Girau,J.P.; Pons, F.; Janin, T.: Nécropoles protohistoriques de la région de Castret (Tarn). Le Causse, Gourjade, Le Martinet

La arqueología de la muerte constituye una de las fuentes básicas de información para la reconstrucción de las estructuras sociales, económicas e ideológicas de la Prehistoria. Los avances realizados durante la última década en la aplicación de las denominadas «ciencias auxiliares de la arqueología» al estudio de las necrópolis han constituido, sin ningún género de dudas, una de las aportaciones más sobresalientes en el campo de la relación pluridisciplinar e interdisciplinar de la investigación arqueológica. La comparación entre la información suministrada por las necrópolis excavadas y publicadas hasta mediados de la década de 1980, y aún a principio de la siguiente, y la difusión de los resultados de las investigadas con posterioridad a esas fechas muestran de qué modo en el transcurso de pocos años se ha producido un avance técnico que supera los parámetros interpretativos más extendidos, proporcionando bases documentales fiables sobre las que sustentar una nueva conceptuación teórica de los procesos sociales de determinados períodos y fases cronoculturales.

Gracia Alonso, Francisco: "La arqueologia durante el primer franquismo (1939-1956)" , ed. Bellaterra, Barcelona 2009.

Aquesta obra del professor Gracia que ara veu la llum és el resultat d'una llarga sèrie de recerques historiogràfiques que l'autor ha emprès durant la darrera dècada. L'interès per la historiografia arrenca en el seu cas del desig de resseguir la petjada de Bosch Gimpera en l'arqueologia catalana, espanyola i internacional; aquesta feina l'ha dut a aprofundir en d'altres qüestions relacionades amb la postguerra espanyola, sobre les quals ha publicat ja documentats i interessants articles, com ara els que fan referència als batallons de presoners emprats com a mà d'obra a Empúries, la presència de significatius capitosts de Das Ahnenerbe a l'Espanya de la primera meitat dels anys 40, el paper que va tenir Bosch a la UNESCO o les depuracions del Museu Arqueològic de Barcelona.

Nieto, Xavier y Santos, Marta, 2009, El vaixell grec arcaic de Cala Sant Vicenç. Monografies del CASC, 7, Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Barcelona, Barcelona 2009, 469 p.

Por sí sólo el hallazgo y excavación de un barco griego tardoarcaico en la costa norte de Mallorca ya constituiría una singularidad arqueológica digna de comentario; si además la aventura se materializa, como es el caso, en un excelente libro monográfico, el suceso se convierte en una fuente histórica de primer orden, que reporta un notorio avance en la comprensión del comercio empórico foceo occidental. Aunque se disponían de algunos trabajos preliminares, la presente obra culmina los esfuerzos de Xavier Nieto y Marta Santos, autores principales, pero también de treinta y cinco colaboradores que firman estudios especializados ¿tipológicos, epigráficos y analíticos¿ de muy variada metodología y extensión.

El laboratori d'Arqueologia Experimental del Vendrell (Baix Penedès). Primers resultats

En aquest article es presenten els primers resultats d'un projecte d'arqueologia experimental, que s'està desenvolupant en un laboratori a l'aire lliure on se sotmeten a experimentació sistemàtica diversos aspectes de l'arquitectura i tecniques constructives tradicionals aplicables a la protohistòria de la Mediterrania nord-occidental, per tal de verificar les hipotesis de reconstrucció proposades en els darrers anys per a diversos jaciments.

Bibliometria e arqueologia do saber de Michel Foucault: traços de identidade teórico-metodológica

O artigo tem por objetivo levantar e discutir as relações entre a arqueologia do saber de Michel Foucault e a bibliometria. Propõe categorias de análise comuns entre ambas as áreas. Reflete sobre temas de interesse comum entre as duas disciplinas, tais como intertextualidade, citações, pragmática, categorização dos discursos. Apresenta possibilidades de superação de limites teórico-epistemológicos da bibliometria, tais como o problema da dificuldade de se aferir a "cientificidade" dos discursos selecionados para os estudos bibliométricos, assim como a incorporação de categorias que permitam superar as tendências de reificação identificadas nas pesquisas da ciência da informação.

Estudi dels materials dipositats en el Museu d"Arqueologia de Catalunya del jaciment ibèric del Castellot de la Roca Roja (Benifallet, Baix Ebre)

El jaciment del Castellot de la Roca Roja (Benifallet, Baix Ebre) es localitza a la riba esquerra del riu Ebre, sobre una formac ió rocallosa de relleus molt abruptes, només accessible per I' extrem septentrional, on es va construir un fossat i una muralla de doble parament que s'adossa a una torre quadranguiar. Sens dubte, la se va posició és immillorable per tal d'exercir el control del pas pel riu.

