Maximum weight independent sets in hole- and dart-free graphs

The Maximum Weight Independent Set (MWIS) problem on graphs with vertex weights asks for a set of pairwise nonadjacent vertices of maximum total weight. The complexity of the MWIS problem for hole-free graphs is unknown. In this paper, we first prove that the MWIS problem for (hole, dart, gem)-free graphs can be solved in O(n(3))-time. By using this result, we prove that the MWIS problem for (hole, dart)-free graphs can be solved in O(n(4))-time. Though the MWIS problem for (hole, dart, gem)-free graphs is used as a subroutine, we also give the best known time bound for the solvability of the MWIS problem in (hole, dart, gem)-free graphs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Inhibition of Lactoperoxidase-Catalyzed Oxidation by Imidazole-Based Thiones and Selones: A Mechanistic Study

Herein, we describe the synthesis and biomimetic activity of a series of N,N-disubstituted thiones and selones that contain an imidazole pharmacophore. The N,N-disubstituted thiones do not show any inhibitory activity towards LPO-catalyzed oxidation reactions, but their corresponding N,N-disubstituted selones exhibit inhibitory activity towards LPO-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Substituents on the N atom of the imidazole ring appear to have a significant effect on the inhibition of LPO-catalyzed oxidation and iodination reactions. Selones 16, 17, and 19, which contain methyl, ethyl, and benzyl substituents, exhibit similar inhibition activities towards LPO-catalyzed oxidation reactions with IC50 values of 24.4, 22.5, and 22.5M, respectively. However, their activities are almost three-fold lower than that of the commonly used anti-thyroid drug methimazole (MMI). In contrast, selone 21, which contains a NCH2CH2OH substituent, exhibits high inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 7.2M, which is similar to that of MMI. The inhibitory activity of these selones towards LPO-catalyzed oxidation/iodination reactions is due to their ability to decrease the concentrations of the co-substrates (H2O2 and I2), either by catalytically reducing H2O2 (anti-oxidant activity) or by forming stable charge-transfer complexes with oxidized iodide species. The inhibition of LPO-catalyzed oxidation/iodination reactions by N,N-disubstituted selones can be reversed by increasing the concentration of H2O2. Interestingly, all of the N,N-disubstituted selones exhibit high anti-oxidant activities and their glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity is 4-12-fold higher than that of the well-known GPx-mimic ebselen. These experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the selones exist as zwitterions, in which the imidazole ring contains a positive charge and the selenium atom carries a large negative charge. Therefore, the selenium moieties of these selones possess highly nucleophilic character. The 77SeNMR chemical shifts for the selones show large upfield shift, thus confirming the zwitterionic structure in solution.

C-11/C-9 Helices in Crystals of alpha beta Hybrid Peptides and Switching Structures between Helix Types by Variation in the alpha-Residue

Close-packed helices with mixed hydrogen bond directionality are unprecedented in the structural chemistry of alpha-polypeptides. While NMR studies in solution state provide strong evidence for the occurrence of mixed helices in (beta beta)(n) and (alpha beta)(n) sequences, limited information is currently available in crystals. The peptide structures presented show the occurrence of C-11/C-9 helices in (alpha beta)(n) peptides. Transitions between C-11 and C-11/C-9 helices are observed upon varying the alpha-amino acid residue.

Design and Testing of a Control System for Supply Side Electrical Load Management

India's energy demand is increasing rapidly with the intensive growth of economy. The electricity demand in India exceeded the availability, both in terms of base load energy and peak availability. The efficient use of energy source and its conversion and utilizations are the viable alternatives available to the utilities or industry. There are essentially two approaches to electrical energy management. First at the supply / utility end (Supply Side Management or SSM) and the other at the consumer end (Demand Side Management or DSM). This work is based on Supply Side Management (SSM) protocol and consists of design, fabrication and testing of a control device that will be able to automatically regulate the power flow to an individual consumer's premise. This control device can monitor the overuse of electricity (above the connected load or contracted demand) by the individual consumers. The present project work specially emphasizes on contract demand of every consumer and tries to reduce the use beyond the contract demand. This control unit design includes both software and hardware work and designed for 0.5 kW contract demand. The device is tested in laboratory and reveals its potential use in the field.

