Análise sísmica de construções históricas

As construções históricas, em particular os monumentos, apresentam uma elevada importância para as sociedades, que faz com que sejam associadas a uma determinada identidade cultural. É reconhecido internacionalmente que este tipo de edifícios devem ser protegidos para as gerações futuras. Neste sentido, a Carta de Atenas de 1931 e posteriormente a Carta de Veneza (1964) correspondem aos primeiros documentos internacionais que apresentam princípios orientadores para a conservação e restauro de Monumentos e Sítios. Estes documentos originaram movimentos internacionais relevantes e consequentemente fizeram com que vários esforços fossem conduzidos para a conservação e restauro de construções históricas.

Avaliação de medidas para mitigar a retração do betão

Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia de diferentes medidas para mitigar a retração do betão, aferiu se a influência de três diferentes dosagens de cinzas volantes (CV), de um adjuvante redutor de retração (ARR) e de um polí­mero superabsorvente (PSA) na retração total, autogenea e por secagem de betumes. Neste contexto, realizou se uma campanha experimental que consistiu na medição da retração de provetes livres e selados, fabricados com as diferentes composições analisadas. Complementarmente, determinou se a resistência à compressão das mesmas composições. As CV diminui­ram, consideravelmente, a retração total e, de uma forma ainda mais significativa, a retração autogénea, sendo estes efeitos mais notórios com o aumento da sua dosagem. Já na retração por secagem, as CV não surtiram grande efeito. O ARR reduziu todos os tipos de retração avaliados, sendo a autogénea bem menos afetada. O PSA diminuiu todos os tipos de retração, sendo, na retração autogénea, mais eficaz. A composição com 60% de CV foi a mais eficiente na diminuição da retração autogénea e a com ARR foi a mais eficaz na redução da retração por secagem.

Características sedimentares fluviais associadas ao grau de reservação da mata Ciliar - Rio Urumajó, Nordeste Paraense

Os rios são os agentes mais importantes no transporte dos sedimentos para as áreas mais baixas dos continentes e para o mar. Além dos efeitos diretos do clima local, a cobertura vegetal atua no controle da descarga e no suprimento de sedimentos. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho enfoca o padrão de distribuição granulométrica do rio Urumajó (nordeste paraense) em relação ao estado de preservação da mata ciliar. Cinco estações (A-E) foram estabelecidas de forma a registrar um transecto da nascente à foz do rio. Nessas estações, procedeu-se com a caracterização da mata ciliar, bem como do seu grau de preservação. Além disto, elaborou-se um perfil transversal ao canal para cada estação, com coleta de cinco amostras de sedimentos em cada perfil. Estes foram submetidos à análise granulométrica, que resultou na obtenção de valores da média, mediana, seleção, assimetria e curtose. Com os resultados foi possível reconhecer as características sedimentares normais do rio, onde areia média é a principal classe granulométrica transportada. Foram observadas nas estações A e C a clara tendência das amostras serem moderadamente bem selecionadas e aproximadamente simétricas, com dominância absoluta de areia média, o que está diretamente relacionado ao seu bom estado de preservação. Significativas variações granulométricas nas estações B, D e E foram associadas com o processo erosivo das margens do rio, conseqüência da degradação da mata ciliar. Além disso, foi constatada a influência das correntes de maré na sedimentologia da estação E, subsidiando também a delimitação do ambiente estuarino que se encontra associado ao canal fluvial.

Mangrove sedimentary characteristics and implications for crab Ucides cordatus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ucididae) distribution in an estuarine area of the Amazonian region

At the coastal zone sediments, water and organisms interact intensely. At equatorial tidal-dominated coast mangroves are abundant. These areas are well-known for their ecological importance. Considering the mangroves of Atlantic South America, the mangrove crab, Ucides cordatus has ecological and economic prominence. High densities of this crab are found on the Amazon coast. This study investigates the sediment distribution of the Bragança mangrove area (Amazon coast, Brazil) and its correlations with vegetation and mangrove crab distribution. Sediments of 47 sites, as well as crabs from sites with different sediment and vegetation, were sampled. Results show that surface sediment of the area is mainly composed by silt (59%), with 21% sand and 20% clay. Variations in sorting and skewness are the product of local variations in clay and sand content. The vegetation type was significantly correlated to mangrove crab characteristics, abundance and weight/size. Sediment characteristics are also substantially different according to the vegetation type. Areas where Avicennia germinans prevails have more sand and clay than areas of Rizophora mangle, in which silt is dominant and crabs were significantly heavier. The present results have showed that the distribution of sediments, crabs and vegetation at mangrove areas are strongly correlated. Thus, they should be studied in conjunction.