Termination of major ductile strike-slip shear and differential cooling along the Insubric line (Central Alps): U-Pb, Rb-Sr and 40Ar/39Ar ages of cross-cutting pegmatites

To constrain the age of strike-slip shear, related granitic magmatism, and cooling along the Insubric line, 29 size fractions of monazite and xenotime were dated by the U-Pb method, and a series of 25 Rb-Sr and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages were measured on different size fractions of muscovite and biotite. The three pegmatitic intrusions analyzed truncate high-grade metamorphic mylonite gneisses of the Simplon shear zone, a major Alpine structure produced in association with dextral strike-slip movements along the southern edge of the European plate, after collision with its Adriatic indenter. Pegmatites and aplites were produced between 29 and 25 Ma in direct relation to right-lateral shear along the Insubric line, by melting of continental crust having Sr-87/Sr-86 between 0.7199 and 0.7244 at the time of melting. High-temperature dextral strike-slip shear was active at 29.2 +/- 0.2 (2 sigma) Ma, and it terminated before 26.4 +/- 0.1 Ma. During dike injection, temperatures in the country rocks of the Isorno-Orselina and Monte Rosa structural units did not exceed approximate to 500 degrees C, leading to fast initial cooling, followed by slower cooling to approximate to 350 degrees C within several million years. In one case, initial cooling to approximate to 500 degrees C was significantly delayed by about 4 m.y., with final cooling to approximate to 300 degrees C at 20-19 Ma in all units. For the period between 29 and 19 Ma, cooling of the three sample localities was non-uniform in space and time, with significant variations on the kilometre scale. These differences are most likely due to strongly varying heat flow, and/or heterogeneous distribution of unroofing rates within the continuously deforming Insubric line. If entirely ascribed to differences in unroofing, corresponding rates would vary between 0.5 and 2.5 mm/y, for a thermal gradient of 30 degrees/km.

Stable isotope geochemistry and phase-equilibria of coesite-bearing whiteschists, Dora Maira massif, Western Alps

Peak metamorphic temperatures for the coesite-pyrope-bearing whiteschists from the Dora Maira Massif, western Alps were determined with oxygen isotope thermometry. The deltaO-18(SMOW) values of the quartz (after coesite) (delta O-18 = 8.1 to 8.6 parts per thousand, n = 6), phengite (6.2 to 6.4 parts per thousand, n = 3), kyanite (6.1 parts per thousand, n = 2), garnet (5.5 to 5.8 parts per thousand, n = 9), ellenbergerite (6.3 parts per thousand, n = 1) and rutile (3.3. to 3.6 parts per thousand, n = 3) reflect isotopic equilibrium. Temperature estimates based on quartz-garnet-rutile fractionation are 700-750-degrees-C. Minimum pressures are 31-32 kb based on the pressure-sensitive reaction pyrope + coesite = kyanite + enstatite. In order to stabilize pyrope and coesite by the temperature-sensitive dehydration reaction talc + kyanite = pyrope + coesite + H2O, the a(H2O) must be reduced to 0.4-0.75 at 700 750-degrees-C. The reduced a(H2O) cannot be due to dilution by CO2, as pyrope is not stable at X (CO2) > 0.02 (T = 750-degrees-C; P = 30 kb). In the absence of a more exotic fluid diluent (e.g. CH4 or N2), a melt phase is required. Granite solidus temperatures are approximately 680-degrees-C/30 kb at a(H2O) = 1.0 and are calculated to be approximately 70-degrees-C higher at a(H2O) = 0.7, consistent with this hypothesis. Kyanite-jadeite-quartz bands may represent a relict melt phase. Peak P-T-f(H2O) estimates for the whiteschist are 34 +/- 2 kb, 700-750-degrees-C and 0.4-0.75. The oxygen isotope fractionation between quartz (deltaO-18 = 11.6%.) and garnet (deltaO-18 = 8.7 parts per thousand) in the surrounding orthognesiss is identical to that in the coesite-bearing unit, suggesting that the two units shared a common, final metamorphic history. Hydrogen isotope measurements were made on primary talc and phengite (deltaD(smow) = -27 to -32 parts per thousand), on secondary talc and chlorite after pyrope (deltaD = - 39 to - 44 parts per thousand) and on the surrounding biotite (deltaD = -64 parts per thousand) and phengite (deltaD = -44 parts per thousand) gneiss. All phases appear to be in near-equilibrium. The very high deltaD values for the primary hydrous phases is consistent with an initial oceanic-derived/connate fluid source. The fluid source for the retrograde talc + chlorite after pyrope may be fluids evolved locally during retrograde melt crystallization. The similar deltaD, but dissimilar deltaO-18 values of the coesite-bearing whiteschists and hosting orthogneiss suggest that the two were in hydrogen isotope equilibrium, but not oxygen isotope equilibrium. The unusual hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of the coesite-bearing unit can be explained as the result of metasomatism from slab-derived fluids at depth.

