hamilton Merritt abandoned his wharf at Queenston and set up another at Shipman's Corners. He became involved in the construction and operation of several lumber and gristmills along Twelve Mile Creek. Shipman's Corners soon became the principal milling site of the eastern Niagara Peninsula. At about the same time, Merritt began to develop the salt springs that were discovered along the river which subsequently gave the village a reputation as a health resort. By this time St. Catharines was the official name of the village; the origin of the name remains obscure, but is thought to be named after Catharine Askin Robertson Hamilton, wife of the Hon. Robert Hamilton, a prominent businessman. Merritt devised a canal scheme from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario that would provide a more reliable water supply for the mills while at the same time function as a canal. He formed the Welland Canal Company, and construction took place from 1824 to 1829. The canal and the mills made St. Catharines the most important industrial centre in Niagara. By 1845, St. Catharines was incorporated as a town, with the town limits extending in 1854. Administrative and political functions were added to St. Catharines in 1862 when it became the county seat of Lincoln. In 1871, construction began on the third Welland Canal, which attracted additional population to the town. As a consequence of continual growth, the town limits were again extended. St. Catharines attained city status in 1876 with its larger population and area. Manufacturing became increasingly important in St. Catharines in the early 1900s with the abundance of hydro-electric power, and its location on important land and water routes. The large increase in population after the 1900s was mainly due to the continued industrialization and urbanization of the northern part of the city and the related expansion of business activity. The fourth Welland Canal was opened in 1932 as the third canal could no longer accommodate the larger ships. The post war years and the automobile brought great change to the urban form of St. Catharines. St. Catharines began to spread its boundaries in all directions with land being added five times during the 1950s. The Town of Merritton, Village of Port Dalhousie and Grantham Township were all incorporated as part of St. Catharines in 1961. In 1970 the Province of Ontario implemented a regional approach to deal with such issues as planning, pollution, transportation and services. As a result, Louth Township on the west side of the city was amalgamated, extending the city's boundary to Fifteen Mile Creek. With its current population of 131,989, St. Catharines has become the dominant centre of the Niagara region. Source: City of St. Catharines website http://www.stcatharines.ca/en/governin/HistoryOfTheCity.asp (January 27, 2011)

Second Welland Canal - Book 3, Survey Map 13 - Village of Welland - Merrittville and Crowland

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the township of Crowland as well as the Village of Welland-Merritville. Identified structures associated with the Canal include Old Canal, old towing path, water way, bridge, culvert, covered drain, drain, and towing path. Surveyor measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks include E. Seeley's store, W.A. Bald's store, barn, and two ponds. Roads parallel to Canal include the old towing road, towing path, Canal Street, road to Welland_lle, and road to Junction. Roads perpendicular to Canal include Road Allowance between the 5th and 6th Concession, Division Street, Road to Narrows. Properties and property owners are noted as W.A. Bald, E. Seeley, John Price, Eli Mead, Jacob Griffith, John Hellems. Lots noted are: Lots Number 25, 26, 5th Concession.