Urothelial bladder cancer progression: lessons learned from the bench

Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) is an intricate malignancy with a variable natural history and clinical behavior. Despite developments in diagnosis/prognosis refinement and treatment modalities, the recurrence rate is high, and progression from non-muscle to muscle invasive UBC commonly leads to metastasis. Moreover, patients with muscle-invasive or extra-vesical disease often fail the standard chemotherapy treatment, and overall survival rates are poor. Thus, UBC remains a challenge in the oncology field, representing an ideal candidate for research on biomarkers that could identify patients at increased risk of recurrence, progression, and chemo-refractoriness. However, progress toward personalized medicine has been hampered by the unique genetic complexity of UBC. Recent genome-wide expression and sequencing studies have brought new insights into its molecular features, pathogenesis and clinical diversity, revealing a landscape where classical pathology is intersected by the novel and heterogeneous molecular groups. Hence, it seems plausible to postulate that only an integrated signature of prognostic/predictive biomarkers inherent in different cancer hallmarks will reach clinical validation. In this review, we have summarized ours and others' research into novel putative biomarkers of progression and chemoresistance that encompass several hallmarks of cancer: tumor neovascularization, invasion and metastasis, and energy metabolism reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment.

Estudo e implementação de testes de software em desenvolvimento ágil

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia de Sistemas

Synthesis of new peptide derivatives that self-assemble into nanostructured hydrogels for biomedical applications

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências (área de especialização em Química)

Expression of histone methyltransferases as novel biomarkers for renal cell tumor diagnosis and prognostication

Renal cell tumors (RCTs) are the most lethal of the common urological cancers. The widespread use of imaging entailed an increased detection of small renal masses, emphasizing the need for accurate distinction between benign and malignant RCTs, which is critical for adequate therapeutic management. Histone methylation has been implicated in renal tumorigenesis, but its potential clinical value as RCT biomarker remains mostly unexplored. Hence, the main goal of this study was to identify differentially expressed histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs) that might prove useful for RCT diagnosis and prognostication, emphasizing the discrimination between oncocytoma (a benign tumor) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially the chromophobe subtype (chRCC). We found that the expression levels of three genes-SMYD2, SETD3, and NO66-was significantly altered in a set of RCTs, which was further validated in a large independent cohort. Higher expression levels were found in RCTs compared to normal renal tissues (RNTs) and in chRCCs comparatively to oncocytomas. SMYD2 and SETD3 mRNA levels correlated with protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry. SMYD2 transcript levels discriminated RCTs from RNT, with 82.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity (AUC=0.959), and distinguished chRCCs from oncocytomas, with 71.0% sensitivity and 73.3% specificity (AUC: 0.784). Low expression levels of SMYD2, SETD3, and NO66 were significantly associated with shorter disease-specific and disease-free survival, especially in patients with non-organ confined tumors. We conclude that expression of selected HMTs and HDMs might constitute novel biomarkers to assist in RCT diagnosis and assessment of tumor aggressiveness.

Characteristics associated with the dropout of hypertensive patients followed up in an outpatient referral clinic

OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics associated with the dropout of patients followed up in a Brazilian out patient clinic specializing in hypertension. METHODS: Planned prospective cohort study of patients who were prescribed an antihypertensive treatment after an extensive initial evaluation. The following parameters were analyzed: sex, age, educational level, duration of disease, pressure level used for classifying the patient, previous treatment, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, familial history of hypertension, and lesion in a target organ. RESULTS: We studied 945 hypertensive patients, 533 (56%) of whom dropped out of the follow-up. The mean age was 52.3±12.9 years. The highest probabilities of dropout of the follow-up were associated with current smoking, relative risk of 1.46 (1.04-2.06); educational level equal to or below 5 years of schooling, relative risk of 1.52 (1.11-2.08); and hypertension duration below 5 years, relative risk of 1.78 (1.28-2.48). Age increase was associated with a higher probability of follow-up with a relative risk of 0.98 (0.97-0.99). CONCLUSION: We identified a group at risk for dropping out the follow-up, which comprised patients with a lower educational level, a recent diagnosis of hypertension, and who were smokers. We think that measures assuring adherence to treatment should be directed to this group of patients.

Establishing the prevalence of hypertension. Influence of sampling criteria

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of systemic hypertension in two different populations: a representative sample of the adult urban population of Porto Alegre, and individuals who sought blood pressure measurement in a hypertension prevention and control campaign. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving a representative sample of the adult urban population of Porto Alegre and a population sample obtained from a hypertension prevention and control campaign, which included all the individuals who sought the blood pressure assessment unit at the Hospital das Clínicas in Porto Alegre. The following parameters were investigated: history of hypertension, use of antihypertensive drugs, age, and sex. Adjustments for age and sex in the prevalence rates were performed to make them comparable. RESULTS: Hypertension prevalence, defined as values > or = 160/95mmHg or treatment with antihypertensive drugs, was higher in the campaign sample (42%) as compared with the population sample (24%). Among those who were aware of their hypertensive condition and were under medication, 54% of the campaign sample and 62% of the representative population sample maintained their pressure levels <160/90mmHg. CONCLUSION: Prevalence rates of hypertension differed a lot in the campaign sample and in the representative population sample, showing that the sampling criterion may influence assessment of risk factors and bias the association between risk factors and health aggravations.

