741 resultados para Aterro Sanitário


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The current technological development made by the absorption refrigeration system is an economic and ambient alternative in comparison to the vapor cycle, possessing an advantage that uses thermal energy that is less noble. Chillers of absorption are used widely in the air conditioned industries, because they can be set in motion through hot water vapors that burn natural gas, solar energy, biomasses amongst others instead of electricity. These systems allow it to reduce the tips of electric demand and balance the rocking of energy demand. This work has had a main objective to simulate a absorption refrigeration cycle with lithium-water bromide solution using biogas of sanitary landfill, and mixtures of this with natural gas. These results shown to the energy viability of the system burning biogas and its mixtures with natural gas in the generator, when compared with equipments that uses traditional fuels (natural gas, oil diesel, amongst others), for operation the commercial chillers with 15 kW of the refrigeration capacity and temperature of the water in the entrance of 14°C and the exit of 7°C.

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Landfill is an engineering work that aims at to accommodate residues in the smallest possible space in the soil, with minimum damages to the environment and the public health. One in the constructive forms of a controlled landfill is the excavation of ditches with appropriate dimensions, for disposition of solid residues without compactation or impermeabilization. Liquid effluents generated for similar volumes of residues, disposed in ditches with ages different from closing, it should result in physical and chemical alterations you correlated at the time of residence materials. With base in this hypothesis, measures of electric resistivity were accomplished through the of Eletrical Resistivity geophysical method, on residues ditches closed annually between 12/2001 and 12/2007, localized in control landfill of the Cordeirópolis city (SP). The leachate is a liquid effluent generated by the decomposition of organic matter and characterized by high content in total dissolved solids, whose interaction with geological environment results in alterations in terms of electrical resistivity susceptible to detection for the geophysical instrumental. The results suggest a resistivity reduction for leachate percolation produced for ditches recently and increase progressive of the resistivity for older ditches. The statistical comparative analysis with reference values for the area suggests ages of the finish production and percolation leachate for soil and rock below the ditches.

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Several factors have contributed to the increase the world production of urban solid waste, resulting in difficulties to the correct management and the final environmentally appropriate disposal, in addition to causing serious socio-economic, environmental, and public health troubles. The soil and groundwater contamination by leachate in waste disposal sites is almost always present, leveraging the emergence and/or adaptation of methodologies for environmental assessment of these areas. The geophysical methods, especially the electrical resistivity method, are fast, reliable and low-cost alternative for this purpose. This paper reports the methodology adopted for the temporal monitoring of the plume of contamination of controlled landfill in the municipality of Rio Claro (SP). Electrical resistivity data were obtained in 1999 and 2008, by the resistivity method, using the techniques of vertical electrical sounding and electrical profile. In both years, similar tests were carried out in the same locations within the disposal area. The results indicated that the plume of contamination has resistivity values less than or equal to 50 ohm.m and moves guided by 2 flows: the main, to the southeast, and the secondary, to the west. Relatively to the first series of tests in 1999, the plume of contamination was higher and deeper in 2008, contrary to what was expected for a landfill deactivated for at least 10 years.

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The disposal of solid waste can create environmental problems, in addition to the potential risk of instability even in planned geotechnical works, such as provisions in stacks or high ends of the landfill, because they represent mere adjustments in civil engineering works. The Leme city, SP, generates about 35 t/day of municipal waste, that are deposited in a landfill located in the Barro Preto neighborhood. This work conducted a geophysical survey, based on geotechnical instability evidence in area, for analysis of the conditioners that cause on the sides leachate resurgence landfill and its relationship to mass movements and ravines installation in cover soil, with consequent waste exposure. The results indicate horizons of low resistivity connected with resurgence points generated by the organic matter decomposition contained in the waste. Such horizons result in leachate concentration in some places, which, in turn, may lead to loss of cohesion of the materials constituting the residues mass. The results are areas with mass flow by rotational movements, which, together with the surface flow of rainwater, evolves into ravines and exposed residues, preferably at the resurgence point. The leachate flow on the surface affects areas beyond the limits at landfill with direct impact on local agriculture and risk to pedestrians using the highway bordered by the landfill beyond the soil and the local aquifer.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB

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Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Este estudo aborda o panorama histórico da institucionalização do abastecimento de água e do esgotamento sanitário no Brasil, com foco na evolução recente dos investimentos no setor e na gestão dos serviços. Abrange a discussão de alguns elementos envolvidos na institucionalização do saneamento no Brasil, por meio de seus instrumentos legais, políticos, de planejamento e execução das ações. É dada maior ênfase à discussão da gestão, prestação e financiamento, na perspectiva dos novos marcos legais e nas oportunidades advindas da Política Nacional de Saneamento no Brasil. Esta discussão norteou a elaboração de um prognóstico para o atendimento por abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário para os próximos 20 anos.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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São propostas concepções para subsidiar o planejamento da ampliação da coleta, tratamento e destino final de esgoto no município de Belém, mais especificamente na área de maior densidade populacional, que apresenta 1.143.946 habitantes e baixo índice de atendimento com Sistema de Esgotamento Sanitário (SES). Para isso, são necessárias ações voltadas à expansão dessa infra-estrutura, o que deve ocorrer de forma sustentável, eficiente, integrada e planejada. No trabalho são analisados estudos e projetos anteriormente realizados na área em questão, diagnosticado o SES existente, elaborada a projeção populacional no período de 2005-2025 e calculada a demanda de esgoto nos próximos 20 anos, para, então, serem formuladas as alternativas de concepção. As 6 (seis) alternativas de concepção são fundamentadas na descentralização progressiva do SES, apresentando variações no número de Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto - ETEs e nas características de coleta e transposição de esgoto sanitário entre as bacias de esgotamento e de localização das ETEs. A melhor alternativa foi a de número 3 (três), que apresenta tratamento de esgoto o mais próximo do local de geração. O trabalho pretende contribuir na tomada de decisão para ampliação do SES no Município de Belém.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)