Regional hydrological impacts of climate change: implications for water management in India

Climate change is most likely to introduce an additional stress to already stressed water systems in developing countries. Climate change is inherently linked with the hydrological cycle and is expected to cause significant alterations in regional water resources systems necessitating measures for adaptation and mitigation. Increasing temperatures, for example, are likely to change precipitation patterns resulting in alterations of regional water availability, evapotranspirative water demand of crops and vegetation, extremes of floods and droughts, and water quality. A comprehensive assessment of regional hydrological impacts of climate change is thus necessary. Global climate model simulations provide future projections of the climate system taking into consideration changes in external forcings, such as atmospheric carbon-dioxide and aerosols, especially those resulting from anthropogenic emissions. However, such simulations are typically run at a coarse scale, and are not equipped to reproduce regional hydrological processes. This paper summarizes recent research on the assessment of climate change impacts on regional hydrology, addressing the scale and physical processes mismatch issues. Particular attention is given to changes in water availability, irrigation demands and water quality. This paper also includes description of the methodologies developed to address uncertainties in the projections resulting from incomplete knowledge about future evolution of the human-induced emissions and from using multiple climate models. Approaches for investigating possible causes of historically observed changes in regional hydrological variables are also discussed. Illustrations of all the above-mentioned methods are provided for Indian regions with a view to specifically aiding water management in India.

Effect of strain rate response and pin diameter on mechanically mixed layer formation and wear mechanisms in a Ti6Al4V-SS316L pair

Three mechanisms operate during wear of materials. These mechanisms include the Strain Rate Response (SRR - effect of strain rate on plastic deformation), Tribo-Chemical Reactions (TCR) and formation of Mechanically Mixed Layers (MML). The present work investigates the effect of these three in context of the formation of MML. For this wear experiments are done on a pin-on-disc machine using Ti64 as the pin and SS316L as the disc. It is seen that apart from the speed and load, which control the SRR and TCR, the diameter of the pin controls the formation of MML, especially at higher speeds.

Producción de plantas libres de virus y morfogénesis indirecta a partir del cultivo de meristemo de tres genotipos de quequisque (Xanthosoma saggittifolium (L) Schott

Se establecieron dos ensayos con el objetivo de determinar en que condición de cultivo se induce: 1) mayor cantidad de plantas libres del DMV diagnosticado con la prueba ELISA; 2) mayor cantidad de callos y plantas regeneradas a partir de callos en tres genotipos de quequisque. Ambos ensayos se iniciaron utilizando meristemos como explantes. Los ensayos se establecieron en esquema de diseño DCA bifactorial: a) genotipos de quequisque, Masaya (My), Nueva Guinea (NG) y Blanco (Bco); b) 5 variantes medios de cultivos. Se realizaron 3 pruebas ELISA a plantas de los tres genotipos que presentasen síntomas del DMV en el campo, a plantas del campo seleccionadas al azar y a plantas provenientes del cultivo de meristemos. En el ensayo de saneamiento del DMV se empleó en el medio MS suplido con combinaciones de AIA y 6-BAP, y para el ensayo de producción de callos se utilizaron combinaciones de 2,4-D y 6-BAP. La regeneración de plantas a partir de callos se logró en el medio MS sencillo. El desarrollo de los explantes en el primer ensayo se cuantificó utilizando escalas arbitrarias para el color y el crecimiento. En el segundo ensayo se utilizó una escala para medir el desarrollo. A los datos de cada variable se realizó un ANDEVA y la prueba de rangos múltiples Tukey, al α= 0.05, cuando hubo diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos. Cien porciento de las muestras de hojas de plantas de los 3 genotipos que presentaban síntomas del DMV en el campo, resultaron positivas. Las plantas del campo de los genotipos My, NG y Bco elegidas al azar, registraron 88.32, 98.70 y el 90.00% de infección con el DMV; en cambio las plantas in vitro registraron 93.7, 100 y 100% libres de DMV en los mismos genotiposrespectivamente. A los 90 días de establecido el primer ensayo, el medio MS sin reguladores de crecimiento resultó estadísticamente superior con 84% de explantes creciendo y 8% plantas formadas. El medio MS + 1 mgl-16-BAP + 1 mgl-1 AIA registró los valores más discretos con 53% de explantes sin crecer y 41% plantas creciendo. El genotipo My fue superior en todos los medios con 90% de explantes creciendo y 7% plantas formadas. El genotipo Bco registró los más bajos valores con 58% de explantes sin crecer y 5% plantas formadas. Las variables color y crecimiento reportaron similar comportamiento. El medio de cultivo testigo fue estadísticamente superior con 64% de explantes color verde, 30% amarillo y 6% necróticos. El genotipo My sobresalió con 40% de explantes amarillos y 60% verdes. Los genotipos NG y Bco tuvieron comportamientos similares. En el ensayo de producción de callos, tres tratamientos resultaron estadísticamente superiores: el genotipo NG en el medio MS + 3 mgl-12,4-D (60% de explantes formando callos) y el genotipo Masaya en los medios MS+ 5 mg l-12,4-D y MS + 3 mg l-12,4-D (26.7 y 40% callos formados, respectivamente). No se registraron diferencias estadísticas entre los genotipos (16, 17 y 17% callos formados). El medio de cultivo MS + 3 mg l-12,4-D indujo la formación de 4% callos y 44% plantas. El medio de cultivo testigo (MS sin reguladores de crecimiento) resultó en 47% explantes sin crecer y ningún callo formado. Después de los 60 días del trasplante de los callos a un medio sin hormonas, los genotipos Masaya, Nueva Guinea y Blanco reportaron que el 94, 83 y 58 % regeneraron yemas respectivamente.

Efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada y la cantidad de semilla de siembra sobre las características del sorgo granífero E-57

Debido a que las cantidades de semilla por manzana así como las cantidades fertilizante afectan de modo diferente a las variedades de sorgo granifero, se planifico el presente trabajo con el fin de obtener información acerca del efecto de cinco cantidades de semilla por hectárea y cinco niveles de nitrógeno en diferentes características del sorgo granifero E-57, bajo las condiciones de suelo de "Los Altos", Masaya. Los niveles de nitrógeno estudiadas fueron 70, 87, 5, 105, 122.5 y 140 kilogramos por hectárea. Las densidades de siembra fueron 16, 17.75, 19.5, 21.5 y 23 kilogramos de semilla por hectárea. El diseño experimental que se uso fue el de cuadrado doble con distribución de tratamientos en el campo de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, conteniendo cada bloque 13 tratamientos. Cada parcela consto de 4 surcos de 6 metros de largo separados entre si 0.35 metros. La fuente de nitrógeno usada fue Urea 46 por ciento , la variedad usada fue E-57, los resultados del experimento pueden resumirse asi: 1). Los porcentajes de germinacion fueron sensiblemente bajos. 2). La enfermedad causada por el patógeno Helminthosporium sp. no causo ningún efecto en la producción de grano. 3) El numero de días a flor y la altura de plantas no fueron afectados por ningún tratamiento. 4) La variedad Dekalb E-57 resulto ser resistente al acame. 5) El numero de panojas a la cosecha se incrementa a medida que aumenta la densidad de siembra, hasta el limite de 21.5 kilogramos por hectárea en el cual comienza a decrecer. 6) Los niveles óptimos de los factores estudiados para obtener el mayor rendimiento de grano y beneficio, son las de 105 kilogramos de nitrógeno y 19.5 kilogramos de semilla por hectarea. Con semilla de 72 por ciento de germinacion.

Regimento Interno da Câmara dos Deputados : Resolução nº 30, de 31 de outubro de 1972

Texto consolidado em 1982 e alterado pelas Resoluções nºs 15, 16, 17, 24 e 33, de 1983.

Regimento Interno da Câmara dos Deputados : Resolução n º 30, de 31 de outubro de 1972 : com índice de assuntos

Texto consolidado em 1982 e alterado pelas Resoluções nºs 15, 16, 17, 24 e 33, de 1983; e Resoluções nºs 4, 30 e 55, de 1985; e 34, de 1986

PICES Press, Vol. 10, No. 2, July 2002

International symposium on North Pacific transitional areas [pp. 1-4] [pdf, 0.8 Mb] PICES Volunteer Observing Ship (VOS) Workshop [pp. 5-7] [pdf, 0.3 Mb] Joint meeting on Causes of marine mortality of salmon [pp. 8-9] [pdf, 0.3 Mb] The state of the western North Pacific in the second half of 2001 [pp. 10-11] [pdf, 0.5 Mb] State of the eastern North Pacific in spring 2002 [pp. 12-13] [pdf. 0.4 Mb] The status of the Bering Sea in the second half of 2001 [pp. 14-15] [pdf. 0.3 Mb] PICES Workshop on “Perturbation analysis” on subarctic Pacific gyre ecosystem models [pp. 16-17] [pdf. 0.4 Mb] Status and future plans for SOLAS-Japan [pp. 18-20] [pdf. 0.5 Mb] China-Korea Joint Ocean Research Center: A bridge across the Yellow Sea to connect Chinese and Korean oceanographic institutes and scientists [pp. 21-22] [pdf. 0.3 Mb] Persistent changes in the California Current ecosystem [pp. 23-24] [pdf. 0.2 Mb] The Hokusei Maru: 53 years of research in the Pacific [pp. 25-28] [pdf. 0.5 Mb] First meeting of the CLIVAR Pacific Panel [pp. 29-30] [pdf. 0.3 Mb] Call for contributions to the North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report [p. 31] [pdf. 0.2 Mb] PICES announcements [p. 32] [pdf. 0.2 Mb]