Heating, current drive and confinement regimes with the JET ICRH and lhcd systems

During its 1990 operation, 2 large RF systems were available on JET. The Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) system was equipped with new beryllium screens and with feedback matching systems. Specific impurities generated by ICRH were reduced to negligible levels even in the most stringent H-mode conditions. A maximum power of 22 MW was coupled to L-mode plasmas. High quality H-modes (tau-E greater-than-or-equal-to 2.5 tau-EG) were achieved using dipole phasing. A new high confinement mode was discovered. It combines the properties of the H-mode regime to the low central diffusivities obtained by pellet injection. A value of n(d) tau-E T(i) = 7.8 x 10(20) m-3 s keV was obtained in this mode with T(e) approximately T(i) approximately 11 keV. In the L-mode regime, a regime, a record (140 kW) D-He-3 fusion power was generated with 10 - 14 MW of ICRH at the He-3 cyclotron frequency. Experiments were performed with the prototype launcher of the Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) systems with coupled power up to 1.6 MW with current drive efficiencies up to < n(e) > R I(CD)/P = 0.4 x 10(20) m-2 A/W. Fast electrons are driven by LHCD to tail temperatures of 100 keV with a hollow radial profile. Paradoxically, LHCD induces central heating particularly in combination with ICRH. Finally we present the first observations of the synergistic acceleration of fast electrons by Transit Time Magnetic Pumping (TTMP) (from ICRH) and Electron Landau Damping (ELD) (from LHCD). The synergism generates TTMP current drive even without phasing the ICRH antennae.

The Use of Herbicides to Control Hydrilla and the Effects on Young Largemouth Bass Population Characteristics and Aquatic Vegetation in Lake Seminole, Georgia

From 1997 to 2003, we examined the impacts of two aquatic herbicides, fluridone (Sonar; 1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluromethl) phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone), and dipotassium salt of endothall (Aquathol K; 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid), used to control dense hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L. f. Royle), on population characteristics of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacepede) in small coves (<10 ha) in Lake Seminole, Georgia. In addition, we estimated areal coverage and species composition of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) communities in each cove. Fish and plants were sampled in both control (hydrilla infested)and herbicide treated coves in November and March- April each year. Electrofishing catch-per-effort for both number and weight of age-0 and age-1 fish for the 1997 to 2002 year classes was either the same or higher (p < 0.05) in herbicide treated than in control coves. Age-0 fish were larger (p <0.05) in treated, than in control coves in November, but at age-1 in the following spring, fish were slightly longer (p <0.05) in the control coves. Higher age-0 catches were associated with greater percent reductions in numeric catch between age-0 and age-1 and reduced lengths of fish in November indicating density-dependent effects. Age-0 fish lengths were also negatively correlated to percent cover of both total and native SAV. Total or native SAV coverages were not associated with catch-per-unit effort for number and weight, but nearly all control and herbicide treated coves had total SAV coverage greater than 40%. Applications of both Sonar and Aquathol K reduced total SAV coverage and hydrilla, permitted the establishment of native SAVs, and had either neutral or positive impacts on young largemouth bass in small coves in Lake Seminole. (PDF contains 7 pages.)

STREAM Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp 1-21. Jan-March 2007

CONTENTS: Approaches to understanding pond-dike systems in Asia: the POND-LIVE project approach, by Dave Little, Marc Verdegem and Roel Bosma. The contribution of fish ponds to nutrient cycling in integrated farming systems, by P.N. Muendo, J.J. Stoorvogel and Marc Verdegem. Improving the contribution of fishfarming to livelihoods in Northeast Thailand, by Chittra Arjinkit, Roel Bosma, Danai Turongrouang. Benefits of pond-dike systems in Bangladesh, by M.S. Kabir, M.A. Wahab and Marc Verdegem. Common carp increases rohu production in farmers ponds, by Mohammad Mustafizur Rahman, Md. Abdul Wahab and Marc C.J. Verdegem. Improving pond-dike farming systems in the Mekong delta, Vietnam; the Can Tho approach, by Dang Kieu Nhan, Le Thanh Duong, Le Thanh Phong, Roel H. Bosma and Marc C.J. Verdegem. Fuzzy pathways for farm development in Vietnam, by Roel H. Bosma, Le Thanh Phong, and Dang Kieu Nhan.

Joannis Clerici ars critica, in qua ad studia linguarum latinae, graecae, et hebraicae via munitur : veterumque emendandorum spuriorum scriptorum a genuinis dignoscendorum, & judicandi de eorum libris ratio traditur

Jean Le Clerc nasceu em Genebra em 1657 e morreu em Amsterdã em 1736. Erudito suíço distinguiu-se como historiador, crítico, teólogo e filósofo. Suas doutrinas filosóficas carecem de unidade e foram, basicamente, fundamentadas em obras de escritores ingleses. Como pastor protestante exerceu o sacerdócio em Londres, tendo aplicado em seus estudos de teologia e exegese bíblica um critério de extrema liberdade, o que o levou a ser acusado de sociniano. Alguns de seus trabalhos foram publicados sob o pseudônimo de Joannes Phereponus. ‘Ars critica’ teve sua primeira edição em 1697. Editado em dois volumes. Contém regras para o estudo dos autores gregos e latinos clássicos, constituindo um tratado de crítica geral e dicionário para o entendimento desses autores. A quarta edição de ‘Ars critica’ foi acrescida de um terceiro volume. Considera-se a edição de 1730 a melhor dentre as publicadas. E uma obra que exigiu uma imensa erudição e grande conhecimento filosófico para sua realização

Investigation of the influence of the aberration induced by a plane interface on STED microscopy

The structure of the inhibition patterns is important to the stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Usually, Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam and the central zero-intensity patterns created by inserting phase masks in Gaussian beams are used as the erase beam in STED microscopy. Aberration is generated when focusing beams through an interface between the media of the mismatched refractive indices. By use of the vectorial integral, the effects of such aberration on the shape of depletion patterns and the size of fluorescence emission spot in the STED microscopy are studied. Results are presented as a comparison between the aberration-free case and the aberrated cases. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America

Ultrabroad infrared luminescences from Bi-doped alkaline earth metal germanate glasses

We report on ultrabroad infrared (IR) luminescences covering the 1000-1700-nm wavelength region, from Bi-doped 75GeO(2) 20RO-5Al(2)O(3) 1B(2)O(3) (R = Sr, Ca, and Mg) glasses. The full width at half-maximum of the IR luminescences excited at 980 nm increases (315 -> 440 -> 510 nm) with the change of alkaline earth metal (Mg2+ -> Ca2+ -> Sr2+). The fluorescence lifetime of the glass samples is 1725, 157, and 264 mu s when R is Sr, Ca, and Mg, respectively. These materials may be promising candidates for broad-band fiber amplifiers and tunable laser resources.

Ultrabroad infrared luminescence from Bi-doped aluminogermanate glasses

We report ultrabroad infrared luminescence from Bi-doped aluminogermanate glasses. The infrared luminescence almost covers the whole low loss wavelength region (1200-1650 nm) of silica glass fiber when excited by a diode laser at 980 nm. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the luminescence is 510 nm. The luminescence peak can be divided into three Gaussian peaks, and the fluorescence lifetime of the three emissions are 297 mu s, 470 mu s and 1725 mu s, respectively. These fluorescence properties indicate that the glasses are promising material for broadband optical amplifiers. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Arqueología de las murallas urbanas medievales en el País Vasco. Nuevas vías interpretativas

Homenaje a Ignacio Barandiarán Maestu / coord. por Javier Fernández Eraso, Juan Santos Yanguas