440 resultados para Amín, Samir


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Las relaciones entre población y pobreza han sido uno de los focos de interés y actividad del Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía (CELADE)- División de Población de la CEPAL desde sus inicios, hace ya 50 años. En este contexto el CELADE organizó la Reunión de expertos sobre población y pobreza en América Latina y el Caribe en noviembre de 2006 con el objetivo general de examinar y analizar las interrelaciones relevantes entre las tendencias y los factores demográficos, la pobreza y las políticas de protección social en la realidad actual de América Latina y el Caribe. Los temas abordados en la reunión fueron: i) los aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos de las interrelaciones entre población y pobreza, con particular referencia a la situación de América Latina y el Caribe; ii) las diversas maneras en que la pobreza afecta y se ve afectada por variables y fenómenos demográficos, distinguiendo entre estos últimos a la salud sexual y reproductiva, el envejecimiento de la población y las migraciones internas e internacionales; iii) los efectos de las políticas orientadas a enfrentar la pobreza, a dar protección social a la población en general y a grupos específicos como las mujeres, los jóvenes y la población indígena; iv) la dinámica de la población de los países de la región y su influencia en los requerimientos sociales presentes y futuros, y v) las políticas de protección social aplicadas en América Latina y el Caribe, en particular su importante aporte a la superación de la pobreza de la población, y la consideración en estas de las realidades y tendencias demográficas. En este y el siguiente número de la revista “Notas de población” se dan a conocer algunos de los estudios presentados en esa reunión. Los diez artículos seleccionados cumplen con varios requisitos —amén de su calidad—, entre otros originalidad y focalización en las prioridades temáticas de la revista. En este número se presentan cinco artículos, el primero de los cuales es un análisis desde una perspectiva conceptual de las relaciones entre población y pobreza en el actual contexto socioeconómico, político y programático. Asimismo, se incluyen un artículo en que se examinan las relaciones entre el comportamiento reproductivo y la pobreza, otro en que se analizan los vínculos entre envejecimiento y pobreza, otro que se centra en la migración internacional y la pobreza y un último consistente en un análisis del efecto de algunos fenómenos demográficos a escala de hogar sobre la probabilidad de salir o de entrar a la pobreza.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

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ABSTRACT: Rocio virus (ROCV) is an encephalitic flavivirus endemic to Brazil. Experimental flavivirus infections have previously demonstrated a persistent infection and, in this study, we investigated the persistence of ROCV infection in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The hamsters were infected intraperitoneally with 9.8 LD50/0.02 mL of ROCV and later anaesthetised and sacrificed at various time points over a 120-day period to collect of blood, urine and organ samples. The viral titres were quantified by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The specimens were used to infect Vero cells and ROCV antigens in the cells were detected by immunefluorescence assay. The levels of antibodies were determined by the haemagglutination inhibition technique. A histopathological examination was performed on the tissues by staining with haematoxylin-eosin and detecting viral antigens by immunohistochemistry (IHC). ROCV induced a strong immune response and was pathogenic in hamsters through neuroinvasion. ROCV was recovered from Vero cells exposed to samples from the viscera, brain, blood, serum and urine and was detected by qRT-PCR in the brain, liver and blood for three months after infection. ROCV induced histopathological changes and the expression of viral antigens, which were detected by IHC in the liver, kidney, lung and brain up to four months after infection. These findings show that ROCV is pathogenic to golden hamsters and has the capacity to cause persistent infection in animals after intraperitoneal infection.