Structure and kinematics of the Jungfrau syncline, Faflertal (Valais, Alps), and its regional significance

The formation and structural evolution of the jungrau syncline is described, based on excellent outcrops occurring in the lotschental, in the central alps of switzerland. the quality of the outcrops allows us to demonstrate that the external massifs of the swiss alps have developed due to internal folding. The jungfrau suncline, which separates the autochtonous gastern dome from the aar massif basement gneiss folds, is composed of slivers of basement rocks with their mesozoic sedimentary cover. in the inner faflertal, a side valley of the lotschental, the 200 m thick syncline cp, roses fpir imots, the gastern massif with a reduced mesozoic sedimentary cover in a normal stratigraphic succession, two units of overturned basement rocks with their mesozoic sedimentary cover, and the overturned lower limn of the tschingelhorn gneiss fold of the aar massif with lenses of its sedimentary cover. stratigraphy shows that the lower units, related to the gastern massis, are condensed and that the upper units, deposited farther away from a gastern paleo-high, form a more complete sequence, linked to the doldenhorn meso-cneozoic basin fill. the integration of these local observations with published regional data leads to the following model. on the northern margin of the doldenhorn hbasin, at the northern fringe of the alpine tethuys, the pre-triassic crystalline basement and its mesozoic sedimentary cover were folded by ductile deformation at temperatures above 300 degrees C and in the presence of high fluid pressures, as the helveti c and penninic nappes were overthrusted towards the northwest during the main alpine deformation phase, the visosity contrast between the basement gneisses and the sediments caused the formation of large basement anticlines and tight sedimentary sunclines (mullion-type structures). The edges of basement blocks bounded buy pre-cursor se-dipping normal faults at the northwestern border of the doldenhorn basin were deformed bu simple shear, creating overturned slices of crystalline rocks with their sedimentary cover in what now forms the hungfrau syncline. the localisation of ductile deformation in the vicinity of pre-existing se-dipping faults is thought to have been helped by the circulation of fluids along the faults; these fluids would have been released from the mesozoic sediments by metamorphic dehydration reactions accompanied by creep and dynamic recrystallisation of quartz at temperatures above 300 degrees C. Quantification of the deformation suggests an strain ellipsoid with a ratio (1 + e(1)/+ e(3)) of approximately 1000. The jungfrau suncline was deformed bu more brittle nw-directed shear creating well-developed shear band cleavages at a late stage, after cooling by uplift and erosion. It is suggested that the external massifs of the apls are basement gneiss folds created at temperatures of 300 degrees C by detachment through ductile deformation of the upper crust of the european plate as it was underthrusted below the adriatic plate.

Stable O and H isotopic composition of hydrous minerals as proxies for paleoclimate and -topography : application to the European Alps