CREACIÓN DE RECURSOS INFORMÁTICOS PARA LAS LENGUAS MINORITARIAS MOCOVÍ Y QUECHUA

El contacto lingüístico entre diferentes comunidades en la Argentina produce una situación de diglosia que desplaza a las lenguas dominadas a favor de la dominante, en este caso, el castellano. Esta situación ha llevado a la extinción de muchas lenguas, y otras varias se encuentran en proceso de desaparición [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=AR]. Con la muerte de estas lenguas no sólo se pierde un vasto bagaje cultural, sino que las comunidades indígenas se ven privadas de un elemento esencial para reafirmar su identidad y adaptarse a su medio socio-cultural. El objetivo último de este proyecto es contribuir a detener y, en lo posible, revertir estos procesos de extinción de las lenguas. Para ello, nos proponemos formalizar algunas lenguas indígenas de la Argentina para su tratamiento automático en aplicaciones computacionales que faciliten la producción lingüística, como por ejemplo la traducción automática de y hacia el castellano, ayudas a la redacción o facilitación translingüística. Este tipo de aplicaciones, además de contribuir a la preservación y multiplicación de usos de las lenguas aborígenes, facilitará que las comunidades se apropien de los procesos de inclusión digital, cuando éstos se implementen en su lengua materna. Por lo ambicioso de sus objetivos, este es un proyecto a largo plazo y con este subsidio que estamos solicitando abordaríamos el desarrollo de su fase inicial. Trabajaremos inicialmente con dos lenguas indígenas del territorio argentino que han sido bien descriptas a nivel lingüístico: el mocoví y el quechua, con la intención de extenderlo al mapundungun. A partir de las descripciones lingüísticas, propondremos una formalización computacional para cada una de estas lenguas, tratando de crear un núcleo común que facilite la adaptación de las aplicaciones computacionales a las diferentes lenguas. En una fase posterior del proyecto, la metodología y núcleo común consolidados para estas lenguas y dominios facilitarán el traslado de las aplicaciones a otras lenguas indígenas y a otros dominios semánticos. En esta fase inicial trabajaremos con aplicaciones de dominios semánticos restringidos, ya que se requiere mucho tiempo y esfuerzo para lograr un buen funcionamiento en aplicaciones de dominio general. Dos dominios en que consideramos sería beneficioso trabajar son la salud (concentrándonos por ejemplo en la información escrita sobre la prevención e higiene) y la agricultura (concentrándonos en información escrita relacionarse con el riego, la rotación de cultivos, etc). Sin embargo, planeamos hacer la elección final de dominios conjuntamente con organizaciones activas en la problemática abordada. Se trabajará a partir de datos recolectados por los propios investigadores implicados, así como datos producidos por otros proyectos, como por ejemplo los del DILA [http://www.caicyt.gov.ar/DILA], o los del proyecto Avenue [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~avenue/].

I Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre processos e competências para a formação em cardiologia no Brasil: resumo executivo

Este artigo resume a "I Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Processos e Competências para a Formação em Cardiologia no Brasil", que pode ser encontrada na íntegra no seguinte endereço:

Phylogeny of Thylamys (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) species, with special reference to Thylamys karimii

The genus Thylamys Gray, 1843 lives in the central and southern portions of South America inhabiting open and shrub-like vegetation, from prairies to dry forest habitats in contrast to the preference of other Didelphidae genera for more mesic environments. Thylamys is a speciose genus including T. elegans (Waterhouse, 1839), T. macrurus (Olfers, 1818), T. pallidior (Thomas, 1902), T. pusillus (Desmarest, 1804), T. venustus (Thomas, 1902), T. sponsorius (Thomas, 1921), T. cinderella (Thomas, 1902), T. tatei (Handley, 1957), T. karimii (Petter, 1968), and T. velutinus (Wagner, 1842) species. Previous phylogenetic analyses in this genus did not include the Brazilian species T. karimii, which is widely distributed in this country. In this study, phylogenetic analyses were performed to establish the relationships among the Brazilian T. karimii and all other previously analyzed species. We used 402-bp fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and the phylogeny estimates were conducted employing maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), Bayesian (BY), and neighbor-joining (NJ). The topologies of the trees obtained in the different analyses were all similar and pointed out that T. karimii is the sister taxon of a group constituted of taxa from dry and arid environments named the dryland species. The dryland species consists of T. pusillus, T. pallidior, T. tatei, and T. elegans. The results of this work suggest five species groups in Thylamys. In one of them, T. velutinus and T. kariimi could constitute a sister group forming one Thylamys clade that colonized Brazil.

Mycologia Fennica, auctore P.A. Karsten.

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