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O trabalho escravo inaugurado durante a colonização do Brasil, ainda se faz presente hoje. Mesmo em pleno século XXI, é corriqueiro o conhecimento de notícias e evidências da incidência de exploração do trabalhador em condições análogas às de escravo. O novo panorama do trabalho escravo traz novas causas, diferentes cativeiros e as formas mais cruéis de exploração do ser humano. No caso da Amazônia, pesquisas, dados e estudos apontam que as atividades vinculadas ao desmatamento na região têm relação direta com a incidência de casos de submissão de trabalhadores a condições análogas às de escravo. Em que pese os governos anunciarem medidas de caráter emergencial para combater o desmatamento, tais medidas têm sido pouco eficientes para reverter esta tendência histórica. Nesse contexto, o Estado do Pará não está alheio a essa realidade, apresentando-se como um território de graves conflitos, não só por questões fundiárias e de exploração predatória e ilegal de madeira, como também pelos altos índices de desmatamento e por graves violações de direitos humanos, fatores que têm efeitos ainda mais preocupantes em regiões de difícil acesso como o Arquipélago do Marajó. O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar relação entre o trabalho análogo ao de escravo com a dinâmica do desmatamento na Amazônia, especialmente com estudo de caso que relaciona a exploração madeireira e os casos de trabalho análogo ao de escravo no território do Arquipélago do Marajó.

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Because an enriched environment (EE) enhances T-cell activity and T-lymphocytes contribute to immunopathogenesis during heterologous dengue virus (DENV) infections, we hypothesised that an EE increases dengue severity. To compare single serotype (SS) and antibody-enhanced disease (AED) infections regimens, serial intraperitoneal were performed with DENV3 (genotype III) infected brain homogenate or anti-DENV2 hyperimmune serum followed 24 h later by DENV3 (genotype III) infected brain homogenate. Compared AED for which significant differences were detected between the EE and impoverished environmental (IE) groups (Kaplan-Meyer log-rank test, p = 0.0025), no significant differences were detected between the SS experimental groups (Kaplan-Meyer log-rank test, p = 0.089). Survival curves from EE and IE animals infected with the AED regimen were extended after corticoid injection and this effect was greater in the EE than in the IE group (Kaplan-Meyer log-rank test, p = 0.0162). Under the AED regimen the EE group showed more intense clinical signs than the IE group. Dyspnoea, tremor, hunched posture, ruffled fur, immobility, pre-terminal paralysis, shock and death were associated with dominant T-lymphocytic hyperplasia and presence of viral antigens in the liver and lungs. We propose that the increased expansion of these memory T-cells and serotype cross-reactive antibodies facilitates the infection of these cells by DENV and that these events correlate with disease severity in an EE.

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A 35-year-old African Brazilian patient had sickle cell anemia complicated with recurrent vasoocclusive (VOC) crises and refractory painful leg ulcers for 16 years. The ulcers started over both medial malleoli and expanded gradually. The ulcer on the left leg spread from the foot to the knee circumferentially and was refractory to all forms of therapy within the frame work of multi-disciplinary care. The patient agreed to a below the knee amputation of the left leg. He felt much better after the amputation but developed severe neuropathic phantom pain that was well controlled medically. He could differentiate the sickle cell anemia and ulcer pain from the neuropathic pain. About 6 months after the amputation he had dengue fever with fatal outcome. This is the first report of treatment of refractory sickle cell anemia leg ulcer with amputation and probably the first report of a Brazilian patient with sickle cell anemia and dengue fever.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The suppression of erythropoiesis by Hydroxyurea (HU) therapy is associated with increase in mean corpuscular volume, in addition to the increase in Hb F. Monitoring the mean corpuscular volume values and the presence of macrocytosis are effective tools of adherence to the treatment with HU in patients with sickle cell anemia. The aim of this study is to monitor the mean corpuscular volume values after starting treatment with HU to determine if macrocytosis can be used as a surrogate marker of compliance with therapy. We conducted a prospective cohort study over one year with measurements of blood counts and mean corpuscular volume after starting therapy with HU in 95 patients with sickle cell anemia who were regularly followed in our ambulatory outpatient unit. In one-year of successful use of HU the mean value of the mean corpuscular volume increased significantly. The Andersen and Gill model demonstrated that the increase of one unit of MCV implies a 5% reduction in the risk of visiting the emergency room. Monitoring mean corpuscular volume values after prescribing HU alerts the provider of noncompliance in order to counsel the patient in question for better adherence to the use of HU that could improve the quality of care and to reduce morbidity and the frequency of acute pain crises and associated healthcare costs.