The isotopie composition of clay minerals can be used to gain information on paleoaltitude, -topography and -climate during the time of their formation, as they form in isotopie equilibrium with ambient water, which has an isotopie composition that is determined by previous rain-out. In this thesis, the usability of this approach is evaluated for sample material from both the North Alpine Foreland Basin and internal parts of the European Alps. The isotopie composition of precipitation is determined by the air temperature and the extent of previous rain-out, which in turn is affected by the distance to the point of origin of the water vapor and the condensation conditions. An orographic barrier leads to uplift and adiabatic cooling of air masses and thereby enhances rainfall with a characteristic depletion in heavy 0 and H isotopes. Processes such as evaporation and mixing of water with different origin affect the isotopie composition further on the surface. Clay minerals are hydrous phyllosilicates that can form during weathering or pedogenesis in isotopie equilibrium with the present water and inherit its isotopie composition with a characteristic fractionation. If their isotopie composition was preserved after formation and the necessary parameters are known, it is possible to calculate the isotopie composition of the ambient water and thereby reconstruct climatic and topographic conditions during their formation. Due to the hygroscopic behavior of the sample material, analytical procedures needed to be modified to allow an analysis of the oxygen and hydrogen isotopie composition of the hydroxyl water built into their crystal structure and not the one of recently adsorbed water. In order to determine typical 5lsO and 8D values of meteoric water and minerals in the weathering environment in high Alpine regions, samples of surface water and soils from the valley of Visp in the Swiss Alps were studied that were collected along a transect with varying altitudes and host rock lithologies. The actual aim to attempt the reconstruction of Alpine paleoelevations was addressed by the analysis of sediments deposited under marine and terrestrial conditions during the Miocene and Oligocene, which were sampled from different locations in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Further bentonite and fault gouge clay samples were used as reference material from low and high elevations. Results show that the isotopie composition of clay minerals can be influenced by several factors, such as the mode and site of their formation, possible isotope exchange (which is evident for 8D values), the samples' mineral composition (such as the presence of detrital material) and the deposition environment. With a consideration of these parameters and limitation to certain sample material, conclusions are drawn on the isotopie composition of the water from which the clay minerals formed. Most of the obtained values lie in the same range as has been reported in literature for foreland precipitation. The reconstruction of paleoelevation might be possible for selected sites with a geographical setting close to the Alpine chain or for intramontane basins. - La composition isotopique des argiles, qui se forment typiquement en contact avec des eaux superficielles, peut être utilisée pour obtenir des informations sur la paléoaltitude, la paléotopographie et le paléoclimat pendant leur création. La composition en isotopes stable (oxygène et hydrogène) des eaux de pluie est déterminée par l'altitude, la température, la distance depuis le lieu d'évaporation et par le taux de précipitation. Certains processus comme l'évaporation, l'interaction avec des minéraux et le mélange d'eaux d'origines variées peuvent aussi changer la composition des eaux de surface. Les argiles sont des pliyllosilicates hydratés qui sont crées par l'altération des roches au contact de ces eaux de surface et ils acquièrent une composition isotopique qui est soumise à un certain fractionnement. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer si l'effet de l'altitude des Alpes, est détectable dans la composition isotopique des sédiments du bassin d'avant-pavs pendant le Miocène. Après avoir établi la procédure analytique, des compositions isotopiques typiques de régions de hautes altitudes ont été determine sur les eaux de surfaces (rivières) et sur des échantillons de sols, le long d'une coupe dans la valée de Visp, dans les Alpes Suisses. Une reconstruction des paléoaltitudes Miocènes Alpines a ensuite été mené par l'analyse de sédiments marins et terrestres en utilisant des échantillons d'âges variés et provenant de Suisse, d'Allemagne et d'Autriche. Les résultats montrent que la composition isotopique des échantillons est impactée par de multiples facteurs, tels que le mode de et le lieu de formation. un possible échange isotopique tardif (surtout pour 5D). leur composition minéralogique et l'environnement de leur sédimentation. Après un examen prudent de ces paramètres, et en se limitant à un certain assortiment d'échatillons, on peut tirer des conclusions sur la composition isotopique des eaux originelles pour en déduire l'effet du climat et de la topographie.

Les TIC en la recerca, la interpretació i el procés d'aprenentatge de l'arqueologia

Des de la nostra posició de medievalistes, considerem les fonts històriques com a punt de partida de tota investigació històrica i entenem que la formació dels nostres alumnes ha de dirigir-se no només a l'adquisició de coneixements sinó també al desenvolupament de les habilitats relacionades amb el tractament de las fonts de la Historia. Per altra banda, la nostra experiència en l'ús de les TIC tant per a la difusió com per a la docència de la història i l'arqueologia, ens ha permès constatar la seva validesa com a eina de transmissió de coneixements i d'estímul en el procés d'aprenentatge dels nostres alumnes. Per tot això, des del grup [contra] Taedium d'Investigació i Innovació Docent en Historia Medieval, hem optat per dissenyar i realitzar tot un seguit de materials didàctics en els que recerca i docència es donen la ma amb l'objectiu que els nostres estudiants s'introdueixin en l'ofici i s'impliquin en el seu procés d'aprenentatge. Des de la reproducció virtual en 3D d'un castell dels segles XI-XII fins als materials on line que actualment estem desenvolupant, hem reflexionat i evolucionat en una línia de treball que ens ha de permetre transformar les dinàmiques de l'aula i les formes de comprensió dels processos de transmissió i adquisició de coneixements en l'àmbit universitari.

Arqueologia y museografia didáctica en los aeródromos de guerra (1936-1939)

El presente artículo plantea cómo llevar a cabo una intervención arqueológica, museológica y educativa en los espacios asociados a la Guerra aérea en Cataluña partiendo de las aportaciones metodológicas de la Arqueología del conflicto, de las posibilidades del SIG (Sistemas de Información Geográfica), y de las nuevas líneas de actuación de la didáctica del patrimonio.